Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2301.06
Saima Brohi, Ariba Shaikh, Iqra Jameel, M. Hamza, A. Memon, Iftikhar Ali Sahito, N. Mengal
Most flame-retardant finishing agents have been found to have an adverse effect on our environment and human skin because of the carcinogenic chemicals in their structure. Pyrovatex CP New is an Organophosphorus based flame retardant (FR) agent widely used in FR treatment of combustible. However, the main problem related to it is the release of high formaldehyde content (a known carcinogen). When used with methylated melamine (MM) an effective cross-linker. The objective of this research was to use citric acid (CA) and its integration with sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) and two different co-catalyst Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and phosphoric acid (PA) as a flame‐retardant finishing for cotton fabrics. The flammability of cotton fabric was assessed by a manual vertical flammability test, it is found that the combination of co-catalysts in FR formulation lowers the flammability of cotton. The pyrolysis characteristics and char residue yield of the treated cotton shows that the flame retardancy improves as the amount of catalyst is increased. The whiteness index, crease recovery and tensile strength of the treated cotton fabric was also significantly improved with our suggested recipe formulation. The finished cotton has significant variations in terms of its tensile strength, crease recovery, and whiteness index.
{"title":"Sustainable flame retardant treatment for cotton fabric using non formaldehyde cross linking agent","authors":"Saima Brohi, Ariba Shaikh, Iqra Jameel, M. Hamza, A. Memon, Iftikhar Ali Sahito, N. Mengal","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2301.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.06","url":null,"abstract":"Most flame-retardant finishing agents have been found to have an adverse effect on our environment and human skin because of the carcinogenic chemicals in their structure. Pyrovatex CP New is an Organophosphorus based flame retardant (FR) agent widely used in FR treatment of combustible. However, the main problem related to it is the release of high formaldehyde content (a known carcinogen). When used with methylated melamine (MM) an effective cross-linker. The objective of this research was to use citric acid (CA) and its integration with sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) and two different co-catalyst Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and phosphoric acid (PA) as a flame‐retardant finishing for cotton fabrics. The flammability of cotton fabric was assessed by a manual vertical flammability test, it is found that the combination of co-catalysts in FR formulation lowers the flammability of cotton. The pyrolysis characteristics and char residue yield of the treated cotton shows that the flame retardancy improves as the amount of catalyst is increased. The whiteness index, crease recovery and tensile strength of the treated cotton fabric was also significantly improved with our suggested recipe formulation. The finished cotton has significant variations in terms of its tensile strength, crease recovery, and whiteness index.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42640481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2301.17
Izzettin Kutlu, İrem Bekar
The global threats that arise due to the changing needs as a result of the advancement of technology cause the rapid depletion of natural resources. This situation necessitates studies to protect resources and reduce energy consumption. Recent studies have particularly emphasized the concept of “sustainability”. Today, as a result of the emergence of sustainability in buildings, certification systems have been developed in which the features of buildings are revealed. In this study, 4 certificate systems frequently used in different countries were discussed. First of all, these systems were examined, and their current data were revealed. The study aims to reveal the sustainability of a historical building located in an important historical city in Turkey according to criteria of the determined certification system. For this aim, the Old Government House in Mardin was discussed as a study area. The historical features of the building and plan features were included in the study area. In the findings of the study, the features of the historical building were determined according to the criteria of certification systems. In the evaluation of the features revealed, suggestions were made especially for the use of energy and water. At this point, to use simple renewable energy sources and systems will support the efficient and recycling of water in the building. This situation will contribute to the sustainable use of the faculty to a great extent. As a result, the sustainable preservation of historical buildings can be achieved in the long term by producing its own energy and using recyclable systems.
{"title":"Investigation of building certification systems in terms of sustainable preservation: the case of Mardin city in Turkey","authors":"Izzettin Kutlu, İrem Bekar","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2301.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.17","url":null,"abstract":"The global threats that arise due to the changing needs as a result of the advancement of technology cause the rapid depletion of natural resources. This situation necessitates studies to protect resources and reduce energy consumption. Recent studies have particularly emphasized the concept of “sustainability”. Today, as a result of the emergence of sustainability in buildings, certification systems have been developed in which the features of buildings are revealed. In this study, 4 certificate systems frequently used in different countries were discussed. First of all, these systems were examined, and their current data were revealed. The study aims to reveal the sustainability of a historical building located in an important historical city in Turkey according to criteria of the determined certification system. For this aim, the Old Government House in Mardin was discussed as a study area. The historical features of the building and plan features were included in the study area. In the findings of the study, the features of the historical building were determined according to the criteria of certification systems. In the evaluation of the features revealed, suggestions were made especially for the use of energy and water. At this point, to use simple renewable energy sources and systems will support the efficient and recycling of water in the building. This situation will contribute to the sustainable use of the faculty to a great extent. As a result, the sustainable preservation of historical buildings can be achieved in the long term by producing its own energy and using recyclable systems.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42326123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2301.12
K. Mahboob, R. Asif, N. G. Haider
Accurate prediction of students' academic performance is one of the challenges in maintaining quality standards in any Higher Education Institution (H.E.I.). To ensure the quality of teaching and learning, H.E.I.s often employ Self-Assessment Reports (S.A.R.s) in which identifying a student drop-out ratio is important. Hence, it is essential to identify at-risk students in a given academic program. This article aims to identify at-risk students early by proposing a data mining-based predictive framework to improve the student's learning experience and minimize the dropped-out ratio. The academic sub-attributes or indicators in each course that may affect the performance of students in higher education institutions used in this study to examine students' academic achievement and predict students' performance to distinguish at-risk students are the marks of assignments, mid-term, lab exams, semester marks, total, grade, grade point (G.P.), quality point (Q.P.), grade point average (G.P.A.), and credit hours data of multiple courses categorized according to three knowledge areas defined by Higher Education Commission (H.E.C), Pakistan using data mining predictive techniques. The results indicate that the proposed methods can achieve maximum accuracy in predicting and identifying at-risk students in different courses.
{"title":"Quality enhancement at higher education institutions by early identifying students at risk using data mining","authors":"K. Mahboob, R. Asif, N. G. Haider","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2301.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.12","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate prediction of students' academic performance is one of the challenges in maintaining quality standards in any Higher Education Institution (H.E.I.). To ensure the quality of teaching and learning, H.E.I.s often employ Self-Assessment Reports (S.A.R.s) in which identifying a student drop-out ratio is important. Hence, it is essential to identify at-risk students in a given academic program. This article aims to identify at-risk students early by proposing a data mining-based predictive framework to improve the student's learning experience and minimize the dropped-out ratio. The academic sub-attributes or indicators in each course that may affect the performance of students in higher education institutions used in this study to examine students' academic achievement and predict students' performance to distinguish at-risk students are the marks of assignments, mid-term, lab exams, semester marks, total, grade, grade point (G.P.), quality point (Q.P.), grade point average (G.P.A.), and credit hours data of multiple courses categorized according to three knowledge areas defined by Higher Education Commission (H.E.C), Pakistan using data mining predictive techniques. The results indicate that the proposed methods can achieve maximum accuracy in predicting and identifying at-risk students in different courses.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2301.05
Muhammad Umer Shan, Salman Hussain
In a contemporary era, Additive Manufacturing (AM), 3D printing or rapid prototyping has evolved as a distinctive method when compared with the traditional manufacturing. By addressing the topic of Design for Additive Manufacturing (DFAM), it is observed that the basic principles of DFAM and Design for Assembly (DFA) are well established and usually applicable on small-size AM parts. To address this critical manufacturing decision, our research work presents a new decision support system (DSS) for a large-size AM part which is based on compiling the existing DFAM methodologies. Before presenting the new DSS, the previous DFAM approaches are reviewed and investigated the research trends in part decomposition (PD), part consolidation (PC), and topology optimization (TO). The literature is categorized into six distinctive categories and among them the first phase is the information phase. Following this information requisite step, the next phase is parameter assessment phase and so on. The new DSS starts with the clarification of the design goal while in previous approaches this step was usually done at the later stages. Similarly, the remaining steps are efficiently integrated into the framework structure. The developed system is also guiding the post-decomposition assembly process. The developed DSS is validated using the case study of a 6-axis robotic arm. Moreover, a comprehensive concept for using the developed DSS framework is also presented in the research work.
{"title":"Design for assembly approach for additive manufacturing products: a decision support system for large-size AM products","authors":"Muhammad Umer Shan, Salman Hussain","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2301.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.05","url":null,"abstract":"In a contemporary era, Additive Manufacturing (AM), 3D printing or rapid prototyping has evolved as a distinctive method when compared with the traditional manufacturing. By addressing the topic of Design for Additive Manufacturing (DFAM), it is observed that the basic principles of DFAM and Design for Assembly (DFA) are well established and usually applicable on small-size AM parts. To address this critical manufacturing decision, our research work presents a new decision support system (DSS) for a large-size AM part which is based on compiling the existing DFAM methodologies. Before presenting the new DSS, the previous DFAM approaches are reviewed and investigated the research trends in part decomposition (PD), part consolidation (PC), and topology optimization (TO). The literature is categorized into six distinctive categories and among them the first phase is the information phase. Following this information requisite step, the next phase is parameter assessment phase and so on. The new DSS starts with the clarification of the design goal while in previous approaches this step was usually done at the later stages. Similarly, the remaining steps are efficiently integrated into the framework structure. The developed system is also guiding the post-decomposition assembly process. The developed DSS is validated using the case study of a 6-axis robotic arm. Moreover, a comprehensive concept for using the developed DSS framework is also presented in the research work.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45270683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2301.19
Murali Krishna Enduri, A. Sangi, Satish Anamalamudi, Ramanadham Chandu Badrinath Manikanta, Kallam Yogeshvar Reddy, Panchumarthi Lovely Yeswanth, Suda Kiran Sai Reddy, Gogineni Asish Karthikeya
With the advancement of the Internet and the world wide web (WWW), it is observed that there is an exponential growth of data and information across the internet. In addition, there is a huge growth in digital or textual data generation. This is because users post the reply comments in social media websites based on the experiences about an event or product. Furthermore, people are interested to know whether the majority of potential buyers will have a positive or negative experience on the event or the product. This kind of classification in general can be attained through Sentiment Analysis which inputs unstructured text comments about the product reviews, events, etc., from all the reviews or comments posted by users. This further classifies the data into different categories namely positive, negative or neutral opinions. Sentiment analysis can be performed by different machine learning models like CNN, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, XgBoost, Logistic Regression etc. The proposed work is compared with the existing solutions in terms of different performance metrics and XgBoost outperforms out of all other methods.
{"title":"Comparative study on sentimental analysis using machine learning techniques","authors":"Murali Krishna Enduri, A. Sangi, Satish Anamalamudi, Ramanadham Chandu Badrinath Manikanta, Kallam Yogeshvar Reddy, Panchumarthi Lovely Yeswanth, Suda Kiran Sai Reddy, Gogineni Asish Karthikeya","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2301.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.19","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of the Internet and the world wide web (WWW), it is observed that there is an exponential growth of data and information across the internet. In addition, there is a huge growth in digital or textual data generation. This is because users post the reply comments in social media websites based on the experiences about an event or product. Furthermore, people are interested to know whether the majority of potential buyers will have a positive or negative experience on the event or the product. This kind of classification in general can be attained through Sentiment Analysis which inputs unstructured text comments about the product reviews, events, etc., from all the reviews or comments posted by users. This further classifies the data into different categories namely positive, negative or neutral opinions. Sentiment analysis can be performed by different machine learning models like CNN, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, XgBoost, Logistic Regression etc. The proposed work is compared with the existing solutions in terms of different performance metrics and XgBoost outperforms out of all other methods.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42877128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2301.04
A. Araoyinbo
Mild steel is widely used in the engineering field because of its low carbon content that is often ductile and machinable. However, mild steel despite its hardness properties when exposed to corrosion mediums easily corrodes. This study investigates the effect of mild steel quenching after different heat treatment procedures and later exposed to corrosion environment (sodium chloride solution) to observe the corrosion behaviour of the metal. The mild steel samples were cut into dimensions of 75 mm x 25 mm x 4.5 mm and heat treated at temperatures of 100 ° C, 300 ° C, and 500 ° C, and quenched in both water and oil mediums. The temperature applied to the mild steel is expected to produce a phase structure in the pearlite region, and thereby improving its properties. The quenching medium influenced the microstructure of the mild steel, the hardness values as well as the corrosion resistant capabilities of the metal. The mechanical properties were tested using ultimate testing machine and Rockwell hardness Tester. Data obtained from this research, shows that the samples heat treated, water, and oil quenched all showed improved properties. It was observed that the percentage elongation for oil quenched at 100 °C, 300 °C, and 500 °C is 18.5 %, 14.1 %, and 12.4 % which is higher than water quenched which recorded 16.7 %, 12.3 %, and 9.8 % but the reverse was the results obtained for the other mechanical properties. The optical microscopy was used to observe surface morphology when the surface is exposed to the corrosion medium. It was observed that the oil quenched samples experience the lowest weight loss when compared to water quenched samples, and the as received sample had the highest weight loss. This shows that heat treatment and quenching provides some form of protection for the mild steel samples.
软钢由于其低碳含量，通常具有延展性和可加工性，在工程领域中得到了广泛应用。然而，尽管软钢具有硬度特性，但当暴露在腐蚀介质中时，它很容易腐蚀。本研究调查了低碳钢在不同热处理程序后淬火以及随后暴露在腐蚀环境（氯化钠溶液）中的影响，以观察金属的腐蚀行为。低碳钢样品被切割成75 mm x 25 mm x 4.5 mm的尺寸，并在100°C、300°C和500°C的温度下进行热处理，并在水和油介质中淬火。施加在软钢上的温度预计会在珠光体区域产生相结构，从而改善其性能。淬火介质影响低碳钢的微观结构、硬度值以及金属的耐腐蚀能力。采用极限试验机和洛氏硬度计对其力学性能进行了测试。从这项研究中获得的数据表明，热处理、水和油淬火的样品都显示出改善的性能。观察到，在100°C、300°C和500°C下油淬火的伸长率分别为18.5%、14.1%和12.4%，高于水淬火的16.7%、12.3%和9.8%，但其他机械性能的结果相反。当表面暴露于腐蚀介质时，使用光学显微镜观察表面形态。观察到，与水淬火的样品相比，油淬火的样品经历最低的重量损失，并且收到的样品具有最高的重量损失。这表明热处理和淬火为低碳钢样品提供了某种形式的保护。
{"title":"Low temperature heat treatment of steel and the effect of quenching on the strength and oxidation behaviour","authors":"A. Araoyinbo","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2301.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.04","url":null,"abstract":"Mild steel is widely used in the engineering field because of its low carbon content that is often ductile and machinable. However, mild steel despite its hardness properties when exposed to corrosion mediums easily corrodes. This study investigates the effect of mild steel quenching after different heat treatment procedures and later exposed to corrosion environment (sodium chloride solution) to observe the corrosion behaviour of the metal. The mild steel samples were cut into dimensions of 75 mm x 25 mm x 4.5 mm and heat treated at temperatures of 100 ° C, 300 ° C, and 500 ° C, and quenched in both water and oil mediums. The temperature applied to the mild steel is expected to produce a phase structure in the pearlite region, and thereby improving its properties. The quenching medium influenced the microstructure of the mild steel, the hardness values as well as the corrosion resistant capabilities of the metal. The mechanical properties were tested using ultimate testing machine and Rockwell hardness Tester. Data obtained from this research, shows that the samples heat treated, water, and oil quenched all showed improved properties. It was observed that the percentage elongation for oil quenched at 100 °C, 300 °C, and 500 °C is 18.5 %, 14.1 %, and 12.4 % which is higher than water quenched which recorded 16.7 %, 12.3 %, and 9.8 % but the reverse was the results obtained for the other mechanical properties. The optical microscopy was used to observe surface morphology when the surface is exposed to the corrosion medium. It was observed that the oil quenched samples experience the lowest weight loss when compared to water quenched samples, and the as received sample had the highest weight loss. This shows that heat treatment and quenching provides some form of protection for the mild steel samples.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41543934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2301.11
Sohrab Khan, R. Umer, Noor Uddin, Jan Muhammad, Noor Ahmed
Trust is an important determinant towards individuals’ acceptance to use social media for e-government services. However, despite of its growing importance there is a dearth of prior research to investigate the antecedents that can develop individuals’ trust for the usage of social media as a technology platform for e-government services. To address this gap, this paper aims to identify those factors that can affect individuals trust in using social media for e-government services. This paper proposes a new model that identifies trust enabling factors to use government social media services from multiple perspectives which are: individual characteristics, government factors, risk factors and social media characteristics. The findings of this paper can be useful for government organizations in assisting them to develop appropriate strategies for enhancing citizens trust towards such services.
{"title":"Identifying the factors affecting individuals’ trust to use social media for e-government services: a conceptual model","authors":"Sohrab Khan, R. Umer, Noor Uddin, Jan Muhammad, Noor Ahmed","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2301.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.11","url":null,"abstract":"Trust is an important determinant towards individuals’ acceptance to use social media for e-government services. However, despite of its growing importance there is a dearth of prior research to investigate the antecedents that can develop individuals’ trust for the usage of social media as a technology platform for e-government services. To address this gap, this paper aims to identify those factors that can affect individuals trust in using social media for e-government services. This paper proposes a new model that identifies trust enabling factors to use government social media services from multiple perspectives which are: individual characteristics, government factors, risk factors and social media characteristics. The findings of this paper can be useful for government organizations in assisting them to develop appropriate strategies for enhancing citizens trust towards such services.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49029809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2301.13
S. Siddiqui, A. Khan, S. Ghani
Over the past two decades, hundreds of protocols have been developed for diversified applications of WSN corresponding to different layers in the communication stack. Among these, Media Access Control (MAC) layer protocols are of great interest due to providing possibility of optimizing performance parameters. Despite availability of a large number of survey articles, there remains a gap for a tutorial that offers guidelines about the development process of MAC protocol. In this paper, we present a detailed tutorial for developing a MAC protocol starting from the stage of research gap identification and ending at the performance evaluation. We described the journey of development and implementation of a novel asynchronous MAC protocol ADP-MAC (Adaptive and Dynamic Polling MAC) as a case study. ADP-MAC was developed by deploying a novel concept of channel polling interval distributions, and was compared against Synchronized Channel Polling- MAC (SCP-MAC) and lightweight Traffic Auto-Adaptation based MAC (T-AAD). Finally, we proposed major milestones of protocol development along with recommendations about publishing the research.
{"title":"A roadmap to developing energy-efficient MAC protocol in wireless sensor networks: a case of ADP-MAC development and implementation","authors":"S. Siddiqui, A. Khan, S. Ghani","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2301.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.13","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, hundreds of protocols have been developed for diversified applications of WSN corresponding to different layers in the communication stack. Among these, Media Access Control (MAC) layer protocols are of great interest due to providing possibility of optimizing performance parameters. Despite availability of a large number of survey articles, there remains a gap for a tutorial that offers guidelines about the development process of MAC protocol. In this paper, we present a detailed tutorial for developing a MAC protocol starting from the stage of research gap identification and ending at the performance evaluation. We described the journey of development and implementation of a novel asynchronous MAC protocol ADP-MAC (Adaptive and Dynamic Polling MAC) as a case study. ADP-MAC was developed by deploying a novel concept of channel polling interval distributions, and was compared against Synchronized Channel Polling- MAC (SCP-MAC) and lightweight Traffic Auto-Adaptation based MAC (T-AAD). Finally, we proposed major milestones of protocol development along with recommendations about publishing the research.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45913042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2301.20
Dhanik Vikrant, A. Saand, Noman Irshad, Dileep Kumar
In this research study, the mechanical characteristics of concrete were investigated by substituting desert sand as fine aggregate. Desert sand obtained from Tharparkar was used in five different proportions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100 %,). Several tests were carried out to understand the behaviour of concrete made with desert sand as a fine aggregate substitute including those for gradation, chemical composition, slump, density, water absorption, and compressive and tensile splitting tests. The grain size distribution analysis of desert sand revealed that it contains particles with a size of 0.45 mm, and the water absorption of desert sand concrete was found to be 1% higher, whereas workability fell by 6%. The compressive and tensile strength of a concrete mixture containing 75% desert sand was found to be 9.5% and 16.4% respectively higher than nominal concrete made with hill sand, and the average strength rise was on 3.5% and 2% respectively. Substitution beyond 75% was not given desirable results due to the fineness of desert sand. All the test results show that 75% substitution of desert sand as fine aggregate can be used in concrete production under designed concrete standards.
{"title":"Mechanical properties of concrete by replacement of fine aggregate with desert sand","authors":"Dhanik Vikrant, A. Saand, Noman Irshad, Dileep Kumar","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2301.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.20","url":null,"abstract":"In this research study, the mechanical characteristics of concrete were investigated by substituting desert sand as fine aggregate. Desert sand obtained from Tharparkar was used in five different proportions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100 %,). Several tests were carried out to understand the behaviour of concrete made with desert sand as a fine aggregate substitute including those for gradation, chemical composition, slump, density, water absorption, and compressive and tensile splitting tests. The grain size distribution analysis of desert sand revealed that it contains particles with a size of 0.45 mm, and the water absorption of desert sand concrete was found to be 1% higher, whereas workability fell by 6%. The compressive and tensile strength of a concrete mixture containing 75% desert sand was found to be 9.5% and 16.4% respectively higher than nominal concrete made with hill sand, and the average strength rise was on 3.5% and 2% respectively. Substitution beyond 75% was not given desirable results due to the fineness of desert sand. All the test results show that 75% substitution of desert sand as fine aggregate can be used in concrete production under designed concrete standards.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45703551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2301.15
H. Abro, M. M. Shaikh
A new family of iterative methods with a strong converging order of twenty to solve nonlinear equations and systems is presented in this study. A simple strategy of blending some existing methods is used to develop the proposed family. The theoretical order of convergence is derived by employing Taylor’s series. The performance of the iterative methods in the proposed family is examined by applying the methods on real-world engineering problems. A nonlinear equation modeled by NASA for launching “Wind” satellite and some other complex applied systems, such as combustion problem, tank-reactor problem, kinematic synthesis mechanism, neurophysiology application and one boundary-value problem, have been solved to check the performance of the proposed family against other methods under similar test conditions. All the numerical results show that the proposed family converges very fast in complex and difficult problems as compared to other well-known methods. The methods in the proposed family have an efficiency improvement of 11.99% over the classical Newton method for scalar nonlinear equations.
{"title":"A new family of twentieth order convergent methods with applications to nonlinear systems in engineering","authors":"H. Abro, M. M. Shaikh","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2301.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.15","url":null,"abstract":"A new family of iterative methods with a strong converging order of twenty to solve nonlinear equations and systems is presented in this study. A simple strategy of blending some existing methods is used to develop the proposed family. The theoretical order of convergence is derived by employing Taylor’s series. The performance of the iterative methods in the proposed family is examined by applying the methods on real-world engineering problems. A nonlinear equation modeled by NASA for launching “Wind” satellite and some other complex applied systems, such as combustion problem, tank-reactor problem, kinematic synthesis mechanism, neurophysiology application and one boundary-value problem, have been solved to check the performance of the proposed family against other methods under similar test conditions. All the numerical results show that the proposed family converges very fast in complex and difficult problems as compared to other well-known methods. The methods in the proposed family have an efficiency improvement of 11.99% over the classical Newton method for scalar nonlinear equations.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47062948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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