Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2302.06
Ubaid Ullah, Mohsin Amin, P. Seung
Emergency departments are the doorstep of any hospital and designed in different plan types due to a multiplicity of factors. As treatment follows a specific medical pattern according to established SOPs, therefore the spatial configuration needs to respond to that pattern. this paper objectively analyzed the three basic plan types of the emergency department for its spatial configuration using space syntax and users' responses. The results of this study demonstrate that the three basic plan types of emergency departments follow a consistence configurational pattern in their syntactic values despite different layout patterns. All three types exhibit not only a very similar space link ratios, integration, and difference factor (DF) but also the internal integration of the order clinical spaces in a consistence way. The results were cross-validated through users' responses for the required spatial pattern through closed-ended structured questionaries. The results of this study may provide a baseline for the objective evaluation of the emergency department in the future.
{"title":"An objective evaluation of emergency plan types using space syntax and users’ responses","authors":"Ubaid Ullah, Mohsin Amin, P. Seung","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2302.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2302.06","url":null,"abstract":"Emergency departments are the doorstep of any hospital and designed in different plan types due to a multiplicity of factors. As treatment follows a specific medical pattern according to established SOPs, therefore the spatial configuration needs to respond to that pattern. this paper objectively analyzed the three basic plan types of the emergency department for its spatial configuration using space syntax and users' responses. The results of this study demonstrate that the three basic plan types of emergency departments follow a consistence configurational pattern in their syntactic values despite different layout patterns. All three types exhibit not only a very similar space link ratios, integration, and difference factor (DF) but also the internal integration of the order clinical spaces in a consistence way. The results were cross-validated through users' responses for the required spatial pattern through closed-ended structured questionaries. The results of this study may provide a baseline for the objective evaluation of the emergency department in the future.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43786260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2302.05
M. Awais, Muhammad Rehan, S. Ahn, Kyungsoo Kim, J. Gwak, Kim Kihwan, SeJin Ahn, Young-Joo Eo
In this study, a photovoltaic system with RETScreen software is simulated to see its economic and environmental feasibility in the one of the remote locations in Pakistan. Our proposed photovoltaics power system is installed south Asia: particularly, Pakistan which receives a high amount of solar irradiance throughout the year. The proposed location has an electricity demand of 28.70 MWh/month, and our simulated PV system generates 31 MWh/month which is more than the amount of required electricity demand. The 25 years long life project will have energy payback time of 7.4 years and the net greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction will be 3,942 tCO2 for the whole project life. These results summarize that installation of this solar power system is not only economically feasible, but also reduces the emission of greenhouse gases in that selected location.
{"title":"Assessment for the installation of a solar PV system in Pakistan for a sustainable environmental and economic development","authors":"M. Awais, Muhammad Rehan, S. Ahn, Kyungsoo Kim, J. Gwak, Kim Kihwan, SeJin Ahn, Young-Joo Eo","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2302.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2302.05","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a photovoltaic system with RETScreen software is simulated to see its economic and environmental feasibility in the one of the remote locations in Pakistan. Our proposed photovoltaics power system is installed south Asia: particularly, Pakistan which receives a high amount of solar irradiance throughout the year. The proposed location has an electricity demand of 28.70 MWh/month, and our simulated PV system generates 31 MWh/month which is more than the amount of required electricity demand. The 25 years long life project will have energy payback time of 7.4 years and the net greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction will be 3,942 tCO2 for the whole project life. These results summarize that installation of this solar power system is not only economically feasible, but also reduces the emission of greenhouse gases in that selected location.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44855118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2302.01
F. Shaikh, I. Chandio, Z. Mahmood, Atrooba Nayab, F. Ahmed
Plastic consumption is continuously increasing due to urbanization and growing global demand. The consumption of plastic deteriorates the quality of the urban environment of most cities, especially in developing countries. To overcome this issue to some extent, this study was conducted to prevent the usage of plastic products to provide a healthy environment. The data was collected by using the closed-ended questionnaire survey and by reviewing the literature. The collected data were assessed and analyzed on SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. The survey observed that there is no proper plastic waste disposal system in the study area. People who reside in the area and those who visit the market face an unhygienic environment. The results highlighted that 50% to 60% of residents use plastic items which are dumped at open spaces without proper management after their consumption. This study suggests short-term, mid-term and long-term mitigation measures to reduce the production by using bio-based plastic and consumption by reducing the unnecessary packaging of plastic waste.
{"title":"Plastic waste management: case study of tower market, Hyderabad","authors":"F. Shaikh, I. Chandio, Z. Mahmood, Atrooba Nayab, F. Ahmed","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2302.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2302.01","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic consumption is continuously increasing due to urbanization and growing global demand. The consumption of plastic deteriorates the quality of the urban environment of most cities, especially in developing countries. To overcome this issue to some extent, this study was conducted to prevent the usage of plastic products to provide a healthy environment. The data was collected by using the closed-ended questionnaire survey and by reviewing the literature. The collected data were assessed and analyzed on SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. The survey observed that there is no proper plastic waste disposal system in the study area. People who reside in the area and those who visit the market face an unhygienic environment. The results highlighted that 50% to 60% of residents use plastic items which are dumped at open spaces without proper management after their consumption. This study suggests short-term, mid-term and long-term mitigation measures to reduce the production by using bio-based plastic and consumption by reducing the unnecessary packaging of plastic waste.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44732148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2302.04
Syed Akbar Raza Shirazi, Sania Shamim, Abdul Hannan Khan, Aqsa Anwar
The number of internet users and network services is increasing rapidly in the recent decade gradually. A Large volume of data is produced and transmitted over the network. Number of security threats to the network has also been increased. Although there are many machine learning approaches and methods are used in intrusion detection systems to detect the attacks, but generally they are not efficient for large datasets and real time detection. Machine learning classifiers using all features of datasets minimized the accuracy of detection for classifier. A reduced feature selection technique that selects the most relevant features to detect the attack with ML approach has been used to obtain higher accuracy. In this paper, we used recursive feature elimination technique and selected more relevant features with machine learning approaches for big data to meet the challenge of detecting the attack. We applied this technique and classifier to NSL KDD dataset. Results showed that selecting all features for detection can maximize the complexity in the context of large data and performance of classifier can be increased by feature selection best in terms of efficiency and accuracy.
{"title":"Intrusion detection using decision tree classifier with feature reduction technique","authors":"Syed Akbar Raza Shirazi, Sania Shamim, Abdul Hannan Khan, Aqsa Anwar","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2302.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2302.04","url":null,"abstract":"The number of internet users and network services is increasing rapidly in the recent decade gradually. A Large volume of data is produced and transmitted over the network. Number of security threats to the network has also been increased. Although there are many machine learning approaches and methods are used in intrusion detection systems to detect the attacks, but generally they are not efficient for large datasets and real time detection. Machine learning classifiers using all features of datasets minimized the accuracy of detection for classifier. A reduced feature selection technique that selects the most relevant features to detect the attack with ML approach has been used to obtain higher accuracy. In this paper, we used recursive feature elimination technique and selected more relevant features with machine learning approaches for big data to meet the challenge of detecting the attack. We applied this technique and classifier to NSL KDD dataset. Results showed that selecting all features for detection can maximize the complexity in the context of large data and performance of classifier can be increased by feature selection best in terms of efficiency and accuracy.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42394222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2302.02
Bilawal Rehman, A. Rehman, W. Khan, Jan Muhammad, Syed Mudassir Hussain
This paper aims at investigating the direct current interaction between various converters of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) system, which lie in close electric proximity within the multi-infeed configuration. The interaction between converters in multi-infeed DC system are highly possible events which need to be evaluated in order to avoid the adverse operational results. The various indices such as multi-infeed interaction factor (MIIF) considering AC busbar voltages, local and concurrent commutation failures (CF) in converter stations under different AC disturbances, influence of AC system’s strength on fault recovery time (FRT), transient over-voltage (TOV) under permanent DC faults, voltage and power stability of multi-infeed DC system are comprehensively illustrated in literatures. However, there is lack of literature regarding the investigation of current interaction in multi-infeed DC system. Therefore, in this paper, a power flow approach is adopted to estimate the inter converter direct current interaction. An index, multi-infeed current interaction factor (MICIF) is proposed that can effectively depicts the interaction between converters. The MICIF index is verified through electromagnetic transient simulations of dual infeed HVDC system developed in PSCAD/EMTDC. The results show that MICIF index can accurately assess the interaction between different converter stations of HVDC system under steady and transient states.
{"title":"Estimation of multi-infeed HVDC inter converter direct current interaction in close electric proximity","authors":"Bilawal Rehman, A. Rehman, W. Khan, Jan Muhammad, Syed Mudassir Hussain","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2302.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2302.02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at investigating the direct current interaction between various converters of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) system, which lie in close electric proximity within the multi-infeed configuration. The interaction between converters in multi-infeed DC system are highly possible events which need to be evaluated in order to avoid the adverse operational results. The various indices such as multi-infeed interaction factor (MIIF) considering AC busbar voltages, local and concurrent commutation failures (CF) in converter stations under different AC disturbances, influence of AC system’s strength on fault recovery time (FRT), transient over-voltage (TOV) under permanent DC faults, voltage and power stability of multi-infeed DC system are comprehensively illustrated in literatures. However, there is lack of literature regarding the investigation of current interaction in multi-infeed DC system. Therefore, in this paper, a power flow approach is adopted to estimate the inter converter direct current interaction. An index, multi-infeed current interaction factor (MICIF) is proposed that can effectively depicts the interaction between converters. The MICIF index is verified through electromagnetic transient simulations of dual infeed HVDC system developed in PSCAD/EMTDC. The results show that MICIF index can accurately assess the interaction between different converter stations of HVDC system under steady and transient states.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42039825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant diseases have turned into a dilemma as it can cause significant reduction in both quality and quantity of agricultural products. To overcome that loss, we implemented a computer vision based real time system that can identify the type of plant diseases. Computer vision-based applications are computationally intensive and time consuming, so FPGA-based implementation is proposed to have a real time identification of plant diseases. In this paper an image processing algorithm is proposed for identifying two types of disease in Potato leaves. The proposed algorithm works well on images taken under different luminance conditions. The hardware/software-based implementation of the proposed algorithm is done on Xilinx ZYNQ SoC FPGA. Results show that our proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of up to 90%, whereas the hardware implementation takes 0.095 seconds achieving a performance gain of 76.8 times as compared to the software implementation.
{"title":"Real time vision-based implementation of plant disease identification system on FPGA","authors":"Junaid Ahmed, Syed Azhar Ali Zaidi, Sumair Aziz, Aamir Rashid, Shafiq Haider","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2302.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2302.03","url":null,"abstract":"Plant diseases have turned into a dilemma as it can cause significant reduction in both quality and quantity of agricultural products. To overcome that loss, we implemented a computer vision based real time system that can identify the type of plant diseases. Computer vision-based applications are computationally intensive and time consuming, so FPGA-based implementation is proposed to have a real time identification of plant diseases. In this paper an image processing algorithm is proposed for identifying two types of disease in Potato leaves. The proposed algorithm works well on images taken under different luminance conditions. The hardware/software-based implementation of the proposed algorithm is done on Xilinx ZYNQ SoC FPGA. Results show that our proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of up to 90%, whereas the hardware implementation takes 0.095 seconds achieving a performance gain of 76.8 times as compared to the software implementation.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43024619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2204.18
Awais Iftikhar, Fahad Masood, Arbab Wajid Ullah
Wireless Body area network (WBAN) has become an area of special interest for the researchers due to its vast applications in the medical field. The major components of WBAN are sensors and gateway where sensors are responsible for collecting and transmitting physical and biological status of human body. The gateway is responsible for linking sensors with any external server for valuable output. As it has been always challenging to enhance network performance, energy efficiency, higher throughput and longer stability time in WBAN. To overcome such issues many routing protocols initiated, SIMPLE protocol is one of them. Till now there are 6 cost functions modified from the SIMPLE Protocol, It is also challenging to tell which one has the better ability to work well under certain condition. In this paper, we have compared and analyzed all the cumulative CF’s of SIMPLE protocol for the following parameters, a) throughput, b) packet sent to the sink, c) packet drop, d) packet received at the sink, e) residual energy, f) path loss and e) delay. The simulations are performed for the rounds ranges from 0-8000 in MATLAB simulator. The efficient cost function is also categorized on the basis of electing the parent node to measure the performance.
{"title":"Analyzing and reviewing cumulative cost functions of simple protocol in wireless body area network","authors":"Awais Iftikhar, Fahad Masood, Arbab Wajid Ullah","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2204.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2204.18","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Body area network (WBAN) has become an area of special interest for the researchers due to its vast applications in the medical field. The major components of WBAN are sensors and gateway where sensors are responsible for collecting and transmitting physical and biological status of human body. The gateway is responsible for linking sensors with any external server for valuable output. As it has been always challenging to enhance network performance, energy efficiency, higher throughput and longer stability time in WBAN. To overcome such issues many routing protocols initiated, SIMPLE protocol is one of them. Till now there are 6 cost functions modified from the SIMPLE Protocol, It is also challenging to tell which one has the better ability to work well under certain condition. In this paper, we have compared and analyzed all the cumulative CF’s of SIMPLE protocol for the following parameters, a) throughput, b) packet sent to the sink, c) packet drop, d) packet received at the sink, e) residual energy, f) path loss and e) delay. The simulations are performed for the rounds ranges from 0-8000 in MATLAB simulator. The efficient cost function is also categorized on the basis of electing the parent node to measure the performance.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43423771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2204.17
Saqib Ali, Shahbaz Ali, Ali Muneer, M. Qazi, Khurshaid Ahmmad Karloo
Electric vehicles (EVs) are a very essential part of the automobile industry and play a vital role in the development of the economy of a country. Due to their eco-friendly nature and lower operating cost, EVs have acquired great attention globally. Almost all leading automobile manufacturers are developing cost-efficient EVs. However, with the increase in the number of EVs day by day, the need for efficient charging stations to deliver economical charging needs to be developed. To charge these EVs from the conventional grids is an additional burden on these grids as more electricity will be required to charge these EVs, which may result in incremental energy production as well as the energy cost for the general consumers. These days, increasing the number of EVs can bring sustainability problems in Pakistan as the considered country already facing the worst electrical energy crisis in the last ten years. For this purpose, we must require some alternate methods for charging the EVs charging to avoid overloading on existing grids. The use of renewable energy resources (RERs) is an effective solution to tackle this shortage of power. Therefore, in this paper, a cost-effective solution is proposed by hybridizing the different types of RERs to charge the EVs from the charging station. A different combination of RERs is used as case studies for a specific area of Pakistan named Kallar Kahar. Simulation is performed on MATLAB/Simulink and energy cost is being compared for different case studies. The proposed hybrid power system used approximately 50% wind, 40% solar, and 10% biogas as RERs. The results show that case 4 is best among all which provides yearly power production of 375,220 kWh at a net annual cost of 43,174.06$/year while the net annual cost to provide the same power with the grid is 59,304$/year. There is a 1.37% reduction in the overall annual cost of the proposed charging station as compared to the utility grid.
{"title":"Cost-effective analysis of hybrid electric vehicles charging station","authors":"Saqib Ali, Shahbaz Ali, Ali Muneer, M. Qazi, Khurshaid Ahmmad Karloo","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2204.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2204.17","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles (EVs) are a very essential part of the automobile industry and play a vital role in the development of the economy of a country. Due to their eco-friendly nature and lower operating cost, EVs have acquired great attention globally. Almost all leading automobile manufacturers are developing cost-efficient EVs. However, with the increase in the number of EVs day by day, the need for efficient charging stations to deliver economical charging needs to be developed. To charge these EVs from the conventional grids is an additional burden on these grids as more electricity will be required to charge these EVs, which may result in incremental energy production as well as the energy cost for the general consumers. These days, increasing the number of EVs can bring sustainability problems in Pakistan as the considered country already facing the worst electrical energy crisis in the last ten years. For this purpose, we must require some alternate methods for charging the EVs charging to avoid overloading on existing grids. The use of renewable energy resources (RERs) is an effective solution to tackle this shortage of power. Therefore, in this paper, a cost-effective solution is proposed by hybridizing the different types of RERs to charge the EVs from the charging station. A different combination of RERs is used as case studies for a specific area of Pakistan named Kallar Kahar. Simulation is performed on MATLAB/Simulink and energy cost is being compared for different case studies. The proposed hybrid power system used approximately 50% wind, 40% solar, and 10% biogas as RERs. The results show that case 4 is best among all which provides yearly power production of 375,220 kWh at a net annual cost of 43,174.06$/year while the net annual cost to provide the same power with the grid is 59,304$/year. There is a 1.37% reduction in the overall annual cost of the proposed charging station as compared to the utility grid.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49458617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2204.16
Saqib Ali, A. Muneer
Stand-alone hydropower plant is a major energy source in grid isolated zone because they do not require dams to be built. In a stand-alone hydropower plant Voltage and frequency, instability is caused by the load variation. This can cause the alternator to spin very quickly or very slowly, causing the induced voltage and output frequency to rise or fall. Furthermore, if the rate of alternator growth is too high or too low, the load appliances connected to the generator can undergo huge damage. For optimal overall performance of a small hydropower plant, generated voltage and frequency must be within the required range. To overcome these issues, a system is discussed in this paper. The proposed system not only stabilizes stand-alone hydropower plant output through an electronic load control system but is also easy and price-effective. Electronic load controller managed small hydro energy generation that takes into vital parameters, i.e, stabilization of both voltage and frequency despite variable consumer load. The presented technique consists of PID and fuzzy logic control system and also a couple of DC motors interconnected with an H-bridge to control the water valve known as a gate. The proposed control system also consists of several dummy loads to dump the extra generated power to keep the output power constant and to overcome frequency variations. For increased efficiency and life span of the generator, dummy loads used are switched only at zero crossings of a sinusoidal signal. The proposed system is implemented on both Simulink/MATLAB and Proteus. The simulation results prove that the presented technique overcomes the challenges of stand-alone hydropower plants.
{"title":"A novel technique for stand-alone hydropower plant","authors":"Saqib Ali, A. Muneer","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2204.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2204.16","url":null,"abstract":"Stand-alone hydropower plant is a major energy source in grid isolated zone because they do not require dams to be built. In a stand-alone hydropower plant Voltage and frequency, instability is caused by the load variation. This can cause the alternator to spin very quickly or very slowly, causing the induced voltage and output frequency to rise or fall. Furthermore, if the rate of alternator growth is too high or too low, the load appliances connected to the generator can undergo huge damage. For optimal overall performance of a small hydropower plant, generated voltage and frequency must be within the required range. To overcome these issues, a system is discussed in this paper. The proposed system not only stabilizes stand-alone hydropower plant output through an electronic load control system but is also easy and price-effective. Electronic load controller managed small hydro energy generation that takes into vital parameters, i.e, stabilization of both voltage and frequency despite variable consumer load. The presented technique consists of PID and fuzzy logic control system and also a couple of DC motors interconnected with an H-bridge to control the water valve known as a gate. The proposed control system also consists of several dummy loads to dump the extra generated power to keep the output power constant and to overcome frequency variations. For increased efficiency and life span of the generator, dummy loads used are switched only at zero crossings of a sinusoidal signal. The proposed system is implemented on both Simulink/MATLAB and Proteus. The simulation results prove that the presented technique overcomes the challenges of stand-alone hydropower plants.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41971425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2204.20
Fatima Hanif, Ahsan Ali
Rainfall-Runoff modeling is among the classical applications of hydrology. This paper examines the results of 3 hydrologic approaches, particularly Clark Model, Nash Model, and Geomorphic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph Model. Assumptions are forwarded for the long run use of the Rawalpindi Division, Pakistan’s Small Dam Organization. The catchment of Shahpur Dam was an area under consideration for the study. The Digital elevation model (DEM) was implicated to measure the Nash and Clark model’s geomorphic parameters. Using ArcGIS, catchment satellite imagery was processed to estimate geomorphological parameters. The models have been applied to multiple storm cases. Geographic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) model gave direct surface runoff hydrograph, whereas, on measured precipitation excess rainfall hyetograph was obtained. Four types of statistical parameters, namely efficiency of the model (EFF), percentage defect in time to attain peak (PETP), percent defect in attained peak Q (PEP), percentage defect in runoff rate (PEV) are used to check model’s efficiency. The comparison is done between the findings of Clark and Nash GIUH models and the original Clark and Nash models. It was observed that GIUH models are equally good even when optimization is done for Clark and Nash model’s parameters. Since the results obtained from these models are more credible, so, these models can be used in ungauged catchments to estimate the hydrographs.
{"title":"Direct runoff hydrograph model’s collation for a Pakistan’s region","authors":"Fatima Hanif, Ahsan Ali","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2204.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2204.20","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall-Runoff modeling is among the classical applications of hydrology. This paper examines the results of 3 hydrologic approaches, particularly Clark Model, Nash Model, and Geomorphic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph Model. Assumptions are forwarded for the long run use of the Rawalpindi Division, Pakistan’s Small Dam Organization. The catchment of Shahpur Dam was an area under consideration for the study. The Digital elevation model (DEM) was implicated to measure the Nash and Clark model’s geomorphic parameters. Using ArcGIS, catchment satellite imagery was processed to estimate geomorphological parameters. The models have been applied to multiple storm cases. Geographic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) model gave direct surface runoff hydrograph, whereas, on measured precipitation excess rainfall hyetograph was obtained. Four types of statistical parameters, namely efficiency of the model (EFF), percentage defect in time to attain peak (PETP), percent defect in attained peak Q (PEP), percentage defect in runoff rate (PEV) are used to check model’s efficiency. The comparison is done between the findings of Clark and Nash GIUH models and the original Clark and Nash models. It was observed that GIUH models are equally good even when optimization is done for Clark and Nash model’s parameters. Since the results obtained from these models are more credible, so, these models can be used in ungauged catchments to estimate the hydrographs.","PeriodicalId":44836,"journal":{"name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41783810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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