Abstract:This essay contrasts the objective approach to environment by European explorers and settlers in Aotearoa New Zealand with the relational orientation of indigenous Māori people. European material "improvement," scientific study, and aesthetic appreciation cohered around a shared ideology of objectivity as part of the larger Romantic-era expansion of imperial capitalism. This subject–object separation contrasts with the relational paradigm of Traditional Ecological Knowledge, in which acts of knowing (re)situate humans within their environments in order to maintain and restore relations. The essay argues for a relational approach to the environmental humanities analogous to the relationality of Traditional Ecological Knowledge.
{"title":"Aotearoa New Zealand, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, and a Relational Method for the Environmental Humanities","authors":"Scott D. Hess","doi":"10.1353/srm.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay contrasts the objective approach to environment by European explorers and settlers in Aotearoa New Zealand with the relational orientation of indigenous Māori people. European material \"improvement,\" scientific study, and aesthetic appreciation cohered around a shared ideology of objectivity as part of the larger Romantic-era expansion of imperial capitalism. This subject–object separation contrasts with the relational paradigm of Traditional Ecological Knowledge, in which acts of knowing (re)situate humans within their environments in order to maintain and restore relations. The essay argues for a relational approach to the environmental humanities analogous to the relationality of Traditional Ecological Knowledge.","PeriodicalId":44848,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47177709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Forster’s voyage around the world (1777/1782) became a classic of early German Romanticism in part because it provided a compendium of novel ecological knowledge. Readers including Goethe and Alexander von Humboldt were captivated by the youthful author’s enthusiastic depiction of sites from the voyage of HMS Resolution (1772–1775), which included numerous scenes of first contact. In 1774, Captain Cook’s ship anchored off several islands in Vanuatu (New Hebrides) and New Caledonia that had not been noted by earlier European voyagers, allowing Forster and his naturalist father, Johann Reinhold, time to investigate the unfamiliar ecologies of these islands. The longest chapter of the Voyage documents their two-week stay on Tanna (Vanuatu). The active volcano on this island offered them the chance to collect more evidence for their evolving hypothesis that all the islands in the South Pacific were of volcanic origin. The island’s people, however, deliberately led them astray each time they sought to approach the smoking crater of Mount Yasur. The Forsters were not happy about this, but their grudging acknowledgment of the indigenous intervention conveys two key points of traditional ecological knowledge concerning the volcano. First, the Tannese had good reasons for respecting the crater of their active volcano. Second, they understood that the same volcano fed the vents appearing elsewhere on the island that the European naturalists were attempting to probe with their trowels and thermometer, warning them that these volcanic vents “would take fire, and resemble the volcano, which they called an assoòr.” Regarding this ecological episode and many others like
乔治·福斯特的环球航行（1777/1782）成为早期德国浪漫主义的经典之作，部分原因是它提供了一本新颖的生态知识简编。歌德（Goethe）和亚历山大·冯·洪堡（Alexander von Humboldt。1774年，库克船长的船停泊在瓦努阿图（新赫布里底群岛）和新喀里多尼亚的几个岛屿上，这些岛屿是早期欧洲旅行者没有注意到的，这让福斯特和他的博物学家父亲约翰·赖因霍尔德有时间调查这些岛屿的陌生生态。航行中最长的一章记录了他们在塔纳（瓦努阿图）停留的两周。这个岛上的活火山为他们提供了收集更多证据的机会，以支持他们不断发展的假设，即南太平洋的所有岛屿都是火山起源的。然而，岛上的人们每次试图接近冒烟的亚速火山口时，都会故意把他们引入歧途。福斯特夫妇对此并不高兴，但他们对土著干预的勉强承认传达了有关火山的传统生态知识的两个关键点。首先，Tannese有充分的理由尊重他们的活火山口。其次，他们了解到，同一座火山为岛上其他地方出现的火山口提供了食物，欧洲博物学家正试图用抹刀和温度计探测这些火山口，并警告他们，这些火山口“会着火，类似于他们称之为assoår的火山。”关于这一生态事件和许多其他类似事件
{"title":"Introduction: Romantic Writing and Ecological Knowledge","authors":"Noah Heringman","doi":"10.1353/srm.2023.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2023.0000","url":null,"abstract":"George Forster’s voyage around the world (1777/1782) became a classic of early German Romanticism in part because it provided a compendium of novel ecological knowledge. Readers including Goethe and Alexander von Humboldt were captivated by the youthful author’s enthusiastic depiction of sites from the voyage of HMS Resolution (1772–1775), which included numerous scenes of first contact. In 1774, Captain Cook’s ship anchored off several islands in Vanuatu (New Hebrides) and New Caledonia that had not been noted by earlier European voyagers, allowing Forster and his naturalist father, Johann Reinhold, time to investigate the unfamiliar ecologies of these islands. The longest chapter of the Voyage documents their two-week stay on Tanna (Vanuatu). The active volcano on this island offered them the chance to collect more evidence for their evolving hypothesis that all the islands in the South Pacific were of volcanic origin. The island’s people, however, deliberately led them astray each time they sought to approach the smoking crater of Mount Yasur. The Forsters were not happy about this, but their grudging acknowledgment of the indigenous intervention conveys two key points of traditional ecological knowledge concerning the volcano. First, the Tannese had good reasons for respecting the crater of their active volcano. Second, they understood that the same volcano fed the vents appearing elsewhere on the island that the European naturalists were attempting to probe with their trowels and thermometer, warning them that these volcanic vents “would take fire, and resemble the volcano, which they called an assoòr.” Regarding this ecological episode and many others like","PeriodicalId":44848,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42902818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain by Alexander von Humboldt (review)","authors":"Alison E. Martin","doi":"10.1353/srm.2023.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2023.0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44848,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47315776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article discusses the benefits to be derived, in Romantic studies, from an intersection of the methods and approaches of geo-criticism and eco-criticism. It stresses the importance of considering the geographical specificities of Romantic-era engagements with ecosystems, and, more precisely, how such engagements were bound up with geo-political and geo-cultural concerns. In particular, the article proposes methodological intersections of geo- and eco-criticism as a means of shedding new light on how Romantic-period representations of Italy problematize the interconnections between the country's highly diverse natural environments and its cultural, political, and economic dimensions.
{"title":"Italy and British Romanticism: Human-Nonhuman Conversations","authors":"Gioia Angeletti, Diego Saglia","doi":"10.1353/srm.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article discusses the benefits to be derived, in Romantic studies, from an intersection of the methods and approaches of geo-criticism and eco-criticism. It stresses the importance of considering the geographical specificities of Romantic-era engagements with ecosystems, and, more precisely, how such engagements were bound up with geo-political and geo-cultural concerns. In particular, the article proposes methodological intersections of geo- and eco-criticism as a means of shedding new light on how Romantic-period representations of Italy problematize the interconnections between the country's highly diverse natural environments and its cultural, political, and economic dimensions.","PeriodicalId":44848,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42944843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article overlays Coleridge's more diagrammatic accounts of river systems with the "Valley Section" created in multiple iterations by the Scottish biologist, sociologist, and urban planner Patrick Geddes (1854–1932). With particular attention to Coleridge's prospectus for "The Brook," his "Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement" (1797), and On the Constitution of Church and State (1829), and to Geddes's co-authored The Coming Polity (1917), it reads both writers' diagrams of coastal watersheds as anticipating current initiatives in bioregionalism and public environmental humanities.
{"title":"Watershed Communities: River Systems in Coleridge and Geddes","authors":"Eric Gidal","doi":"10.1353/srm.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article overlays Coleridge's more diagrammatic accounts of river systems with the \"Valley Section\" created in multiple iterations by the Scottish biologist, sociologist, and urban planner Patrick Geddes (1854–1932). With particular attention to Coleridge's prospectus for \"The Brook,\" his \"Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement\" (1797), and On the Constitution of Church and State (1829), and to Geddes's co-authored The Coming Polity (1917), it reads both writers' diagrams of coastal watersheds as anticipating current initiatives in bioregionalism and public environmental humanities.","PeriodicalId":44848,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41801157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lacan and Romanticism ed. by Daniela Garofalo and David Sigler (review)","authors":"Chris Washington","doi":"10.1353/srm.2022.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2022.0032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44848,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48512743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Partly owing to a near-exclusive reliance on the final edition of 1835, commentary on William Wordsworth’s Guide to the Lakes has overlooked how deeply rooted his notorious tirade against the European larch three is in a local environmental crisis of 1809–10. Specifically, Wordsworth’s denigration of larches is a direct rejoinder to the Bishop of Llandaff’s dogged efforts to cloak the central Lakes in millions of larches in the name of agrarian progress, personal wealth, and national security. As such, the Guide evinces a bygone ethic of conservative conservationism that resists the progressive triumphalism of “improvers” like Llandaff.
摘要:威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)的《湖泊指南》(Guide to the Lakes)几乎完全依赖于1835年的最终版，评论界忽视了他那篇反对欧洲三落叶松的臭名昭著的长篇大论在1809年至1810年当地环境危机中的深刻影响。具体来说，华兹华斯对落叶松的诋毁是对兰达夫主教以农业进步、个人财富和国家安全的名义，用数百万落叶松掩盖中央湖泊的顽强努力的直接回应。因此，《指南》证明了一种过去的保守保守主义伦理，它抵制像兰德夫这样的“改良者”的进步必胜主义。
{"title":"Larches, Llandaff, and Forestry Politics in Wordsworth’s Guide to the Lakes","authors":"Nicholas Mason","doi":"10.1353/srm.2022.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2022.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Partly owing to a near-exclusive reliance on the final edition of 1835, commentary on William Wordsworth’s Guide to the Lakes has overlooked how deeply rooted his notorious tirade against the European larch three is in a local environmental crisis of 1809–10. Specifically, Wordsworth’s denigration of larches is a direct rejoinder to the Bishop of Llandaff’s dogged efforts to cloak the central Lakes in millions of larches in the name of agrarian progress, personal wealth, and national security. As such, the Guide evinces a bygone ethic of conservative conservationism that resists the progressive triumphalism of “improvers” like Llandaff.","PeriodicalId":44848,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48804592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
exorbitant kind of Enlightenment that he stands for, then to point out that Hamann is so uncannily similar to Blake, only to conclude that this shows how useless the categories of “Enlightenment” and “Romanticism” are in the first place looks like a sleight of hand that, in full view, has gone terribly wrong. Hamann and Blake as representatives of “Exorbitant Enlightenment”? No way. This is an extraordinary, in parts even brilliant study when it is committed to “the deep study of primary texts, their historical contexts, and their conceptual import” (28). It fails exactly when it fails to substantiate its claim to show compellingly that, because of some highly interesting currents that connect anti-Enlightenment figures with william Blake, it no longer makes sense to speak of “Enlightenment” or “Romanticism.” That is a claim that is simply—no, not exorbitant, that would be cheap—but simply extravagant. That is the bad news. The good news is that Regier’s second tale by no means follows from his first. Read his study for the sake of the first, the elucidation of a highly fascinating constellation of Anglo-German relations. It is not vitiated by the excessive claims made for the second.
{"title":"Physical Disability in British Romantic Literature by Essaka Joshua (review)","authors":"Emily B. Stanback","doi":"10.1353/srm.2022.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2022.0034","url":null,"abstract":"exorbitant kind of Enlightenment that he stands for, then to point out that Hamann is so uncannily similar to Blake, only to conclude that this shows how useless the categories of “Enlightenment” and “Romanticism” are in the first place looks like a sleight of hand that, in full view, has gone terribly wrong. Hamann and Blake as representatives of “Exorbitant Enlightenment”? No way. This is an extraordinary, in parts even brilliant study when it is committed to “the deep study of primary texts, their historical contexts, and their conceptual import” (28). It fails exactly when it fails to substantiate its claim to show compellingly that, because of some highly interesting currents that connect anti-Enlightenment figures with william Blake, it no longer makes sense to speak of “Enlightenment” or “Romanticism.” That is a claim that is simply—no, not exorbitant, that would be cheap—but simply extravagant. That is the bad news. The good news is that Regier’s second tale by no means follows from his first. Read his study for the sake of the first, the elucidation of a highly fascinating constellation of Anglo-German relations. It is not vitiated by the excessive claims made for the second.","PeriodicalId":44848,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42875412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:At the heart of the eighteenth-century life sciences lay the debate between preformation and epigenesis, two competing theories of generation. This article argues that Blake, incorporating opposing scientific theories into one mythological framework, drew heavily on preformationist ideas and imagery to contrast the eternal forms of spiritual life against material, autopoietic semblances of vitality. For Blake, life was characterised not by generative plasticity but by our inexhaustible capacity for regeneration and rebirth. Ultimately, this article not only situates Blake within a rich tradition of preformationist ideas, but also attempts to re-evaluate contemporary assumptions concerning the Romantic conception of life.
{"title":"Against Self-Organization: Redefining Vitality with William Blake in Jerusalem and The Four Zoas","authors":"Tara Lee","doi":"10.1353/srm.2022.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2022.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:At the heart of the eighteenth-century life sciences lay the debate between preformation and epigenesis, two competing theories of generation. This article argues that Blake, incorporating opposing scientific theories into one mythological framework, drew heavily on preformationist ideas and imagery to contrast the eternal forms of spiritual life against material, autopoietic semblances of vitality. For Blake, life was characterised not by generative plasticity but by our inexhaustible capacity for regeneration and rebirth. Ultimately, this article not only situates Blake within a rich tradition of preformationist ideas, but also attempts to re-evaluate contemporary assumptions concerning the Romantic conception of life.","PeriodicalId":44848,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45256950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
that must be sublimated, might prove non-threatening, according to Gottlieb, and thus, paradoxically, allow for the utopian promise of dystopia. Sigler’s essay, in its reading of the torus in Lacan, exemplifies what the whole collection does best: it mobilizes little-known and understudied Lacanian concepts into enlivening juxtapositions and engagements with a surprising selection of Romantic-era authors and texts. A torus, Sigler relates, is “a hollow tube with a hole in the middle” (think donuts, Homer) and for Lacan “human subjectivity was shaped as a torus” (119, 120). Here is the unexpected enlivening: in The Prelude, Sigler argues, “wordsworth’s relation to his thoughts and memories . . . is actually a torus. A torus maintains a boundary between internal and external space but traverses that boundary as a single surface, much as the speaker’s own feelings can be understood to ‘oppress’ the heart” (120). “In Book I of The Prelude,” as Sigler reads it, “such a process, seen topologically, reveals the function of fantasy in subject formation: fantasy ties the Real to the Imaginary to create, however provisionally, the structural conditions that could accommodate and support the subject’s arrival as an ‘individual’ and socially” (120). Reading tori, however, works on several different levels since Lacan’s “topological work was often staged through a renunciation of poetic language” (120), even as Lacan “warns . . . against any psychoanalysis that does not attend specifically to language and syntax” (123). For Sigler, then, later Lacan does not break from earlier Lacan and his theories, and this “reading across levels,” “enables us . . . to actually analyze metaphor” (132). Enablement of this sort, that is, analyses of metaphor, of the literary and the aesthetic, sends us around the tube of the torus to the inside, as it were, of the volume’s clarion call for a Romantic re-investment in close reading and aesthetic analyses in general rather than the bludgeoning imperative to always historicize that has long had a stranglehold on the field. Much more than a clutch of theoretical studies on a period already largely identified with theory, one even, for a time, identified as theory, the scholars herein impel and enable us to think the tori, to traverse the internal and external of Romanticism and, perhaps unexpectedly, to find new ways to resist the oppressions of the heart.
{"title":"Exorbitant Enlightenment: Blake, Hamann, and Anglo-German Constellations by Alexander Regier (review)","authors":"C. Bode","doi":"10.1353/srm.2022.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2022.0033","url":null,"abstract":"that must be sublimated, might prove non-threatening, according to Gottlieb, and thus, paradoxically, allow for the utopian promise of dystopia. Sigler’s essay, in its reading of the torus in Lacan, exemplifies what the whole collection does best: it mobilizes little-known and understudied Lacanian concepts into enlivening juxtapositions and engagements with a surprising selection of Romantic-era authors and texts. A torus, Sigler relates, is “a hollow tube with a hole in the middle” (think donuts, Homer) and for Lacan “human subjectivity was shaped as a torus” (119, 120). Here is the unexpected enlivening: in The Prelude, Sigler argues, “wordsworth’s relation to his thoughts and memories . . . is actually a torus. A torus maintains a boundary between internal and external space but traverses that boundary as a single surface, much as the speaker’s own feelings can be understood to ‘oppress’ the heart” (120). “In Book I of The Prelude,” as Sigler reads it, “such a process, seen topologically, reveals the function of fantasy in subject formation: fantasy ties the Real to the Imaginary to create, however provisionally, the structural conditions that could accommodate and support the subject’s arrival as an ‘individual’ and socially” (120). Reading tori, however, works on several different levels since Lacan’s “topological work was often staged through a renunciation of poetic language” (120), even as Lacan “warns . . . against any psychoanalysis that does not attend specifically to language and syntax” (123). For Sigler, then, later Lacan does not break from earlier Lacan and his theories, and this “reading across levels,” “enables us . . . to actually analyze metaphor” (132). Enablement of this sort, that is, analyses of metaphor, of the literary and the aesthetic, sends us around the tube of the torus to the inside, as it were, of the volume’s clarion call for a Romantic re-investment in close reading and aesthetic analyses in general rather than the bludgeoning imperative to always historicize that has long had a stranglehold on the field. Much more than a clutch of theoretical studies on a period already largely identified with theory, one even, for a time, identified as theory, the scholars herein impel and enable us to think the tori, to traverse the internal and external of Romanticism and, perhaps unexpectedly, to find new ways to resist the oppressions of the heart.","PeriodicalId":44848,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42898716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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