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Homogeneous Array of Nanopits on the Surface of InAlAs Layers Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on an InP (001) Substrate 在 InP (001) 基底上通过分子束外延生长的 InAlAs 层表面上的均匀纳米凹坑阵列
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700250
D. V. Gulyaev, D. V. Dmitriev, A. I. Toropov, S. A. Ponomarev, K. S. Zhuravlev

Abstract

In this paper, the surface morphology of InAlAs layers deviating from the lattice-matched composition with an InP substrate is studied. The possibility of forming an array of nanopits uniform in size and shape on the surface of the InAlAs layer is demonstrated. A linear relationship between the size of pits on the surface of a InAlAs layer and its thickness is shown.

摘要 本文研究了偏离与 InP 衬底晶格匹配成分的 InAlAs 层的表面形态。研究证明了在 InAlAs 层表面形成大小和形状一致的纳米凹坑阵列的可能性。InAlAs 层表面凹坑的大小与厚度之间存在线性关系。
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引用次数: 0
Shape Modification of Vertical Nanowires under Annealing 退火条件下垂直纳米线的形状改变
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700262
A. G. Nastovjak, N. L. Shwartz

Abstract

The numerical calculation of the shape modification of vertical nanowires under annealing due to the readsorption of the substance evaporated from the neighboring nanowires and substrate was carried out. The calculation was performed by the model of evaporation from a set of spherically symmetric sources and by the Knudsen–Lambert model. The effect produced on the shape of nanowires by the aspect ratio of the nanowire length to the distance between them and the rate of material evaporation from the nanowire side wall and substrate was analyzed.

摘要 对垂直纳米线在退火过程中由于从邻近纳米线和基底蒸发的物质的再吸收而导致的形状改变进行了数值计算。计算是通过一组球面对称源的蒸发模型和克努森-朗伯模型进行的。分析了纳米线长度与纳米线之间距离的长宽比对纳米线形状的影响,以及从纳米线侧壁和基底蒸发物质的速率。
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引用次数: 0
AFM Visualization of Conductivity and Morphology of BC $${}_{boldsymbol{x}}$$ -Film Surface Obtained by SLD Method 用 SLD 方法获得的 BC $${}_{boldsymbol{x}}$ 薄膜表面电导率和形态的原子力显微镜可视化分析
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700298
P. V. Zinin, A. A. Bykov, R. I. Romanov, A. A. Korneeva, A. V. Andreev, A. Yu. Belykh, S. Yu. Krasnoborod’ko, V. A. Kukushkin

Abstract

Materials with nonstandard physical properties are widely used in various fields of science and technology, from microelectronics to heavy industrial installations. At one time, international scientific teams carried out mathematical calculations showing that the most promising compounds of B–C structures which, under certain external conditions and concentration ratios, have strong chemical sp({}^{2}) and sp({}^{3}) bonds. Such materials are characterized by high hardness, resistance to aggressive media, and conductivity. This work is aimed at the synthesis and study of carbon-containing BC({}_{x}) films. This paper presents the results of measuring a thin BC({}_{5}) film. The spectral characteristics of the film, data on its layer thickness, conductivity, and composition were obtained by using X-ray, Raman, and photoelectron spectroscopy.

摘要 具有非标准物理性质的材料被广泛应用于从微电子学到重工业装置等各个科学技术领域。曾几何时,国际科学团队进行的数学计算表明,最有前途的 B-C 结构化合物在一定的外部条件和浓度比例下,具有很强的化学键 sp({}^{2}) 和 sp({}^{3}) 。这种材料具有高硬度、耐侵蚀性介质和导电性等特点。这项工作旨在合成和研究含碳 BC({}_{x}) 薄膜。本文介绍了测量 BC({}_{5}) 薄膜的结果。通过使用 X 射线、拉曼和光电子能谱获得了薄膜的光谱特性、层厚度数据、电导率和成分。
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引用次数: 0
On a Method of Controlling Heater by Using Neural Networks 论利用神经网络控制加热器的方法
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700328
S. S. Abdurakipov, E. B. Butakov

Abstract

The possibility of using a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network has been studied to simulate the operation of a PID controller. A programmable PID controller has been realized to control a heater with a temperature sensor on the basis of an Arduino microcontroller. A LSTM model trained on the controller data has been developed. It is shown that the neural network model accurately reproduces the operation of the controller and can completely replace it under the condition of a much greater but sufficient data processing time. The applicability of this model as a detector of abnormal operation of the PID controller is shown.

摘要 研究了使用长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络模拟 PID 控制器运行的可能性。在 Arduino 微控制器的基础上实现了一个可编程 PID 控制器,用于控制带有温度传感器的加热器。基于控制器数据训练的 LSTM 模型已经开发出来。结果表明,该神经网络模型准确地再现了控制器的运行,并能在数据处理时间更长但足够的条件下完全取代控制器。该模型可用作 PID 控制器异常运行的检测器。
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引用次数: 0
Resolution Enhancement in Optical Microscopy Using Subpixel Shifts 利用子像素移动提高光学显微镜分辨率
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700122
V. I. Guzhov, S. P. Il’inykh, E. V. Andryushchenko, D. S. Khaidukov

Abstract

A new method of resolution enhancement in optical microscopy using the method of spatial subpixel shifts, i.e., shifts by some amount less than the resolution provided by the lens are considered. The resolution of optical microscopes is determined by the type of used lenses. Professional microscopes have a set of microlenses with different magnifications, which are mounted on turrets containing several lenses. Sometimes, it makes more sense to use one lens instead of a set of microlenses if it is possible to provide subpixel shifts. An increase in spatial resolution is carried out using the subpixel shift technique. In this case, the spectrum of the feature is supplemented by a multiplier, the type of which depends on the type of lens aperture. To obtain high-resolution features, it is necessary to divide the Fourier spectrum of an image obtained from several subpixel-shifted images by a factor depending on the selected aperture. This factor is called the aperture function. The aperture function is determined by the type of used lens and can be its nameplate value. An experimental method for calibrating a lens (obtaining its aperture function) with low resolution ((8times)) based on images obtained with higher resolution lenses ((40times)) is shown. Once the aperture function is defined, one low-resolution lens can be used to produce images at any resolution less than the resolution of the selected high-resolution lens ((40times)).

摘要 研究了一种在光学显微镜中提高分辨率的新方法,该方法采用空间亚像素移动法,即移动量小于镜头提供的分辨率。光学显微镜的分辨率由所用镜头的类型决定。专业显微镜有一组不同放大倍率的微透镜,安装在包含多个透镜的转塔上。有时,如果可以实现亚像素移动,使用一个镜头而不是一组微透镜会更有意义。亚像素移动技术可以提高空间分辨率。在这种情况下,特征的光谱由乘法器补充,乘法器的类型取决于透镜孔径的类型。要获得高分辨率的特征,必须将从多个子像素位移图像中获得的图像傅立叶频谱除以一个取决于所选光圈的系数。这个系数被称为孔径函数。光圈函数由所用镜头的类型决定,可以是其铭牌值。图中展示了一种根据较高分辨率镜头(40 倍)获得的图像来校准低分辨率镜头(8 倍)(获得其光圈函数)的实验方法。一旦确定了孔径函数,就可以使用一个低分辨率镜头以低于所选高分辨率镜头((40 次))分辨率的任何分辨率生成图像。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Multiplicative Noises on the Precision of Measuring the Frequency of a Coherent Signal against the Background of White Noise 乘法噪声对在白噪声背景下测量相干信号频率精度的影响
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700092
V. M. Artyushenko, V. I. Volovach

Abstract

The effect of multiplicative noises acting simultaneously with white noise on the precision of measuring the frequency of a coherent signal specified as a sequence of coherent pulses is considered and analyzed. The condition for the absence of systematic errors at the output of a tracking meter is determined. The slope of its discrimination characteristic, the spectral density of fluctuations at the output from the discriminator, and the coefficients, which characterize the normalizing effect of automatic gain control (AGC), are found. The mentioned parameters specify the value of worsening in the meter precision characteristics under the influence of multiplicative noises. It is shown that the effect of multiplicative noises grows with a decrease in the undistorted signal part level and an increase in the ratio between the energy of a signal, which is coherently accumulated in linear discriminator circuits, to the spectral additive noise power density. It is demonstrated that the effect of multiplicative noises is most pronounced in the cases when the noise modulation function spectrum has a width comparable with the bandwidth of linear discriminator circuits.

摘要 考虑并分析了与白噪声同时作用的乘法噪声对作为相干脉冲序列指定的相干信号频率测量精度的影响。确定了跟踪仪输出端无系统误差的条件。研究发现了其鉴别特性的斜率、鉴别器输出波动的频谱密度,以及表征自动增益控制(AGC)归一化效果的系数。上述参数说明了在乘法噪声影响下仪表精度特性的恶化值。结果表明,随着未失真信号部分电平的降低,以及线性鉴别电路中相干累积的信号能量与频谱加性噪声功率密度之比增大,乘性噪声的影响也随之增大。研究表明,当噪声调制功能频谱的宽度与线性鉴别电路的带宽相当时,乘性噪声的影响最为明显。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling of Lasers Based on the Stimulated Raman Scattering Effect in Special Tellurite Fibers and Microresonators 基于特殊碲纤维和微谐振器中受激拉曼散射效应的激光器建模
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.3103/s875669902470002x
E. A. Anashkina, A. V. Andrianov

Abstract

Lasers of different classes based on the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect in waveguide elements from tellurite glasses with a power from tens of microwatts to tens of watts are theoretically studied. Due to high SRS gain and large SRS frequency shift, tellurite glasses are promising materials for the development of laser sources at a wavelength of nearly 2.3 (mu)m under pumping at a wavelength of nearly 2 (mu)m. The detailed numerical modeling of SRS lasers based on special single-core and multicore tellurite fibers is performed. It is shown that, at optimal parameters, the efficiency of pumping power conversion into SRS wave power may exceed 50%. The detailed modeling of low-power lasers based on high-Q microresonators is carried out to find optimal parameters and generation limiting factors.

摘要 从理论上研究了基于碲玻璃波导元件中受激拉曼散射(SRS)效应的不同类型的激光器,其功率从几十微瓦到几十瓦不等。由于高SRS增益和大SRS频移,碲玻璃是开发波长近2.3(mu)m、泵浦波长近2(mu)m的激光源的有前途的材料。对基于特殊单芯和多芯碲纤维的 SRS 激光器进行了详细的数值建模。结果表明,在最佳参数下,泵浦功率转换为 SRS 波功率的效率可能超过 50%。对基于高 Q 值微谐振器的低功率激光器进行了详细建模,以找到最佳参数和产生限制因素。
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引用次数: 0
Design Study High Reflectors Graded Index Mirror Dispersive Properties 设计研究 高分辨率反射镜的色散特性
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700158
Elham Jasim Mohammad

Abstract

This paper investigates the dispersive properties of a spectral filter—a quarter-wave (QW) mirror. The study considers the modeling with a smoothly changing refractive index of the applied material (Rugate filter) using Fourier transform analysis of a high and low refractive index. These chirped structures exhibit high reflectivity and low group delay dispersion. The introduced result in this study is in some way better than already existing ones and/or can be used to obtain a meaningful practical effect, because it adopts calculation methods that are characterized by the accuracy and reliability of data using different statistical parameters and can be adopted with all modern and old methods of preparation. These improvements can have significant implications for various applications. Moreover, we investigate different statistical parameters, such as mean, median, mode, and standard deviation (STD), and analyze their impact on the rugate filter group delay (GD) and group delay dispersion (GDD) performance.

摘要 本文研究了光谱滤波器--四分之一波(QW)镜的色散特性。研究采用高折射率和低折射率的傅里叶变换分析,考虑了应用材料(Rugate 滤波器)折射率平滑变化的模型。这些啁啾结构表现出高反射率和低群延迟色散。本研究介绍的结果在某种程度上优于现有的结果和/或可用于获得有意义的实际效果,因为它采用的计算方法的特点是使用不同的统计参数获得准确可靠的数据,并可与所有现代和古老的制备方法一起使用。这些改进可对各种应用产生重大影响。此外,我们还研究了不同的统计参数,如平均值、中位数、模式和标准偏差 (STD),并分析了它们对 rugate 滤波器群延迟 (GD) 和群延迟分散 (GDD) 性能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Machine Learning Methods for Compensating Signal Distortions in Fiber-Optic Communication Lines 补偿光纤通信线路信号失真的机器学习方法
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700018
O. S. Sidelnikov, A. A. Redyuk, M. P. Fedoruk

Abstract

The article addresses current issues in the field of fiber-optic data transmission, related to the constant increase in demand for communication system bandwidth and nonlinear response. The main machine learning methods used to compensate for nonlinear signal distortions in long-haul coherent communication lines are presented, including neural networks of various architectures. The paper emphasizes the promise of machine learning-based solutions for enhancing the performance of optical fiber communication systems, thanks to their ability to derive effective and adaptive signal recovery schemes with low computational complexity.

摘要 文章论述了光纤数据传输领域当前存在的问题,这些问题与对通信系统带宽和非线性响应需求的不断增长有关。文章介绍了用于补偿长途相干通信线路中非线性信号失真的主要机器学习方法,包括各种架构的神经网络。论文强调了基于机器学习的解决方案在提高光纤通信系统性能方面的前景,因为这些方案能够以较低的计算复杂度推导出有效的自适应信号恢复方案。
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引用次数: 0
Visible Photoluminescence of SiO $${}_{mathbf{2}}$$ Films Implanted with In $${}^{mathbf{+}}$$ and As $${}^{mathbf{+}}$$ Ions 植入 In $${}^{mathbf{+}$ 和 As $${}^{mathbf{+}$ 离子的 SiO $${}_{mathbf{2}}$ 薄膜的可见光发光
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.3103/s8756699024700067
I. E. Tyschenko, Zh. Si, S. G. Cherkova, V. P. Popov

Abstract

Visible photoluminescence from SiO({}_{2}) films implanted with In({}^{+}) and As({}^{+}) ions was studied at room temperature depending on the energy of As({}^{+}) ions, the temperature of further annealing, and the exciting radiation wavelength. As({}^{+}) ions with energies of 40, 80, or 135 keV and In({}^{+}) ions with an energy of 50 keV, at which the ratio between the average projective ranges of ions (textrm{R}_{p}^{textrm{As}}/textrm{R}_{p}^{textrm{In}}) was 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were selected. Further annealing was performed at a temperature of 900 and 1100({}^{circ})C. Photoluminescence spectra were excited with laser radiation with wavelengths (lambda_{ex}=442) and 473 nm. The spectra of photoluminescence under excitation with (lambda_{textrm{ex}}=473) nm had a peak at 550 nm, whose energy position was shifted to (520{-}530) nm at (lambda_{ex}=442) nm. An increase in the ratio (textrm{R}_{p}^{textrm{As}}/textrm{R}_{p}^{textrm{In}}) was accompanied by a decrease in the photoluminescence intensity and a change in the ratio between the intensities of peaks depending on the annealing temperature. The observed effect was discussed from the viewpoint of recombination between electrons and holes in InAs nanocrystals.

Abstract 研究了在室温下用In({}^{+})和As({}^{+})离子植入的SiO({}_{2})薄膜的可见光发光,这取决于As({}^{+})离子的能量、进一步退火的温度以及激发辐射波长。选择了能量为 40、80 或 135 keV 的 As({}^{+}/)离子和能量为 50 keV 的 In({}^{+}/)离子,离子的平均投射范围之比 (text/strm{R}_{p}^{textrm{As}/textrm{R}_{p}^{textrm{In}}/)分别为 1、2 和 3。进一步的退火在 900 和 1100 ({}^{circ})C 的温度下进行。光致发光光谱由波长为 (lambda_{ex}=442) 和 473 nm 的激光辐射激发。在 (lambda_{textrm{ex}}=473) nm 的激发下,光致发光光谱在 550 nm 处有一个峰值,在 (lambda_{ex}=442) nm 时,峰值的能量位置移动到了 (520{-}530) nm 处。随着退火温度的升高,光致发光强度减弱,峰值之间的比值也发生了变化,这就是(textrm{R}_{p}^{textrm{As}}/textrm{R}_{p}^{textrm{In}})比值的增加。我们从 InAs 纳米晶体中电子和空穴重组的角度讨论了所观察到的效应。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing
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