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Stochastic Estimation of Angular Orientation Parameters of a Moving Object by Inertial-Satellite Measurements 通过惯性卫星测量随机估计运动物体的角度方向参数
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699023050084
S. V. Sokolov, V. A. Pogorelov, A. L. Okhotnikov

Abstract

The problem of angular orientation of a moving object is solved using measurements of the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) and the satellite navigation system (SNS) under the most general assumptions about the character of the angular motion of the object and probabilistic characteristics of noises in inertial measurements. The soltion is obtained in the form of an extended Kalman filter in which the direction cosines of rotation in an inertial coordinate system are used as estimated orientation parameters and the vector of measurements by the SNS and SINS accelerometers is used as the observation vector. An example illustrating the high stability and convergence rate of the process of estimating the chosen parameters of angular orientation of the moving object is presented.

摘要 在物体角运动特性和惯性测量噪声概率特性的最一般假设下,利用带式惯性导航系统(SINS)和卫星导航系统(SNS)的测量数据解决了运动物体的角定向问题。解法以扩展卡尔曼滤波器的形式获得,其中惯性坐标系中的旋转方向余弦被用作估计方向参数,SNS 和 SINS 加速计的测量矢量被用作观测矢量。示例说明了运动物体角方位所选参数估计过程的高稳定性和收敛速度。
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引用次数: 0
Total Energy Control of Aircraft Longitudinal Motion 飞机纵向运动的总能量控制
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699023050011
S. A. Belokon, Yu. N. Zolotukhin, K. Yu. Kotov, A. S. Maltsev, A. P. Yan

Abstract

The paper considers the creation of a system for controlling the longitudinal motion of aircraft based on the principle of total energy control. The structure of the control system is presented, including a kernel independent of aircraft and a transition to commands for elevator and thrust deflection obtained from the principle of inverse models. The control system is implemented for models of three aircraft with different aerodynamic configurations. The quality of regulation was studied by numerical simulation.

摘要 本文探讨了根据总能量控制原理创建飞机纵向运动控制系统的问题。文中介绍了控制系统的结构,包括一个独立于飞机的内核,以及根据逆模型原理获得的升降舵和推力偏转指令的过渡。该控制系统针对具有不同气动配置的三种飞机模型实施。通过数值模拟对调节质量进行了研究。
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引用次数: 0
Fraunhofer Diffraction Phenomena in the Coherent Light at an Extended Asymmetric Edge with a Reflecting (Gray) InnerFace 带有反射(灰色)内面的延伸不对称边缘处相干光的弗劳恩霍夫衍射现象
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699023050023
Yu. V. Chugui

Abstract

Using the equivalent transparency models, the Fraunhofer diffraction phenomena in the coherent light are studied at an extended object with a constant thickness in the shape of a volumetric asymmetric edge with a bevel and a plane reflecting (gray) inner surface of the object characterized by the module of reflection coefficient and the phase shift in the reflected wave. It has been shown that the far-zone field can be represented in the form of two components: transmitted and reflected, the first of which corresponds to light diffraction at an absolutely absorbing asymmetric edge, while the second describes diffraction phenomena at the volumetric structure in the shape of a biplanar slot illuminated by a plane light wave. Based on the constructive approximation of the integral Fresnel function, an expression has been obtained for the object spectrum, which can be used to investigate the behavior of the far-zone fields. It has been shown that in the case of a large bevel, the main contribution to the field is made by the reflected component. The methods are proposed for determining geometric parameters of the object by measuring the position of the central maximum of the reflected component and its effective width.

摘要 利用等效透明度模型,研究了相干光中的弗劳恩霍夫衍射现象,该物体厚度恒定,形状为带斜面的体积不对称边缘和平面反射(灰色)内表面,其特征是反射系数模块和反射波的相移。研究表明,远区场可以用两个分量的形式表示:透射和反射,其中第一个分量对应于绝对吸收不对称边缘的光衍射,而第二个分量描述了被平面光波照射的双平面槽形体积结构的衍射现象。根据积分菲涅尔函数的构造近似,得到了物体光谱的表达式,可用来研究远区场的行为。研究表明,在大斜面的情况下,反射分量对场的贡献最大。通过测量反射分量中心最大值的位置及其有效宽度,提出了确定物体几何参数的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Construction of Texture Feature Profiles Using Whole Core Images 利用完整核心图像构建纹理特征轮廓
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699023050060
D. O. Makienko

Abstract

Studying images of a whole core (a sample of rock extracted from a well) is in demand in modern geophysics. The subject area determines the specifics of core image processing and the form of presentation of the results. A common way to represent well data is by depth-ordered measurement values. Core samples are also ordered by depth, and sample images are a collection of individual photographs or tomographic scans, often without data at some depths. A typical image of one core fragment contains a meter-long section of rock. In practice, it is often necessary to evaluate the characteristics of centimeter intervals. An approach to creating an ensemble of textural features of core images presented as depth-ordered profiles is proposed. The results can be used in conjunction with other geological and geophysical data.

摘要 现代地球物理学需要研究整个岩心(从油井中提取的岩石样本)的图像。学科领域决定了岩心图像处理的具体内容和结果的呈现形式。表示油井数据的一种常见方式是按深度排序的测量值。岩心样本也按深度排序,样本图像是单张照片或层析成像扫描的集合,通常没有某些深度的数据。一个岩心片段的典型图像包含一米长的岩石断面。在实践中,往往需要评估厘米级间隔的特征。本文提出了一种方法,用于创建岩心图像的纹理特征组合,以深度排序剖面图的形式呈现。其结果可与其他地质和地球物理数据结合使用。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of The Thickness of Single-Layer Antireflection SiO $${}_{mathbf{2}}$$ Coating on a Silicon Photodiode Depending of the Characteristics of Incident Light 根据入射光的特性优化硅光电二极管上的单层抗反射 SiO $${}_mathbf{2}}$ 涂层厚度
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699023050096
A. V. Timofeev, A. I. Mil’shtein, D. N. Grigor’ev

Abstract

Theoretical investigations of the dependence of the optimal thickness of a one-layer antireflection SiO({}_{2}) coating on a silicon photodiode on the characteristics of the light incident to the photodiode. It is shown that the optimal thickness of the one-layer antireflection SiO({}_{2}) coating for different angular distributions of intensity increases the quantum efficiency of the photodiode by up to 1.1 times in comparison with the classical one-layer antireflection coating with a thickness (lambda/4n), which is optimal in the case of the normal incidence of monochromatic light.

摘要 理论研究了硅光电二极管上一层抗反射 SiO({}_{2}) 涂层的最佳厚度对光电二极管入射光特性的依赖性。研究表明,与厚度为 (lambda/4n)的经典单层抗反射涂层相比,不同强度角度分布的单层抗反射 SiO({}_{2}) 涂层的最佳厚度可将光电二极管的量子效率提高 1.1 倍,而后者在单色光正常入射的情况下是最佳的。
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引用次数: 0
Algorithm for Searching for Optimal Values of Parameters of Singular Point Detectors Based on Local Image Characteristics 基于本地图像特征的奇异点检测器参数最佳值搜索算法
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699023050059
A. V. Likhachev

Abstract

A method is proposed that allows one to determine the optimal values of the parameters of singular point detectors (mathbf{p}) from the local characteristics of the image ({mu}). The method is based on searching for the extremum of the analytical dependence (delta=P(mathbf{p},{mu})), where (delta) is the detector efficiency criterion defined as the weighted sum of the type I error and type II error. The dependence (P(mathbf{p},{mu})) interpolates the set (delta(mathbf{p}_{i},{mu}_{j})) obtained from a sample from a set of images of the same type. An experiment was performed with 40 radiographs of the lower part of the human spine, which were processed by the Harris–Stephens detector and SUSAN detector. It is found that when choosing the adjustable parameters of the detector using the proposed method, the (delta) criterion turned out to be significantly lower than for the values of these parameters at the boundaries of the recommended intervals.

摘要 本文提出了一种方法,可以从图像的局部特征({mu})中确定奇异点检测器参数的最佳值。该方法基于搜索分析依赖关系的极值((delta=P(mathbf{p},{mu})),其中(delta)是检测器效率标准,定义为I类错误和II类错误的加权和。P(mathbf{p},{/mu}))的依存关系是从一组同类型图像的样本中插值得到的集合(delta(mathbf{p}_{i},{/mu}_{j}))。实验中使用了 40 张人体脊柱下部的射线照片,并通过 Harris-Stephens 检测器和 SUSAN 检测器进行了处理。实验发现,当使用建议的方法选择探测器的可调参数时,(delta)标准明显低于这些参数在建议区间边界的值。
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引用次数: 0
Testing of Long-Term Stability of Metrological Characteristics of the CLWS-300 Laser Image Generator 测试 CLWS-300 激光图像发生器计量特性的长期稳定性
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699023050035
V. P. Kiryanov, A. G. Karakotskii, A. V. Kiryanov

Abstract

Experiments on testing of long-term stability of metrological indices of the CLWS-300 laser image generator used in the technological process of goniometric equipment manufacturing are carried out. It is shown that the CLWS-300 laser generator retained the ability to reproduce its characteristics in an almost unchanged form on a time interval of 18 years.

摘要 对用于测角设备制造技术过程中的 CLWS-300 激光图像发生器的计量指标的长期稳定性进行了试验。结果表明,CLWS-300 型激光发生器在 18 年的时间间隔内几乎保持不变地再现其特性。
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引用次数: 0
Infrared and Terahertz Radiation Detectors Based on Opto-Acoustic Converters (a Review) 基于光声转换器的红外和太赫兹辐射探测器(综述)
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699023040040
P. E. Kotlyar

Abstract

Classic opto-acoustic detectors are popular for a number of scientific and applied uses, such as measuring weak fluxes of optical radiation in the IR and THz ranges, quantitative and qualitative analysis of gas mixtures, and studying the absorption spectra of gases and vapors. The review considers the purpose, design and evolution of the basic structural elements of classic opto-acoustic detectors. We analyze the prospects of using single-layer graphene as the most promising material for membranes. The significant increase in sensitivity is due to the exceptionally high elasticity of graphene combined with its high mechanical strength. It has been shown that using a flexible single-layer graphene membrane reduces the acoustic and vibration noise susceptibility of opto-acoustic detectors by more than three orders of magnitude with no protection against vibration. Since the graphene membrane retains high elasticity at helium temperatures, the operating range of the opto-acoustic detector can be expanded from 320 K to helium temperatures, which provides the theoretically maximum threshold sensitivity by reducing noise and opens up the possibility of using opto-acoustic detectors for astrophysical and cosmological problems. We consider capacitive, optical, tunnel and cantilever detectors of microstrains of a flexible membrane. It is shown that achieving the maximum metrological characteristics of an opto-acoustic detector is possible by combining the unique capabilities of two inventions: a single-layer graphene membrane and a tunnel microstrain detector.

摘要 经典光声探测器在许多科学和应用领域都很受欢迎,例如测量红外和太赫兹范围内的微弱光辐射通量、气体混合物的定量和定性分析以及研究气体和蒸汽的吸收光谱。本综述探讨了经典光声探测器的目的、设计和基本结构元素的演变。我们分析了使用单层石墨烯作为膜材料的前景。由于石墨烯具有极高的弹性和机械强度,其灵敏度得以显著提高。研究表明,使用柔性单层石墨烯膜可将光声探测器的声学和振动噪声易感性降低三个数量级以上,且无振动保护。由于石墨烯膜在氦气温度下仍保持高弹性,光声探测器的工作范围可从 320 K 扩展到氦气温度,从而通过降低噪声达到理论上的最大阈值灵敏度,为利用光声探测器解决天体物理和宇宙学问题提供了可能。我们考虑了柔性膜微应变的电容、光学、隧道和悬臂探测器。研究表明,将单层石墨烯膜和隧道微应变探测器这两项发明的独特功能结合起来,可以实现光声探测器的最大计量特性。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of Distributed Simulation Modeling in MTSS System 在 MTSS 系统中实施分布式仿真建模
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.3103/s875669902304009x
S. V. Rudometov, V. V. Okolnishnikov, S. S. Zhuravlev

Abstract

The MTSS simulation modeling system implements the possibility of distributed simulation modeling by using the HLA standard. As an example of distributed simulation modeling in use, we present a federation that consists of two federates: a simulation model of a coal mine face and a simulation model of a coal mine conveyor network.

摘要 MTSS 仿真建模系统利用 HLA 标准实现了分布式仿真建模的可能性。作为分布式仿真建模的一个应用实例,我们介绍了一个由煤矿工作面仿真模型和煤矿输送网络仿真模型两个联合体组成的联合体。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the Efficiency of Different Architectures of Recurrent Neural Networks for Sentiment Analysis of Russian-Language Comments of Social Network Users 不同递归神经网络架构在俄语社交网络用户评论情感分析中的效率研究
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699023040118
A. N. Zhdanova, A. V. Kupriyanov, A. A. Golova, A. S. Bulgakov, D. S. Bakanov

Abstract

Machine learning methods are used to analyze the sentiment of texts and study the efficiency of different architectures of neural networks. It is shown that this is relevant in connection with the development of social networks and online recommendation services, where many users express their opinion about goods and services. Neural network structures are predicted and compared based on real data from social networks. This makes it possible to determine the best architecture for sentiment analysis of texts. This work may be useful to developers of social networks for recommendation services and researchers involved in natural language processing. The results can help improve the quality of analysis of user opinions and improve user satisfaction with goods and services. Thus, this study contributes to the development of machine learning and text data analysis.

摘要 使用机器学习方法分析文本情感,并研究不同神经网络架构的效率。研究表明,这与社交网络和在线推荐服务的发展息息相关,因为在社交网络和在线推荐服务中,许多用户会表达他们对商品和服务的看法。根据社交网络的真实数据,对神经网络结构进行了预测和比较。这使得确定文本情感分析的最佳架构成为可能。这项工作可能对社交网络推荐服务开发人员和自然语言处理研究人员有用。研究结果有助于提高用户意见分析的质量,提高用户对商品和服务的满意度。因此,本研究有助于机器学习和文本数据分析的发展。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
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