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Measurement of Distances between Objects by a Series of Images Obtained from Several Shooting Points with a Small Angle Camera 用小角度相机从多个拍摄点获取的一系列图像测量物体之间的距离
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700195
V. P. Kosykh, G. I. Gromilin, N. S. Yakovenko

Abstract

Solving various applied problems often requires reconstructing a three-dimensional scene and determining distances to objects from images taken by cameras from several shooting points. Determining the shooting parameters and camera characteristics (calibration of the recording system) directly from the received images is an important stage of reconstruction, which determines the reliability of the results obtained. Using cameras with a small field of view leads to significant errors in calibration and reconstruction. The paper discusses a way to increase the accuracy of calibration by expanding the angle of view by ‘‘stitching’’ a series of images obtained from one shooting point into a wide-angle panorama. In addition to objects, the panorama must include other shooting points. An example of estimating distances to objects in a real urban scene is given. It is shown that the proposed method provides accuracy comparable to measuring distances on a large-scale map.

摘要 在解决各种应用问题时，往往需要重建三维场景，并根据摄像机从多个拍摄点拍摄的图像确定物体的距离。直接从接收到的图像中确定拍摄参数和相机特性（记录系统的校准）是重建的一个重要阶段，它决定了所获得结果的可靠性。使用小视场的摄像机会导致校准和重建过程中的重大误差。本文讨论了一种提高校准精度的方法，即通过将从一个拍摄点获取的一系列图像 "拼接 "成广角全景图来扩大视角。除物体外，全景图还必须包括其他拍摄点。本文给出了一个估算真实城市场景中物体距离的例子。结果表明，所提出的方法可提供与在大比例尺地图上测量距离相当的精确度。
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引用次数: 0
Surface Passivation of IR Photodetectors Based on InSb/In $${}_{boldsymbol{1-x}}mathbf{Al}_{boldsymbol{x}}$$ Sb Heterostructures 基于 InSb/In $${}_{boldsymbol{1-x}}mathbf{Al}_{boldsymbol{x}}$ Sb 异质结构的红外光探测器的表面钝化
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700274
M. A. Sukhanov, M. S. Aksenov, A. K. Bakarov, I. D. Loshkarev, K. S. Zhuravlev

Abstract

The methods of passivating the mesastructures of photodetectors based on InSb/In({}_{1-x})Al({}_{x})Sb nBn heterostructures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are studied. The mesastructures are formed by photolithography and liquid etching. Two different dielectrics, Al({}_{2})O({}_{3}) and Si({}_{3})N({}_{4}), are used to passivate the surface of mesastructures. It is shown that the Si({}_{3})N({}_{4}) dielectric efficiently passivates the surface of mesastructures, and the bulk current channel is predominant, whereas the surface leakage current prevails in the Al({}_{2})O({}_{3}) passivated mesastructures. At small reverse biases, the correlation between the current and surface area of a mesastructure is violated due to the influence of defects. Modeling the current–voltage characteristics of mesastructures at 77 K shows that the major contribution to the dark current is made by the tunneling current of electrons through the In({}_{1-x})Al({}_{x})Sb barrier.

摘要 研究了基于分子束外延生长的 InSb/In({}_{1-x})Al({}_{x})Sb nBn 异质结构的光电探测器的中间结构的钝化方法。中间结构是通过光刻和液体蚀刻形成的。两种不同的电介质，Al（{}_{2}）O（{}_{3}）和Si（{}_{3}）N（{}_{4}）被用来钝化介质结构的表面。研究表明，Si（{}_{3}）N（{}_{4}）电介质能有效地钝化介质结构的表面，并且体电流通道占主导地位，而在铝（{}_{2}）O（{}_{3}）钝化介质结构中，表面漏电流占主导地位。在较小的反向偏压下，由于缺陷的影响，介质结构的电流和表面积之间的相关性被破坏。对介子结构在 77 K 时的电流-电压特性建模表明，电子通过 In({}_{1-x})Al({}_{x})Sb 势垒的隧道电流是暗电流的主要来源。
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引用次数: 0
Spectral Composition of Microwave Signals at the Output of a Fiber EOM-Based Mixer 基于光纤 EOM 的混频器输出端微波信号的频谱组成
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700286
V. M. Vladimirov, M. Yu. Reushev, K. A. Drevin

Abstract

The influence of a frequency converter based on a Mach–Zehnder electro-optical modulator on the frequency spectrum of the output signal in the down-conversion mode has been studied. The modulator has been shown to make no significant changes to the distribution of the spectral power density of the converted signal, including phase noise, compared to the signal at the modulator input.

摘要 研究了基于马赫-泽恩德电光调制器的频率转换器在下变频模式下对输出信号频谱的影响。研究表明，与调制器输入端信号相比，调制器对转换后信号的频谱功率密度分布（包括相位噪声）不会产生明显变化。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Optimization of a Stochastic Algorithm for Image Registration Using Shannon’s Maximum Mutual Information Criterion 利用香农最大互信息标准合成和优化图像注册随机算法
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700213
A. G. Tashlinskii, R. M. Ibragimov, G. L. Safina

Abstract

An algorithm for estimating image registration parameters using Shannon’s maximum mutual information criterion is synthesized on the basis of the mathematical methods of stochastic gradient adaptation. Expressions for the gradient of mutual information are obtained. At the same time, the derivatives of the entropy of images with respect to the estimated parameters are found using the Parzen window method. The synthesized algorithm is optimized to improve performance.

摘要 在随机梯度适应数学方法的基础上，提出了一种利用香农最大互信息准则估计图像配准参数的算法。得到了互信息梯度的表达式。同时，使用 Parzen 窗口法求得图像熵相对于估计参数的导数。对合成算法进行了优化，以提高性能。
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引用次数: 0
Research and Development of Noise-Resistant Algorithms for Calculating the Group Delay Time of a Model Digital Signal with a Random Noise Component 研究和开发用于计算带有随机噪声成分的模型数字信号群延迟时间的抗噪声算法
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700249
K. S. Zhokhov, T. V. Gandzha, M. I. Kochergin

Abstract

The features of calculating the group delay time of a signal based on digital measurements of the S parameters of microwave devices are considered. Methods for calculating the group delay time of a signal with a random noise component are studied based on differentiation by the increment method and approximation. A method for calculating the group delay time based on the differentiation method using sliding piecewise linear approximation is proposed. This algorithm is more resistant to the noise component of the signal than standard method of calculating the group delay time of a signal developed using the example of the one-sided difference method and has less computational complexity than the method presented in the article based on quadratic approximation. The results of testing the operation of the described methods are presented, which illustrate that the methods are suitable for calculating the group delay time.

摘要 考虑了根据微波器件 S 参数的数字测量计算信号群延迟时间的特点。研究了基于增量微分法和近似法计算带有随机噪声分量的信号群延迟时间的方法。提出了一种基于微分法、使用滑动片断线性近似的群延迟时间计算方法。与使用单边差分法实例开发的计算信号群延迟时间的标准方法相比，该算法对信号噪声分量的抗干扰能力更强，计算复杂度也低于文章中提出的基于二次逼近的方法。文中介绍了测试所述方法运行的结果，说明这些方法适用于计算群延迟时间。
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引用次数: 0
Approaches to Determine the Geometric Parameters of Liquid Droplets Using Digital Image Analysis 利用数字图像分析确定液滴几何参数的方法
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700237
N. A. Nazarov, I. N. Baranov, N. B. Miskiv, E. M. Starinskaya

Abstract

Spray cooling, droplet interaction with complex surfaces, and droplet evaporation from solid walls are promising areas of research. These experiments require automated digital image processing, particularly when recording large amounts of video data. This paper presents methods for recognition of objects in digital images in order to obtain quantitative characteristics of evaporating droplets in low-light conditions. New algorithms have been developed to identify and close object boundaries in conditions of limited visibility, enabling measurement of the geometric parameters of evaporating droplets. A comparison is made with data obtained using manual image processing, and the usability conditions of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated.

摘要喷雾冷却、液滴与复杂表面的相互作用以及液滴从固体壁蒸发是很有前途的研究领域。这些实验需要自动数字图像处理，尤其是在记录大量视频数据时。本文介绍了识别数字图像中物体的方法，以便获得弱光条件下蒸发液滴的定量特征。开发的新算法可在能见度有限的条件下识别和关闭物体边界，从而测量蒸发液滴的几何参数。与使用人工图像处理获得的数据进行了比较，并展示了所建议算法的可用性条件。
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引用次数: 0
Principle of Calibrating a Magnetometric Sensor by the Precise Measurement of Change in Its Spatial Position in a Constant Magnetic Field 通过精确测量恒定磁场中磁力传感器空间位置变化来校准传感器的原理
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700316
M. A. Raifeld, A. N. Vasilevskii, A. N. Galyantich

Abstract

Magnetometric measurements are widely used to solve the problems of geology, navigation, and some other fields. Currently, there exists a trend to miniaturize magnetometers and reduce their cost. However, the readings of cheap magnetometers are distorted by errors, which require the procedure of calibration. The mathematical models of errors, which are used in most known studies and accepted in this work, are described. The mathematical modeling of magnetometer measurement signals is carried out, and a principle of calibrating a magnetometric sensor by the precise measurement of change in its spatial position in a constant magnetic field is proposed. Estimates are given to the precision of restoring the calibrated parameters and to the signal restoration errors attainable when performing the calibration operations proposed in this paper.

摘要 磁力测量被广泛用于解决地质、导航和其他一些领域的问题。目前，磁强计的微型化和低成本化是大势所趋。然而，廉价磁强计的读数会因误差而失真，需要进行校准。本文介绍了误差的数学模型，这些数学模型在大多数已知研究中使用，并在本研究中得到认可。对磁强计测量信号进行了数学建模，并提出了在恒定磁场中通过精确测量其空间位置变化来校准磁强计传感器的原理。对恢复校准参数的精度和执行本文提出的校准操作时可达到的信号恢复误差进行了估算。
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引用次数: 0
Event-Discrete Traffic Control Models 事件-离散交通控制模型
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s875669902470033x
Yu. V. Shornikov, K. A. Timofeev

Abstract

The problem of traffic control is solved using a model-based method. Automaton formalism is proposed for the development of a mathematical model. The states of a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) and the predicates of directed transitions are defined in strict accordance with the conditions of the problem. To implement the DFA, we used the Harel diagram (statechart); this is unified mathematical and software support for modern global modeling tools. The solution to the problem is proven constructively by a table of states with the corresponding dynamics and computational experiments of the selected scenario in advanced Russian and foreign instrumental environments for modeling the class of event systems. Computational experiments are in good agreement with constructive analysis.

摘要 采用基于模型的方法解决交通控制问题。为建立数学模型，提出了自动机形式主义。严格按照问题的条件定义了确定性有限自动机（DFA）的状态和有向转换的谓词。为了实现 DFA，我们使用了哈雷尔图（状态图）；这是现代全局建模工具的统一数学和软件支持。在俄罗斯和国外先进的事件系统建模工具环境中，对所选方案进行了相应的动态和计算实验。计算实验与建设性分析结果十分吻合。
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引用次数: 0
The Required Number of Elements for a Ring Antenna Array 环形天线阵列所需的元件数量
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700304
V. P. Yushchenko, S. A. Litvinenko, R. A. Moseichuk, A. D. Ivanova

Abstract

The properties of a ring antenna array are investigated theoretically by modeling. The goal of this research is to determine to what extent it is possible to reduce the number of elements of the ring antenna array. This problem is relevant for practical applications. Reduction of the number of elements of the antenna array simplifies the technology of its manufacturing. By means of modeling, it has been shown that reduction of elements with preservation of the ring array diameter does not change its resolving power, however leads to occurrence of undesired artefacts in the shape of rings in the reconstructed image. In addition, it has been shown that a segment of the ring array can be used instead of the entire ring antenna array. For example, a ring can be replaced by a semiring; at that, if its diameter is the same, then the resolving power will change insignificantly.

摘要 通过建模从理论上研究了环形天线阵的特性。这项研究的目标是确定在多大程度上可以减少环形天线阵的元素数量。这个问题与实际应用息息相关。减少天线阵列的元素数量可以简化其制造技术。通过建模表明，在保持环形阵直径的情况下减少元素数量不会改变其分辨能力，但会导致在重建图像中出现不希望看到的环形假象。此外，研究还表明，可以使用环形阵列的一部分来代替整个环形天线阵列。例如，可以用一个半圆代替一个环；如果半圆的直径相同，那么分辨能力的变化将微乎其微。
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引用次数: 0
Method for the Visualization of Complex Objects Representing a Composition of Volumes and Functionally Defined Surfaces 表示体积和功能定义曲面组合的复杂物体的可视化方法
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700225
S. I. Vyatkin, B. S. Dolgovesov

Abstract

A method based on graphic processors has been proposed for visualizing complex objects representing a composition of volumes and functionally defined surfaces. The method uses hierarchical 3D data structures that do not require parameterization. Combinations of complex translucent volumes and surfaces based on perturbation functions are described.

摘要 提出了一种基于图形处理器的方法，用于将代表体积和功能定义表面组成的复杂物体可视化。该方法使用不需要参数化的分层三维数据结构。描述了基于扰动函数的复杂半透明体积和曲面的组合。
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引用次数: 0
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