Middle East Critique最新文献

{"title":"Indigenous Internationalism Against Imprisoned Indigeneity in Australia and Palestine","authors":"Kim Alley, Lorenzo Veracini","doi":"10.1080/19436149.2024.2321549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2024.2321549","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous Australians and Palestinians experience some of the highest rates of incarceration and state violence in the world. In this article’s first section we focus comparatively on administrati...","PeriodicalId":44822,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Critique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-Political Relations Between Turkey and Iraq Over the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers: Dyadic Relationships and Structure Matter","authors":"Luay Hussien Aldalooi","doi":"10.1080/19436149.2024.2303575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2024.2303575","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the hydro-political relationship between Iraq and Turkey by applying the framework of hydro-hegemony. During the Cold War, the Turkish-Iraqi hydro-relationship was influenced...","PeriodicalId":44822,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Critique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Visual Narratives of the 1979 Iranian Revolution","authors":"Marouf Cabi","doi":"10.1080/19436149.2024.2309446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2024.2309446","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes a series of documentaries on the 1979 Iranian Revolution broadcast by Iran International and Manoto television channels. While covering the era of the Pahlavi dynasty, especia...","PeriodicalId":44822,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Critique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark Humor and ‘Humor Talk’ in Algeria’s Hirak","authors":"Elizabeth M. Perego","doi":"10.1080/19436149.2023.2298128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2023.2298128","url":null,"abstract":"Since February 2019, observers and activists alike have commented on the outpouring of humorous expression that Algeria’s ongoing Hirak (‘movement’) for political change has fostered. The present w...","PeriodicalId":44822,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Critique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139925612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Note","authors":"Eric Hooglund","doi":"10.1080/19436149.2024.2309775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2024.2309775","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Middle East Critique (Ahead of Print, 2024)","PeriodicalId":44822,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Critique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discourse Analysis of Social Justice Policies in Post-Revolutionary Iran","authors":"Reza Safari Shali","doi":"10.1080/19436149.2023.2266867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2023.2266867","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The article aims to analyze the discursive transformations of social justice to realize social welfare during five successive administrations in the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1981 to 2021. It analyzes institutional texts and official speeches by the presidents of each administration based on the discourse analysis method of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. The findings demonstrate that each government differently articulated the signifier of justice in its social policies. However, the central signification was tied to ‘poverty eradication’ in all five administrations. However, social justice was not considered a comprehensive discourse nor an inclusive strategic process, but rather was defined discursively by each government as a government-oriented project in a short-term perspective, mainly by reducing social justice to economic growth and redistribution of resources. Finally, according to the comprehensive discourse of the Islamic Revolution, I suggest the need to redefine social justice as the aim of realizing social welfare in Iranian society with regard to the comprehensive, multi-dimensional definition of justice which include: (1) equal access to resources and opportunities by providing backgrounds, range and scope for such opportunities; (2) considering the principle of entitlement and necessities; and (3) attention to redistributive justice and expansion of the government’s sup portive umbrella by focusing on the vulnerable and disadvantaged groups (social, physical and mental).Key Words: Discourse analysisIranSocial JusticeSocial SecurityWelfare AcknowledgmentsThe author would like to thank all colleagues who helped me in various way while I was writing this article, especially Prof. Mostafa Azkia and Pezhman Barkhordari, a PhD student of sociology at Kharazmi University in Tehran.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Gholam Abbas Tavasoli (Citation2003) In Search of Social Politics in Islam, Social Welfare Magazine, 10 (3), p. 81.2 Charities.3 It is a form of almsgiving often collected by the Muslims. It is considered a religious obligation for those who meet the necessary criteria of wealth to help the needy.4 Literally ‘one fifth’. In Islam it refers to the required religious obligation of any Muslim to pay 20 percent of their acquired wealth from certain sources toward specified causes.5 It is the financial compensation paid to the victim or heirs of a victim in the cases of murder, bodily harm or property damage by mistake.6 Jafar HezarJarribi & Reza Safari Shali (Citation2013) Discourse on Justice in the Bills of the Post-Islamic Development Program, Emphasizing Poverty Reduction and Deprivation, Journal of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University. 20(61), p.1.7 Friedrich A. Hayek (1978) The Constitution of Liberty (The University of Chicago Press).8 Reza Safari Shali (Citation2013) Review of the Discourse of Social Justice in P","PeriodicalId":44822,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Critique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Construction of Population Policies and Problems in Iran Since 1963","authors":"Abouali Vedadhir, Seyedhadi Marjaei","doi":"10.1080/19436149.2023.2268860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2023.2268860","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Population has been and continues to be a significant matter of concern and contention in Iran. A range of different claims-makers, with varying dramas, ideologies, resources, rhetorical strategies and schemas have made claims that name and frame the population problem in particular ways to influence policy processes, and the experiences, meanings, and practices of people in everyday life. As a result, since 1967, mainly in post-revolutionary Iran, there has been the rise and fall of contesting narratives of the population as a social problem. Drawing on theoretical insights from social constructionism, we track these debates. In particular, we are interested in how claims-makers use rhetorical strategies and mobilize resources to convince others and to influence policy processes through social problem games and works. In other words, we examine the claims-making activities around the population as a social problem over the last half-century in Iran, showing how an understanding of these activities can enrich our understanding of definitional processes. We also discuss how certain discourses, policies and social constructions of population and family planning have become dominant and have influenced cultural meanings, popular images and the daily life experiences of people, particularly women and their prospects of reproduction and motherhood, for the most part, in the shadow of interpretations of Islamic Sharia law enforced since the 1979 Revolution. Building on the constructionist analysis and interoperation of contesting anti-natalist and pronatalist claims and policies over the last half-century in Iran, this article highlights how images of population problems are constructed socio-culturally with actual impact on individuals’ everyday lives in society, and how people find ways to respond, resist and counter the dominant discourses and policies about family planning, population and reproduction and family. Hence, the contesting claims, definitions and discourses around population have not been merely abstract points of debate, but they have penetrated the emotions, memories, relationships, prospects and practices of people in Iran. The results reveal that there are several existing and emerging dialectics, paradoxes, and uncertainties on population policies and problems at multiple levels, with each of these definitions having key insights and implications for policy-related scientific research (science), the policy process and its outcomes, reproductive prospects and the practices of people (public).Key Words: Claims-making activitiesIranpopulation policiesreproductionsocial constructionism AcknowledgmentsWe are warmly grateful to Professor Dorothy Pawluch (McMaster University) for her enduring contributions to social constructionism and for her valuable ideas on the very first draft of this manuscript. We also would like to thank Professor Mahmoud Ghazi Tabatabaei (University of Tehran) and Dr. S. M. Hani Sadati (The Centre for Co","PeriodicalId":44822,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Critique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s Note","authors":"Eric Hooglund","doi":"10.1080/19436149.2023.2268861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2023.2268861","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44822,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Critique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociology of Rival Music Genres and Music Consumption in Post-1979 Revolution Iranian Society","authors":"Masoud Kowsari","doi":"10.1080/19436149.2023.2266869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2023.2266869","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article examines the genesis of and competition among rival music genres in post-revolutionary Iran. Rival genres (pop music, rap music, rock music, traditional music, etc.) are genres that gradually emerged and developed since the 1920s. Relying on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of cultural field I point out the important music genres in post-revolutionary Iran that act as a means of expressing conflict over the borders of the field, and why in this field, contrary to Bourdieu’s theory, instead of a bipolar situation, a multi-genre situation prevails. Then, with the data obtained from my previous research and that of others who mostly live in Iran, I try to depict a picture of music consumption based on the rival music genres in the field and show how, contrary to the ideals and slogans of the Islamic Revolution, under the influence of global youth culture, the consumption of popular music has become the dominant consumption.Key Words: Culturefield of music productionglobal youth cultureIranian culturemusic consumptionmusic genresmusic tastepopular musicpost-revolutionary Iranian culture Disclosure StatementThe author reported no conflict of interests in the research for or writing of this article.Notes1 P. Bourdieu (Citation1993) The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature (New York: Columbia University Press), p. 42.2 M. Mohammadi (Citation2017) Modal Modernities: Formations of Persian Classical Music and the Recording of a National Tradition (Create Space: An Amazon.com Company), p. 88.3 J. During (2004[1984]) Sonnat va Tahavol dar Mosigi-ye Irani [La musique iranienne: Tradition et évolution, Paris: Editions Recherche sur les civilisations] (Tehran: Toos Publication), p. 31.4 L. C. Miller (Citation1999) Music and Song in Persia: The Art of Avaz (London: Curzon Press); L. Nooshin (Citation1996) The Processes of Creation and Recreation in Persian Classical Music, Unpublished Doctoral thesis, Goldsmiths’ College.5 Miller, Music and Song in Persia: The Art of Avaz, p. 34.6 Ibid, p. 52.7 Ibid, p. 29.8 H. Salehyar (Citation2015) The Revival of Iranian Classical Music during the Second Pahlavi Period: The Influence of the Politics of “Iranian-ness”, Unpublished Doctoral thesis, Department of Music, University of Alberta.9 M. Gelbart (Citation2021) Romanticism, the Folk, and Musical Nationalisms, in: Benedict Tylor (ed) The Cambridge Companion to Music and Romanticism, pp. 74–91 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).10 M. Shahabi (Citation2003) Jahani-shodan-e Javani: Khorde Farhangha-ye Javani dar Asr-e Jahani-shodan [Globalization of Youth: Youth Subcultures in the Age of Globalization], Quarterly Journal of Youth Studies, 1(5), p. 9.11 G. Rekabtalaei (Citation2019) Iranian Cosmopolitanism: A Cinematic History, pp. 184–231 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).12 N. Siamdoust (Citation2017) Soundtrack of the Revolution: The Politics of Music in Iran (Stanford University Press), p. 46.13 A. Youssefzadeh (Citation2000) ","PeriodicalId":44822,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Critique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeling of Insecurity and Hope in the Future: Case Study of Tehran","authors":"Adel Abdollahi","doi":"10.1080/19436149.2023.2266868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2023.2266868","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn recent decades, Iranian society has experienced rapid socio-economic changes that seriously affect feelings of hope in the future (HF) among social groups, especially in metropolitan areas such as Tehran. This study on HF, which I conducted in 2019, provides a gender analysis of HF for Tehran residents based on selected demographic variables and indicators of socio-economic and psychological insecurities. It also analyzes organizational and public trust by applying the Classification and Regression Trees (CART). I selected the participants from different areas of Tehran: 590 men and 610 women out of a population of 4,839,249 (3,054,715 men and 1,784,534 women) using two-stage stratified sampling with Probability Proportional to Size (PPS), and I completed with them structured questionnaires. The results showed that HF of Tehran residents is correlated with their gender (P-value = 0.033). Thus, two distinct trees with over 60% accuracies were fitted. Three influential variables on men’s HF were age, socio-economic insecurity, and public trust. Young men had higher HF than older ones.Key Words: Classification and regression trees (CART)Hope in the future (HF)Psychological insecuritysocio-economic insecurityTehran AcknowledgmentsI am immensely grateful to Professor Mostafa Azkia (Tehran University), who invited me to participate in this special issue, which is in honour of his 40+ plus years of promoting sociological research in Iran. I also would like to express my gratitude to Professor Eric Hooglund (Editor of Middle East Critique) for sharing his pearls of wisdom with me during the editing of this article. I thank my colleagues, Dr. Arezoo Bagheri and Dr. Mahsa Saadati at the National Institute for Population Research in Tehran, each of whom provided insight and expertise that were of great assistance in the research, and especially for their statistical assistance, although they may not agree with all the interpretations/conclusions in this article. In addition, I thank all the anonymous reviewers for their insights.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Ann K.S. Lambton (Citation2000) Theory of government in Iran, trans. into Perian by Ch. Pahlavan (Tehran: Giv).2 Homa Katouzian (Citation2004) The short-term society: A study in the problems of long-term political and economic development in Iran. In: Middle Eastern Studies, 40, 1, p. 1.3 For instance, the average Iranian life expectancy increased for the whole country in both rural and urban areas from 58.9, 62.6, and 55.4 years in 1976 to 75.06, 74.2, 73.2 years in 2016, respectively (Statistical Centre of Iran, Citation1976; Citation2016).4 Ali Asadi. (Citation1977) Cultural Trends and Social Attitudes in Iran, Tehran: Research Institute of Communication Sciences and Development of Iran; and Mohsen Goodarzi (2004) Values and attitudes of Iranians (Tehran:5 Gholam Reza Ghaffari, “Measuring the social capital (second wave),” p. 153","PeriodicalId":44822,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Critique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}