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PROPHECY, ESCHATOLOGY, GLOBAL NETWORKS, AND THE CRUSADES, FROM HATTIN TO FREDERICK II 预言、末世论、全球网络和十字军东征,从哈廷到弗雷德里克二世
IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/tdo.2022.3
J. Bird
Although interest in the influence of prophecy and eschatology on the crusade movement and on cross-cultural conceptions of righteous conflict has recently revived, to date there has been little consideration of the reception, transmission, and reinterpretation of multifarious prophecies by networks of individuals involved in the promotion of various crusades from roughly 1187 to 1240. This study tracks the circulation, adaptation, and impact of influential prophecies publicized by papal legates, by crusade recruiters trained in Paris, and by their colleagues in the Victorine, Praemonstratensian, and Cistercian orders, culminating in the crusades of Frederick II (1213–1229). Royal, imperial, noble, episcopal, and papal courts, as well as visionaries, regular religious, secular clergy, preachers, and prelates, played key roles in validating and publicizing predictions. The preservation and reinterpretation of prophecies by scholars, clerics, scribes, and historians working across Latin Christendom (and in the wider Mediterranean region and Central Asia) testifies to the cross-cultural transmission and reception of specific prognostications adapted to speak to local needs and concerns and changing circumstances. This article identifies manuscripts of prophecies which circulated both independently and in association with the crusading histories of Jacques de Vitry and Oliver of Paderborn, written during and used for the promotion of Frederick II's crusades. It concludes that prophecies and their promoters played essential roles in facilitating cross-cultural diplomatic negotiations, religious debates and conversion attempts, and in the fostering, contextualization, and commemoration of the act of pious warfare. Functioning as a common language, prophetic and eschatological expectations enabled Muslims, Eastern Christians, Jewish communities, and Latin Christians to justify their theoretical or actual roles on the orbis terrarum and to define and negotiate with other cultures. Moreover, they could be endlessly adapted both to fit and to shape existing past, present, or future circumstances. Prophecy and eschatology were not fringe phenomena or praxes, but presented holistic methods of making sense of and adapting to events and negotiating between one's own and other cultures, methods that both competed with and complemented historical and theological interpretations of the world (and texts) and rational, scientific, and philosophical modes of thought.
虽然对预言和末世论对十字军运动的影响以及正义冲突的跨文化概念的兴趣最近又恢复了,但迄今为止,很少有人考虑从大约1187年到1240年,参与促进各种十字军东征的个人网络对各种预言的接受、传播和重新解释。这项研究追踪了有影响力的预言的传播、改编和影响,这些预言是由教皇使节、在巴黎受过训练的十字军招募者以及他们在维多利亚、Praemonstratensian和西多会修会的同事们公布的,最终在腓特烈二世(1213-1229)的十字军东征中达到顶峰。皇家、帝国、贵族、主教和教皇法庭,以及有远见者、普通宗教、世俗神职人员、传教士和高级神职人员,在证实和宣传预言方面发挥了关键作用。在拉丁基督教界(以及更广泛的地中海地区和中亚)工作的学者、神职人员、抄写员和历史学家对预言的保存和重新解释证明了对特定预言的跨文化传播和接受,这些预言适应了当地的需要和关注,并适应了不断变化的环境。这篇文章确定了预言的手稿,这些手稿既独立流传,也与雅克·德·维特里和帕德博恩的奥利弗的十字军历史有关,这些手稿写于腓特烈二世的十字军东征期间,并被用于宣传。它的结论是,预言及其推动者在促进跨文化外交谈判、宗教辩论和皈依尝试,以及在促进、情境化和纪念虔诚战争行为方面发挥了重要作用。作为一种共同的语言,预言和末世论的期望使穆斯林、东方基督徒、犹太社区和拉丁基督徒能够证明他们在地球轨道上的理论或实际角色,并定义和与其他文化进行谈判。此外,它们可以不断地进行调整,以适应和塑造过去、现在或未来的环境。预言和末世论不是边缘现象或实践,而是提供了理解和适应事件的整体方法,以及在自己和其他文化之间进行协商的方法,这些方法既与对世界(和文本)的历史和神学解释相竞争,又补充了理性、科学和哲学思维模式。
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引用次数: 0
GRIEF, GRIEVING, AND LOSS IN HIGH MEDIEVAL HISTORICAL THOUGHT 中世纪盛期历史思想中的悲伤、悲伤和失落
IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/tdo.2022.8
E. Winkler
This article investigates how and why medieval ecclesiastical writers thought and wrote about experiences of grief in human history. It examines the works of three late twelfth-century Latin writers from England: a foundation history of Waltham Abbey and its holy cross, a series of annals kept by Hugh Candidus at Peterborough, and Gerald of Wales's autobiographical and travel writing alongside his De principis instructione. Drawing on biblical, literary, theological, and iconographic models for grief and suffering in the western Christian tradition, the article situates these works in the exegetical and philosophical ideas they shared, and explains what is original and significant about their approaches to each instance of grief. It argues that the central problem these writers pondered in their narratives was the relationship between the universal and particular nature of grief. Grieving, they thought, had three key qualities: it impelled a desire to act; it could not be meaningfully measured; and it persisted in time. In prioritizing the experience of grief over its function, meaning, or morality, these writers considered the emotion rational, natural, and honest. The value these writers placed on human family or family-like relationships provides the context for understanding their priorities in thinking about responses to loss. Interest in grief's endurance, rather than its resolution in consolation, has been understood as more typical of secular, not sacred, thought. By showing how these writers’ ideas about grief's nature lived alongside and within other ideas of Christian thought, this article illuminates a greater range of medieval ecclesiastical ideas about the dignity of human history and emotion.
本文探讨了中世纪教会作家如何以及为什么思考和书写人类历史上的悲伤经历。它考察了三位来自英国的十二世纪晚期拉丁作家的作品:沃尔瑟姆修道院及其圣十字的奠基史,休·坎迪杜在彼得伯勒保存的一系列编年史,以及威尔士的杰拉尔德的自传和旅行写作,以及他的《德原则》。文章借鉴了西方基督教传统中关于悲伤和苦难的圣经、文学、神学和图像学模型,将这些作品置于他们共同的训诫和哲学思想中,并解释了他们处理每一个悲伤事件的方法的独创性和意义。它认为,这些作家在叙事中思考的核心问题是悲伤的普遍性和特殊性之间的关系。他们认为,悲伤有三个关键品质:它促使人们渴望行动;无法对其进行有意义的衡量;它在时间上持续存在。在将悲伤的经历置于其功能、意义或道德之上时,这些作家认为这种情绪是理性的、自然的和诚实的。这些作家对人类家庭或类似家庭的关系的重视,为理解他们在思考对损失的反应时的优先事项提供了背景。对悲伤的承受感兴趣,而不是对安慰的解决,被理解为更典型的世俗而非神圣的思想。通过展示这些作家关于悲伤本质的思想是如何与基督教思想的其他思想共存的,本文阐明了中世纪教会关于人类历史和情感尊严的更广泛的思想。
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引用次数: 0
THE WRITINGS OF NICOLE ORESME: A SYSTEMATIC INVENTORY 妮可·奥雷斯梅的著作:系统盘点
IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/tdo.2022.6
D. D. Di Liscia, Aurora Panzica
This paper provides an up-to-date inventory of the works of Nicole Oresme (ca. 1320–1382). For each text, we present the incipit and the explicit, its (approximate) date, the list of manuscripts, and, whenever possible, editions and translations. We also inventory self-references contained in Oresme's writings and discuss specific problems concerning their titles, attributions, and textual transmission. Oresme's works are classified into nine groups, for each of which we offer preliminary remarks to situate the group in the context of Oresme's career. The two appendices provide detailed information about two texts of possible Oresmian attribution.
本文提供了妮可·奥雷斯梅(约1320-1382)作品的最新目录。对于每一篇文本,我们都会提供正文和正文、(大致)日期、手稿列表,以及可能的版本和翻译。我们还盘点了奥作品中的自我参照,并讨论了关于它们的标题、归属和文本传递的具体问题。Oresme的作品被分为九组,我们为每一组提供了初步的评论,以将该组作品置于Oresme职业生涯的背景下。这两个附录提供了关于两个可能属于奥雷斯米人的文本的详细信息。
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引用次数: 0
PRINCIPIA ON THE SENTENCES IN THE FACULTY OF THEOLOGY OF BOLOGNA: THE CASE OF AUGUSTINUS FAVARONI OF ROME, OESA (†1443) 关于博洛尼亚神学系句子的原则:罗马的奥古斯丁·法瓦罗尼(†1443)
IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/tdo.2022.4
Monica Brînzei
The Faculty of Theology of Bologna, founded in 1364, presents a paradox when we investigate its custom of performing principia on the Sentences prior to 1400. Although we are fortunate to have from Bologna the most complete surviving documentation concerning the organization of a medieval theology faculty, only two complete sets of principia have been identified so far from the matricula of 450 known scholastics. The situation hinders any comparative investigation that intends to test how what is depicted in the statutes is reflected in practice. The two surviving sets of principia from Bologna are those of the Cistercian Conrad of Ebrach, from 1368–1369, and the Augustinian Augustinus Favaroni of Rome, dating to 1388–1389. This study uses Augustinus Favaroni's principia to illustrate how this academic exercise functioned at the University of Bologna. It begins with a biographical sketch of Augustinus Favaroni of Rome followed by a short description of the principia as mirrored in the statutes of Bologna. It continues with a brief summary of each of the four principia of Favaroni reporting the philosophical and theological topics developed in his text, with an emphasis on the debates in which he engaged to defend his theses, and concludes with an appendix containing an edition of the four principia.
博洛尼亚神学学院成立于1364年,当我们调查其在1400年之前对句子执行原则的习俗时,它提出了一个悖论。尽管我们很幸运从博洛尼亚获得了关于中世纪神学学院组织的最完整的现存文件,但到目前为止,从450名已知学者的矩阵中只发现了两套完整的原理。这种情况阻碍了任何旨在测试法规中所述内容在实践中如何反映的比较调查。博洛尼亚现存的两套公国是1368年至1369年埃布拉赫的西多会康拉德和1388年至1389年罗马的奥古斯丁·法瓦罗尼。这项研究使用奥古斯丁·法瓦罗尼的原理来说明这种学术活动是如何在博洛尼亚大学发挥作用的。它以罗马的奥古斯丁·法瓦罗尼的传记草图开始,然后是对博洛尼亚法规中反映的公国的简短描述。它继续简要总结了法瓦罗尼的四个原则中的每一个,报告了他的文本中发展的哲学和神学主题,重点是他为捍卫自己的论文而进行的辩论,并以包含四个原则版本的附录结束。
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引用次数: 0
TEXTS RELATING TO THE DEATH OF MATILDA DE BAILLEUL, ABBESS OF WHERWELL: ST. PETERSBURG, NATIONAL LIBRARY OF RUSSIA, MS LAT.Q.V.I.62, FOL. 12V 有关玛蒂尔达·德·巴约尔之死的文本,凡韦尔修道院院长:圣彼得堡,俄罗斯国家图书馆,ms . lat.q.v.i。62年,符合。12 v
IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/tdo.2022.2
Moreed Arbabzadah
This article offers the first full edition, translation, and commentary for three Latin texts relating to the death of Matilda de Bailleul (d. 1212), a Flemish abbess of Wherwell, a Benedictine abbey in Hampshire, England. Wherwell was relatively prosperous throughout its history and was probably founded in the tenth century by Queen Ælfthryth, wife of King Edgar. All three texts appear on the final verso (fol. 12v) of St. Petersburg, National Library of Russia, MS Lat.Q.v.I.62. The manuscript comprises two quires: the first contains a liturgical calendar; the second contains computistic and musical material, followed by the texts relating to Matilda's death. The calendar was made at St. Albans in the middle of the twelfth century and had reached Wherwell by 1189 or soon afterwards. The second quire could have been added at either St. Albans or Wherwell. The first two texts are short poems which commemorate Matilda in elegiac couplets. The third text is a letter of consolation on the death of Matilda, from Guy, prior of Southwick, to Euphemia de Walliers (or Wallers), prioress of Wherwell, who was Matilda's niece and successor as abbess of Wherwell. For the first time, evidence is identified which indicates that the two poems were written by different authors. Errors in previous editions of the poems and letter are corrected. Explanations are offered for numerous passages that are difficult to interpret, many of which have hitherto received no comment. Parallels are frequently cited for passages in Guy of Southwick's letter, thereby showing his influences and the extent to which his letter stitches together and reworks quotations from both the Bible and other sources.
这篇文章提供了第一个完整的版本,翻译,并评论有关死亡的三个拉丁文本玛蒂尔达·德·拜约尔(d. 1212),凡威尔的佛兰德女修道院院长,本笃会修道院在汉普郡,英格兰。在整个历史中,威尔相对繁荣,可能是由埃德加国王的妻子Ælfthryth女王在10世纪建立的。这三篇文章都出现在最后一页。12v)圣彼得堡,俄罗斯国家图书馆,MS lat.q.v .62。手稿包括两个问题:第一个包含礼仪日历;第二个包含计算机和音乐材料,然后是与玛蒂尔达之死有关的文本。该日历于12世纪中期在圣奥尔本斯制作,并于1189年或之后不久传到了何威尔。第二个侍从可以加在圣奥尔本斯或何维尔。前两篇是用挽歌对联来纪念玛蒂尔达的短诗。第三个文本是玛蒂尔达去世时的慰问信,来自居伊,南威克修道院院长,给霍威尔修道院院长尤菲米娅·德·瓦利耶斯(或沃勒斯),她是玛蒂尔达的侄女,也是霍威尔修道院院长的继任者。这是第一次有证据表明这两首诗是由不同的作者写的。在以前版本的诗歌和信件的错误被纠正。对许多难以解释的段落提供了解释,其中许多迄今为止没有收到任何评论。Guy of Southwick的信中经常引用相似的段落,从而显示了他的影响,以及他的信将圣经和其他来源的引文缝合和重新制作的程度。
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引用次数: 0
WEALTH AND MATERIAL GOODS IN MEDIEVAL ITALIAN CIVIC HISTORIOGRAPHY 中世纪意大利市民史学中的财富和物质产品
IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/tdo.2022.7
L. Morreale
This article examines a corpus of over forty Italian civic histories produced from the mid-thirteenth to mid-fourteenth century, when the wealth of many of the peninsula's inhabitants increased significantly. Evidence from this corpus demonstrates that attitudes about wealth in historical writing changed over time and argues for a shift from a more static to a more dynamic representation of material goods in these texts. The novel mechanisms for accruing wealth that developed in the Italian urban context were important factors in the historigraphic turn, but as the period wore one, changes in the types of people writing history also contributed to modified presentations of wealth in their writings. Whether describing the display of luxury or its regulation, civic improvements or the destruction of a town's buildings by warring factions, taxation in a city or the corruption of its offiicials, views towards material goods in medieval Italian urban histories were neither wholly positive nor negative. Rather, the historiographic value of material goods was complex. The frequency with which wealth was a topic of discussion in civic histories highlights how the peninsula's inhabitants were coming to terms with the influx of wealth and the material goods they could acquire as members of their urban communities.
本文研究了十三世纪中期至十四世纪中期的40多部意大利公民史,当时半岛上许多居民的财富大幅增加。来自这一语料库的证据表明,历史写作中对财富的态度随着时间的推移而改变,并主张在这些文本中从更静态的物质商品表现转向更动态的物质商品。在意大利城市背景下发展起来的新的财富积累机制是历史转折的重要因素,但随着时间的推移,书写历史的人的类型的变化也有助于改变他们作品中对财富的描述。无论是描述奢侈品的展示或监管、公民的改善或交战派系对城镇建筑的破坏、城市的税收或官员的腐败,意大利中世纪城市历史中对物质商品的看法既不完全是正面的,也不完全是负面的。相反,物质商品的历史价值是复杂的。财富在公民历史中经常成为讨论的话题,这突出表明半岛居民是如何接受财富的涌入以及他们作为城市社区成员可以获得的物质商品的。
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引用次数: 0
EQUUM ET RATIONABILE EST: EXTENSIÓN Y USOS DE UN PREÁMBULO DE MEMORIA EN LA CIUDAD DE OVIEDO (SIGLOS XII—XIII) Equam et Rationabile Est:奥维耶多市(12-13世纪)记忆序言的扩展和使用
IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/tdo.2022.5
M. C. Puerta
Este trabajo explica los orígenes y evolución de un preámbulo diplomático que fue común en los documentos de compraventa y donación que se redactaban entre mediados del siglo XII y mediados del XIII en la ciudad de Oviedo, al norte del antiguo reino de León. Merece estudio por su larga perduración en el tiempo, ya que fue pasando de unos escribanos a otros y alcanzó la época de la implantación del notariado público. Asimismo, interesa desde el punto de vista lingüístico, ya que comenzó su trayectoria como una composición latina que, en una fase avanzada de su trayectoria, dio lugar a una fórmula romance original. Pero sobre todo llama la atención por la extrañeza de hallar un discurso estructurado sobre las ideas de equitas y ratio en una zona con vida urbana débil, carente de instituciones de enseñanza sólidas, y en general considerada periférica en el reino, más aún a escala europea. En fin, el modo en que habla de la memoria puede aportar matices interesantes a un objeto de estudio que en la Edad Media leonesa ha buscado más la crítica de autenticidad de los cartularios, y luego la comprensión de los mismos, que el papel de lo escrito en la conformación de los derechos de propiedad.
这项工作解释了12世纪中叶至13世纪中叶在旧莱昂王国北部奥维耶多市起草的买卖和捐赠文件中常见的外交序言的起源和演变。它值得研究,因为它在时间上持续了很长时间,因为它从一位抄写员变成了另一位抄写员,并达到了公证处成立的时候。他还对语言感兴趣,因为他从拉丁作曲开始了自己的职业生涯,在他职业生涯的后期,拉丁作曲产生了一种原始的浪漫公式。但最重要的是,它引起了人们的注意,因为在一个城市生活薄弱、缺乏健全的教育机构、普遍被认为是王国外围的地区,特别是在欧洲一级,找到一篇关于公平和比率思想的结构化演讲是很奇怪的。最后,他谈论记忆的方式可能会给一个研究对象带来有趣的细微差别,在中世纪,莱昂纳更多地寻求对纸板真实性的批评,然后是对纸板的理解,而不是书面材料在塑造财产权方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS 贡献者注意事项
IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1017/s0362152900011892
- -
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引用次数: 0
TDO volume 77 Cover and Back matter TDO第77卷封面和封底
IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/tdo.2022.11
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引用次数: 0
TDO volume 77 Cover and Front matter TDO第77卷封面和封面
IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/tdo.2022.1
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引用次数: 0
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TRADITIO-STUDIES IN ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL HISTORY THOUGHT AND RELIGION
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