Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-7-16
V. Vasyukov, I. A. Pichikov
The problem of imitation modeling of passive interference is considered in the context of devel-oping algorithms for space-time processing of broadband signals in a radar system with a digital antenna array. Spectral and correlation characteristics of passive noise are discussed in the frame-work of Gaussian, polynomial (fractional rational) and exponential models. Due to the broadband nature of probing signals, the formation of the antenna array directional pattern is carried out by controlling the time delays of oscillations arriving at the array elements, which is implemented in the frequency domain through complex weighting factors. Modeling of passive interference as a sta-tionary complex random process is performed in discrete "slow" time, with each complex vector of samples being spaced from neighboring vectors by the value of the repetition period of the probing pulses. The known method for modeling passive interference based on a shaping recursive filter is unsuitable for use in the case of an interference spectrum other than rational. The method for model-ing the vector of correlated samples using the Cholesky expansion of the noise covariance matrix is inapplicable when the correlation coefficient is close to one. A method is proposed for modeling masking extended passive interference of a wide class based on filtering a sequence of complex pseudo-random vectors in the frequency domain with the use of a fast Fourier transform.
{"title":"Passive interference simulation in radars with digital antenna arrays","authors":"V. Vasyukov, I. A. Pichikov","doi":"10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-7-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-7-16","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of imitation modeling of passive interference is considered in the context of devel-oping algorithms for space-time processing of broadband signals in a radar system with a digital antenna array. Spectral and correlation characteristics of passive noise are discussed in the frame-work of Gaussian, polynomial (fractional rational) and exponential models. Due to the broadband nature of probing signals, the formation of the antenna array directional pattern is carried out by controlling the time delays of oscillations arriving at the array elements, which is implemented in the frequency domain through complex weighting factors. Modeling of passive interference as a sta-tionary complex random process is performed in discrete \"slow\" time, with each complex vector of samples being spaced from neighboring vectors by the value of the repetition period of the probing pulses. The known method for modeling passive interference based on a shaping recursive filter is unsuitable for use in the case of an interference spectrum other than rational. The method for model-ing the vector of correlated samples using the Cholesky expansion of the noise covariance matrix is inapplicable when the correlation coefficient is close to one. A method is proposed for modeling masking extended passive interference of a wide class based on filtering a sequence of complex pseudo-random vectors in the frequency domain with the use of a fast Fourier transform.","PeriodicalId":448354,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117207691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-52-71
A. A. Shevchenko, Z. Temlyakova, D. Toporkov, A. A. Temlyakov
The subject of research is double-speed asynchronous motors of the type produced by SPA ELSIB PJSC with two independent windings in the stator designed to drive the main circulating pumps of nuclear power plants as well as similar mechanisms in other sectors of the national economy. The article deals with specific issues of the full cycle of calculating the considered electric ma-chine. We propose a method of research on mutual influence of stator windings when the motor works based on the fundamental positions of the theory of electrical machines using numerical modeling. Also, a method of choosing an air cooler to be used in thermal calculation taking into account the features of the machine type under investigation is proposed. The research purpose is to optimize the full cycle of calculating a new motor of this type under development. This is due to the occurrence of additional heating in one stator winding due to the operation of the other, which increases labor costs caused by the need to take into account an additional heat source during thermal calculation. In addi-tion, the existing empirical dependencies do not fully reflect the entire physical picture of the ongoing processes. The originality of the research lies in the fact that based on the known provisions the algo-rithm for calculating the applied air cooler has been modified due to automation, which contributes to correct protection against thermal overheating effects. It is shown that by numerical modeling it is possible to minimize labor costs for determining the parameters taken into account in the subsequent thermal calculation that arise as a result of the mutual influence of the selected machine type stator windings. The research results are tried out in SPA ELSIB PJSC manufacture and presented by the motor specific example.
{"title":"Automation of the three-phase double-speed asynchronous motor design","authors":"A. A. Shevchenko, Z. Temlyakova, D. Toporkov, A. A. Temlyakov","doi":"10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-52-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-52-71","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of research is double-speed asynchronous motors of the type produced by SPA ELSIB PJSC with two independent windings in the stator designed to drive the main circulating pumps of nuclear power plants as well as similar mechanisms in other sectors of the national economy. The article deals with specific issues of the full cycle of calculating the considered electric ma-chine. We propose a method of research on mutual influence of stator windings when the motor works based on the fundamental positions of the theory of electrical machines using numerical modeling. Also, a method of choosing an air cooler to be used in thermal calculation taking into account the features of the machine type under investigation is proposed. The research purpose is to optimize the full cycle of calculating a new motor of this type under development. This is due to the occurrence of additional heating in one stator winding due to the operation of the other, which increases labor costs caused by the need to take into account an additional heat source during thermal calculation. In addi-tion, the existing empirical dependencies do not fully reflect the entire physical picture of the ongoing processes. The originality of the research lies in the fact that based on the known provisions the algo-rithm for calculating the applied air cooler has been modified due to automation, which contributes to correct protection against thermal overheating effects. It is shown that by numerical modeling it is possible to minimize labor costs for determining the parameters taken into account in the subsequent thermal calculation that arise as a result of the mutual influence of the selected machine type stator windings. The research results are tried out in SPA ELSIB PJSC manufacture and presented by the motor specific example.","PeriodicalId":448354,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133889299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-17-31
Roman D. Gall, Maya E. Shevchenko, Victor N. Malyshev
Unintentional and intentional interference of terrestrial radio sources operating via geostationary relay satellites to legal users of satellite communication systems requires accurate determination of their location. Methods of terrestrial radio sources location are based on the calculation of an cross-аambiguity function by additive mixtures of signals and noise received from relay satellites. In the presence of frequency-phase instability of relay satellites heterodynes the retransmitted signals have phase distortions, which lead to a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when calculating the cross- ambiguity function. The paper is aimed to study the effect of phase distortions caused by the instability of relay satellites heterodynes on SNR at the correlator output and to develop methods for their compensation based on statistical radio engineering and digital signal processing. The study of the proposed compensation methods was carried out by statistical simulation modeling. The SNR dependences at the correlator output on the duration of correlated signals for the model with a domi-nant frequency noise and frequency random walk have been obtained and a method for compensat-ing phase distortions caused by the instability of the relay satellites heterodynes has been developed. The energy gain has been estimated by applying the proposed compensation method. It has been shown that the developed method of compensation of relay satellites heterodynes instability allows achieving a significant gain in the SNR at the correlator output and contributes to increasing the probability of radio source signal detection from auxiliary relay satellites.
{"title":"Compensation of relay satellites heterodyne instability for locating terrestrial radio emission sources","authors":"Roman D. Gall, Maya E. Shevchenko, Victor N. Malyshev","doi":"10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-17-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-17-31","url":null,"abstract":"Unintentional and intentional interference of terrestrial radio sources operating via geostationary relay satellites to legal users of satellite communication systems requires accurate determination of their location. Methods of terrestrial radio sources location are based on the calculation of an cross-аambiguity function by additive mixtures of signals and noise received from relay satellites. In the presence of frequency-phase instability of relay satellites heterodynes the retransmitted signals have phase distortions, which lead to a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when calculating the cross- ambiguity function. The paper is aimed to study the effect of phase distortions caused by the instability of relay satellites heterodynes on SNR at the correlator output and to develop methods for their compensation based on statistical radio engineering and digital signal processing. The study of the proposed compensation methods was carried out by statistical simulation modeling. The SNR dependences at the correlator output on the duration of correlated signals for the model with a domi-nant frequency noise and frequency random walk have been obtained and a method for compensat-ing phase distortions caused by the instability of the relay satellites heterodynes has been developed. The energy gain has been estimated by applying the proposed compensation method. It has been shown that the developed method of compensation of relay satellites heterodynes instability allows achieving a significant gain in the SNR at the correlator output and contributes to increasing the probability of radio source signal detection from auxiliary relay satellites.","PeriodicalId":448354,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123852709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-44-51
I. E. Rudenko, A. Velichko, A. Y. Krupin, N. I. Filimonova, V. Ilyushin
The paper presents a method for obtaining some multilayer periodic CaF2/Si/CaF2/Si (111) structures with an emissivity in the visible region of the spectrum. A feature of this technique is that the deposition of Si and CaF2 layers was carried out at room temperature, followed by pulsed an-nealing. The photoluminescence spectra of the grown sample were obtained and measured at excitation wavelengths of 325 nm and 405 nm. The study of low-temperature photoluminescence was carried out with a laser with a wave-length of 405 nm, since no radiation in the structure was observed upon excitation with a laser with a wavelength of 325 nm. The photoluminescence spectra measured at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature are presented, according to which the shift of the photoluminescence maximum by 20 nm was established. The FWHM decreased from 284 nm to 210 nm with decreasing tem-perature.
{"title":"Preparation of multilayer periodic CaF2/Si/CaF2/Si (111) structures with photoluminescence in the visible spectrum","authors":"I. E. Rudenko, A. Velichko, A. Y. Krupin, N. I. Filimonova, V. Ilyushin","doi":"10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-44-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-3-44-51","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a method for obtaining some multilayer periodic CaF2/Si/CaF2/Si (111) structures with an emissivity in the visible region of the spectrum. A feature of this technique is that the deposition of Si and CaF2 layers was carried out at room temperature, followed by pulsed an-nealing. The photoluminescence spectra of the grown sample were obtained and measured at excitation wavelengths of 325 nm and 405 nm. The study of low-temperature photoluminescence was carried out with a laser with a wave-length of 405 nm, since no radiation in the structure was observed upon excitation with a laser with a wavelength of 325 nm. The photoluminescence spectra measured at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature are presented, according to which the shift of the photoluminescence maximum by 20 nm was established. The FWHM decreased from 284 nm to 210 nm with decreasing tem-perature.","PeriodicalId":448354,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126039918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-14-33
V. Kalytka, A. Aliferov, M. Korovkin, Ali Mehtiyev, P. Madi
Using the methods of quasi-classical kinetic theory, continuum electrodynamics, and non-relativistic quantum theory, we construct and study the quantum kinetic equation of proton relaxation, which, together with the Poisson operator equation describes the mechanism of diffusion tunneling transport of hydrogen ions (protons) in the potential field of a crystal lattice perturbed by a polarizing field (quantum diffusion polarization) in crystals with hydrogen bonds. Using the apparatus of the density matrix (statistical matrix), by complete quantum-mechanical averaging of the polarization operator, studies are carried out of the experimental value of the polarization of the dielectric, as a function of the parameters of the external electric field (amplitude, frequency of electromotive force) and temperature. When calculating the equilibrium density matrix for an ensemble of basic relaxers (hydrogen ions), the proton-proton and proton-phonon interactions are not taken into account, and the Hamilton operator for the phonon subsystem is assumed to be a numerical constant for a given crystal under given experimental conditions (calculated by computer method as a parameter for comparing the theory with the experiment). The influence of the phonon subsystem on the kinetics of the relaxation process is reduced to a weak spatially homogeneous force field acting on protons moving in the field of the main forces of hydrogen bonds. The Hamilton of the proton subsystem is constructed for the model of an ideal proton gas in equilibrium with the ionic subsystem of the crystal lattice, and the equilibrium statistical operator of the proton subsystem is written using the Boltzmann quantum statistics. Theoretically, the size effects are found to be manifested in shifts of the low-temperature (50–100 K) maxima of the dielectric loss angle tangent towards ultra-low temperatures (4–25 K) with a decrease in the amplitudes of the maxima by 3-4 orders of magnitude, with a reduction in the thickness of the crystal layer from 1–10 microns to 1–10 nm. The effect of anomalous displacements of low-temperature maxima, which is explained by the abnormally high quantum transparency of the potential barrier for protons (0.8-0.9) in thin films of a crystal with hydrogen bonds (1-10 nm), causes, near the temperatures of the shifted maxima of dielectric losses (4–25 K), a quasi-ferroelectric state, which is also characterized by abnormally high values of the real component of the complete dielectric permittivity (2.5–3.5millions).
{"title":"Quantum properties of dielectric losses in nanometer layers of solid dielectrics at ultra-low temperatures","authors":"V. Kalytka, A. Aliferov, M. Korovkin, Ali Mehtiyev, P. Madi","doi":"10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-14-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-14-33","url":null,"abstract":"Using the methods of quasi-classical kinetic theory, continuum electrodynamics, and non-relativistic quantum theory, we construct and study the quantum kinetic equation of proton relaxation, which, together with the Poisson operator equation describes the mechanism of diffusion tunneling transport of hydrogen ions (protons) in the potential field of a crystal lattice perturbed by a polarizing field (quantum diffusion polarization) in crystals with hydrogen bonds. Using the apparatus of the density matrix (statistical matrix), by complete quantum-mechanical averaging of the polarization operator, studies are carried out of the experimental value of the polarization of the dielectric, as a function of the parameters of the external electric field (amplitude, frequency of electromotive force) and temperature. When calculating the equilibrium density matrix for an ensemble of basic relaxers (hydrogen ions), the proton-proton and proton-phonon interactions are not taken into account, and the Hamilton operator for the phonon subsystem is assumed to be a numerical constant for a given crystal under given experimental conditions (calculated by computer method as a parameter for comparing the theory with the experiment). The influence of the phonon subsystem on the kinetics of the relaxation process is reduced to a weak spatially homogeneous force field acting on protons moving in the field of the main forces of hydrogen bonds. The Hamilton of the proton subsystem is constructed for the model of an ideal proton gas in equilibrium with the ionic subsystem of the crystal lattice, and the equilibrium statistical operator of the proton subsystem is written using the Boltzmann quantum statistics. Theoretically, the size effects are found to be manifested in shifts of the low-temperature (50–100 K) maxima of the dielectric loss angle tangent towards ultra-low temperatures (4–25 K) with a decrease in the amplitudes of the maxima by 3-4 orders of magnitude, with a reduction in the thickness of the crystal layer from 1–10 microns to 1–10 nm. The effect of anomalous displacements of low-temperature maxima, which is explained by the abnormally high quantum transparency of the potential barrier for protons (0.8-0.9) in thin films of a crystal with hydrogen bonds (1-10 nm), causes, near the temperatures of the shifted maxima of dielectric losses (4–25 K), a quasi-ferroelectric state, which is also characterized by abnormally high values of the real component of the complete dielectric permittivity (2.5–3.5millions).","PeriodicalId":448354,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122362469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-43-52
A. Udovichenko, V. Tokarev, Evgeny Grishanov, Sergey V. Kuchak
The article proposes a matching device between an accumulator battery and a voltage inverter in electric energy storage systems based on a reversible DC-DC converter with improved weight, size and cost indicators. Lithium-ion batteries are subject to tough operational requirements. The discharge of such batteries is not recommended to exceed their three-fold capacity (C), while the charge is limited to 0.5C, and low-frequency ripple components should not be present in the charging current. These requirements can be fulfilled with the help of the proposed matching device which is characterized by smaller dimensions and cost achieved due to the choke unit. The article proposes the calculation of the converter circuit and presents the simulation results obtained in the Psim simulation environment (the PowerSim environment). An economic assessment of the converter has been carried out.
{"title":"Development of an effective accumulator battery with a voltage inverter in the electric energy storage unit","authors":"A. Udovichenko, V. Tokarev, Evgeny Grishanov, Sergey V. Kuchak","doi":"10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-43-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-43-52","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes a matching device between an accumulator battery and a voltage inverter in electric energy storage systems based on a reversible DC-DC converter with improved weight, size and cost indicators. Lithium-ion batteries are subject to tough operational requirements. The discharge of such batteries is not recommended to exceed their three-fold capacity (C), while the charge is limited to 0.5C, and low-frequency ripple components should not be present in the charging current. These requirements can be fulfilled with the help of the proposed matching device which is characterized by smaller dimensions and cost achieved due to the choke unit. The article proposes the calculation of the converter circuit and presents the simulation results obtained in the Psim simulation environment (the PowerSim environment). An economic assessment of the converter has been carried out.","PeriodicalId":448354,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128110569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-34-42
V. Meikshan, Natalia B. Teslya
Benefits of using cloud technology are obvious, their application is expanding, as a result, it determines the steady growth of demand. Cloud computing has acquired particular relevance for large companies connected with Internet services, retailing, logistics that generate large volume of business and other information. The use of cloud technologies allows organizing the joint consumption of resources, solving the problems of storing and transferring significant amounts of data. Russian consumer cooperation refers to large territory distributed organizations actively forming their own digital ecosystem. The issue of data storing and processing for consumer coo-peration organizations is very relevant. At the same time, the prices of cloud service providers are significantly different and require solving the problem of minimizing the cost of storing and transferring significant amounts of data. The application of the linear programming method is considered to select the optimal data storage scheme for several cloud service providers having different technical and economic parameters of the package (maximum amount of storage, cost of allocated resources). Mathematical model includes the equation of costs for data storing and transferring and restrictions on the amount of storage, the amount of data and its safety. Software tool that allows to perform numerical calculations is selected Microsoft Excel in combination with the "search for solutions" add-on. In accordance with the mathematical model, the conditions for minimizing the amount of cloud storage costs and the necessary restrictions are established. Initial data are set for three data forming centers, storages of certain size for five cloud service providers and nominal price for information storage and transmission. Calculations of expenses are performed in several variants: without optimization, with the solution of the optimization problem, with price increase by cloud service providers. Results of the calculations confirm the necessity to solve the problem of minimizing the cost of cloud services for corporate clients. The presented model can be expanded for any cost conditions as well as for different areas of cloud applications.
{"title":"Selection of optimal data placement using cloud infrastructure","authors":"V. Meikshan, Natalia B. Teslya","doi":"10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-34-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-34-42","url":null,"abstract":"Benefits of using cloud technology are obvious, their application is expanding, as a result, it determines the steady growth of demand. Cloud computing has acquired particular relevance for large companies connected with Internet services, retailing, logistics that generate large volume of business and other information. The use of cloud technologies allows organizing the joint consumption of resources, solving the problems of storing and transferring significant amounts of data. Russian consumer cooperation refers to large territory distributed organizations actively forming their own digital ecosystem. The issue of data storing and processing for consumer coo-peration organizations is very relevant. At the same time, the prices of cloud service providers are significantly different and require solving the problem of minimizing the cost of storing and transferring significant amounts of data. The application of the linear programming method is considered to select the optimal data storage scheme for several cloud service providers having different technical and economic parameters of the package (maximum amount of storage, cost of allocated resources). Mathematical model includes the equation of costs for data storing and transferring and restrictions on the amount of storage, the amount of data and its safety. Software tool that allows to perform numerical calculations is selected Microsoft Excel in combination with the \"search for solutions\" add-on. In accordance with the mathematical model, the conditions for minimizing the amount of cloud storage costs and the necessary restrictions are established. Initial data are set for three data forming centers, storages of certain size for five cloud service providers and nominal price for information storage and transmission. Calculations of expenses are performed in several variants: without optimization, with the solution of the optimization problem, with price increase by cloud service providers. Results of the calculations confirm the necessity to solve the problem of minimizing the cost of cloud services for corporate clients. The presented model can be expanded for any cost conditions as well as for different areas of cloud applications.","PeriodicalId":448354,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117349778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-53-62
N. Shchurov, P. Bakholdin, D. Bakholdin
The creation of an electromagnetic shock absorber system is necessary taking into account such parameters of the vehicle and operating conditions as the quality of the roadway, the grades, and the weight and size of the vehicle. A mathematical simulation model of the vehicle was developed to determine energy indicators in various road sections. The MATLAB Simulink programming environment was chosen to create the most practical and functional simulation model. A number of experiments were carried out using various parameters of the vehicle, types of roadways and driving cycles. Simulation results allow obtaining basic characteristics of electromagnetic damper of the selected vehicle, on the basis of which a linear electromagnetic damper shock absorber will be calculated. System energy efficiency was determined when using a vehicle on roads having a different road surface evenness index.
{"title":"Energy parameters of the vehicle electromagnetic shock absorber","authors":"N. Shchurov, P. Bakholdin, D. Bakholdin","doi":"10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-53-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-53-62","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of an electromagnetic shock absorber system is necessary taking into account such parameters of the vehicle and operating conditions as the quality of the roadway, the grades, and the weight and size of the vehicle. A mathematical simulation model of the vehicle was developed to determine energy indicators in various road sections. The MATLAB Simulink programming environment was chosen to create the most practical and functional simulation model. A number of experiments were carried out using various parameters of the vehicle, types of roadways and driving cycles. Simulation results allow obtaining basic characteristics of electromagnetic damper of the selected vehicle, on the basis of which a linear electromagnetic damper shock absorber will be calculated. System energy efficiency was determined when using a vehicle on roads having a different road surface evenness index.","PeriodicalId":448354,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115434935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-7-13
I. Popov
The aim of the study is to establish the conditions for synchrotron radiation based on significant differences between tangential and centripetal accelerations of electric charges. From the fact that electromagnetic radiation carries away energy, it follows that the energy of the radiating system changes during radiation. Related to this is the following well-known rule: a change in energy is equal to work done. Three relevant theorems are proved. Theorem 1 states that a tangentially accelerated electric charge emits electromagnetic waves. Theorem 2 states that a normally accelerated electric charge does not emit electromagnetic waves. It is a well-known circumstance that the centripetal force does not perform work (since the scalar product of orthogonal vectors must be equal to zero). The proofs of Theorems 1 and 2 are performed in terms of forces. For electric charges, the transition to the terms of accelerations is carried out in accordance with Theorem 3which states that an electric charge satisfies Newton's second law. The tangential acceleration of an electric charge leads to the emission of electromagnetic waves. Generalization of the phenomenon of radiation to acceleration in general, including. normal charge acceleration, is false. The cause of synchrotron radiation should be sought in the tangential acceleration due to Coulomb interactions between the beam charges.
{"title":"On electromagnetic radiation of individual charges","authors":"I. Popov","doi":"10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-7-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-7-13","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to establish the conditions for synchrotron radiation based on significant differences between tangential and centripetal accelerations of electric charges. From the fact that electromagnetic radiation carries away energy, it follows that the energy of the radiating system changes during radiation. Related to this is the following well-known rule: a change in energy is equal to work done. Three relevant theorems are proved. Theorem 1 states that a tangentially accelerated electric charge emits electromagnetic waves. Theorem 2 states that a normally accelerated electric charge does not emit electromagnetic waves. It is a well-known circumstance that the centripetal force does not perform work (since the scalar product of orthogonal vectors must be equal to zero). The proofs of Theorems 1 and 2 are performed in terms of forces. For electric charges, the transition to the terms of accelerations is carried out in accordance with Theorem 3which states that an electric charge satisfies Newton's second law. The tangential acceleration of an electric charge leads to the emission of electromagnetic waves. Generalization of the phenomenon of radiation to acceleration in general, including. normal charge acceleration, is false. The cause of synchrotron radiation should be sought in the tangential acceleration due to Coulomb interactions between the beam charges.","PeriodicalId":448354,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125112706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.17212/1727-2769-2021-1-7-18
E. Krasnopevtsev
A new relatively simple derivation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is presented. The generalized coordinate of the system is changed by an external force and is expressed by means of causal susceptibility, its Fourier transform – the transfer function, generalized impedance and active resistance. These characteristics describe heat dissipation on the resistor and the result is generalized to the dissipative system which is under the action of macroscopic force. The fluctuation voltage on the resistor is obtained by decomposing the thermal chaotic motion of free charges along the conductor into a Fourier series. The number of standing waves and the average energy of the quantum oscillation state at a fixed temperature give the thermal power of charge transfer. By comparing with the Joule-Lenz law and by generalizing the result to an arbitrary isothermal system, the mean square of the fluctuating force and dispersion of the generalized coordinate caused by the thermal motion are obtained. The autocorrelation functions of the generalized coordinate and the random force, and their spectral densities are expressed through the considered characteristics. The content of FDT is that the power of heat release, the spectral densities of the fluctuating force and the autocorrelation are proportional to the imaginary part of the transfer function of the system. The result is used for thermal radiation in a cavity the walls of which contain electric dipoles excited by thermal motion. The transfer function, the fluctuating force acting on the charge, the dispersion of the electric field strength, time autocorrelation of the electric field strength and its spectral density are obtained. Real and imaginary components, the modulus and phase are found for complex relative autocorrelation of the electric field strength and the coherence time is determined.
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