Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.1142/S1793984418410039
Wanli Yang, Yiwei Wang, W. Shan, Yingying Gao, Binbin Ma, S. Xue, Lihua Sun, Jing Xie
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by amenorrhea, infertility, lack of estrogen, and elevated gonadotropin levels before the age of 40. Most POF females have fertility problems due to defects of germ cell development or complete ovarian failure. Though hormonal therapy could partially restore ovarian function, effects of these treatments are transient, much less for regeneration and repair of the ovaries. With the rise of regenerative medicine, stem cells transplantation gives new hope for repairing POF related ovaries damage. Studies from animal models indicate that stem cell transplantation can, at least in part, repair ovarian structure, improve ovarian function and fertility in POF, i.e., the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) can differentiate to ovaries and facilitate fertility recovery. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, which limits their clinical applications. Here, we discuss the recent progress on the clinical applications of stem cells for POF treatment, which would become promising therapies for POF patients.
{"title":"Progress on the Clinical Applications of Stem Cells for Premature Ovarian Failure","authors":"Wanli Yang, Yiwei Wang, W. Shan, Yingying Gao, Binbin Ma, S. Xue, Lihua Sun, Jing Xie","doi":"10.1142/S1793984418410039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793984418410039","url":null,"abstract":"Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by amenorrhea, infertility, lack of estrogen, and elevated gonadotropin levels before the age of 40. Most POF females have fertility problems due to defects of germ cell development or complete ovarian failure. Though hormonal therapy could partially restore ovarian function, effects of these treatments are transient, much less for regeneration and repair of the ovaries. With the rise of regenerative medicine, stem cells transplantation gives new hope for repairing POF related ovaries damage. Studies from animal models indicate that stem cell transplantation can, at least in part, repair ovarian structure, improve ovarian function and fertility in POF, i.e., the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) can differentiate to ovaries and facilitate fertility recovery. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, which limits their clinical applications. Here, we discuss the recent progress on the clinical applications of stem cells for POF treatment, which would become promising therapies for POF patients.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793984418410039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42044800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.1142/S1793984418410088
B. Wang, D. Liew, Kevin W. Huang, Li Huang, Wenjie Tang, D. Kelly, C. Reid, Zhongmin Liu
Cardiovascular disease remains the single highest global cause of death and a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Despite the advances in medical treatments, the prevalence and mortality for heart failure remain unacceptably high. New approaches are urgently needed to reduce this burden and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. One such promising approach is stem cell therapy, including embryonic stem cells, bone marrow derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. However, the cardiac microenvironment following myocardial infarction poses huge challenges with inflammation, adequate retention, engraftment and functional incorporation all crucial concerns. The lack of cardiac regeneration, cell viability and functional improvement has hindered the success of stem cell therapy in clinical settings. The use of biomaterial scaffolds in conjunction with stem cells has recently been shown to enhance the outcome of stem cell therapy for heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review outlines some of the current challenges in the treatment of heart failure and acute myocardial infarction through improving stem cell therapeutic strategies, as well as the prospect of suitable biomaterial scaffolds to enhance their efficacy and improve patient clinical outcomes.
{"title":"The Challenges of Stem Cell Therapy in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure and the Potential Strategies to Improve the Outcomes","authors":"B. Wang, D. Liew, Kevin W. Huang, Li Huang, Wenjie Tang, D. Kelly, C. Reid, Zhongmin Liu","doi":"10.1142/S1793984418410088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793984418410088","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease remains the single highest global cause of death and a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Despite the advances in medical treatments, the prevalence and mortality for heart failure remain unacceptably high. New approaches are urgently needed to reduce this burden and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. One such promising approach is stem cell therapy, including embryonic stem cells, bone marrow derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. However, the cardiac microenvironment following myocardial infarction poses huge challenges with inflammation, adequate retention, engraftment and functional incorporation all crucial concerns. The lack of cardiac regeneration, cell viability and functional improvement has hindered the success of stem cell therapy in clinical settings. The use of biomaterial scaffolds in conjunction with stem cells has recently been shown to enhance the outcome of stem cell therapy for heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review outlines some of the current challenges in the treatment of heart failure and acute myocardial infarction through improving stem cell therapeutic strategies, as well as the prospect of suitable biomaterial scaffolds to enhance their efficacy and improve patient clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793984418410088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42192062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.1142/S1793984418410027
Hailing Tang, Mengjie Rui, Chuang Yu, Tao Chu, Chao Li, Zhenzhen Zhan, H. Cao, Hangwen Li, Zhongmin Liu, Haifa Shen
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have a tremendous potential in biomedical applications. Nanotechnology has played an essential role on reprogramming iPSCs. In the current review, we will summarize recent progress on application of nanoparticles and other nanotechnology-based platforms in iPSC generation and in study of iPSC biology. We will also highlight the importance of nanotechnology on biomedical application of iPSCs.
{"title":"Nanotechnology in Generation and Biomedical Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells","authors":"Hailing Tang, Mengjie Rui, Chuang Yu, Tao Chu, Chao Li, Zhenzhen Zhan, H. Cao, Hangwen Li, Zhongmin Liu, Haifa Shen","doi":"10.1142/S1793984418410027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793984418410027","url":null,"abstract":"Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have a tremendous potential in biomedical applications. Nanotechnology has played an essential role on reprogramming iPSCs. In the current review, we will summarize recent progress on application of nanoparticles and other nanotechnology-based platforms in iPSC generation and in study of iPSC biology. We will also highlight the importance of nanotechnology on biomedical application of iPSCs.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793984418410027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46271106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.1142/S1793984418410040
Yang Yang, Xiuhua Li, Wei Liu, Jingwen Chen, Chang-Qiu Liu, Yongchao Cai, Yanxiang Song, Qinghe Tang, Chao Zhang, Zhiying He
Incidence and mortality of liver disease has increased globally in recent years. Orthotopic liver transplantation is a well-developed, effective therapy even for the end-stage liver diseases. However, the application of the technique is limited by the short supply of donors and the complexity of orthotopic liver transplantation. Therefore, hepatocyte transplantation as a new therapeutic option was developed. Unfortunately, the routine supply of high quality human hepatocytes was also restricted and the liver donor was lacking, too. Thus, exploration and study for available and renewable sources of nondonor hepatocytes are both necessary and important. Researches have proved that nondonor hepatocyte-like cells can be derived from various types of cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), liver stem cells (LSCs), fibroblasts by lineage reprogramming, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this review, we describe recent advances in the field of the cell therapy in liver regeneration. In addition, we also discuss the existing restrictions in these types of therapies and ongoing developments.
{"title":"Generation of Hepatocyte-Like Cells by Different Strategies for Liver Regeneration","authors":"Yang Yang, Xiuhua Li, Wei Liu, Jingwen Chen, Chang-Qiu Liu, Yongchao Cai, Yanxiang Song, Qinghe Tang, Chao Zhang, Zhiying He","doi":"10.1142/S1793984418410040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793984418410040","url":null,"abstract":"Incidence and mortality of liver disease has increased globally in recent years. Orthotopic liver transplantation is a well-developed, effective therapy even for the end-stage liver diseases. However, the application of the technique is limited by the short supply of donors and the complexity of orthotopic liver transplantation. Therefore, hepatocyte transplantation as a new therapeutic option was developed. Unfortunately, the routine supply of high quality human hepatocytes was also restricted and the liver donor was lacking, too. Thus, exploration and study for available and renewable sources of nondonor hepatocytes are both necessary and important. Researches have proved that nondonor hepatocyte-like cells can be derived from various types of cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), liver stem cells (LSCs), fibroblasts by lineage reprogramming, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this review, we describe recent advances in the field of the cell therapy in liver regeneration. In addition, we also discuss the existing restrictions in these types of therapies and ongoing developments.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793984418410040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42184132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.1142/S1793984418410015
Guotao Peng, Xiaoxiao Wang, Yuan He, Tianyu Yu, Sijie Lin
Understanding nano–stem cell interactions plays a significant role in fostering both innovative and safe implementation of nanotechnology in stem cell research. Herein, we reviewed the recent advances of engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in stem cell engineering and highlighted the key parameters that led to beneficial effects toward stem cell proliferation or differentiation. Meanwhile, we brought attention to the nanomaterials characteristics that contributed to toxic effects on stem cells with the hope to appeal balanced studies in the future by considering both the applications and implications of nanotechnologies.
{"title":"Nano–Stem Cell Interactions: Applications Versus Implications","authors":"Guotao Peng, Xiaoxiao Wang, Yuan He, Tianyu Yu, Sijie Lin","doi":"10.1142/S1793984418410015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793984418410015","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding nano–stem cell interactions plays a significant role in fostering both innovative and safe implementation of nanotechnology in stem cell research. Herein, we reviewed the recent advances of engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in stem cell engineering and highlighted the key parameters that led to beneficial effects toward stem cell proliferation or differentiation. Meanwhile, we brought attention to the nanomaterials characteristics that contributed to toxic effects on stem cells with the hope to appeal balanced studies in the future by considering both the applications and implications of nanotechnologies.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793984418410015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42722935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.1142/S1793984418410076
Yitong Wei, Lulu Zhou, Danjing Yang, Tianming Yao, Shuo Shi
Stem cells possess great potential for tissue regeneration due to their infrequent capability to differentiate into specialized some other cell lines. The progress of nanomaterials has been remarkable in recent years. Nanomaterials control cellular response by endocytosis, acting as scaffolding roles or nanocarriers and regulating extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, some nanomaterials have outstanding optical and magnetic properties, so can be used for stem cells labeling and imaging which plays an essential role in defining the mechanisms governing stem-cells therapeutics. In this review, focus is put on recent developments in controlling the fate of stem cells and stem cells labeling and imaging by nanomaterials. The effect of nanomaterials based inorganic nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, etc.), organic materials (nanoscale topography), on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells and cancer stem cells will be discussed. Optical imaging (fluorescence and up-conversion luminescence), magnetic resonance imaging and multimodal imaging by nanomaterials of stem cells will also be introduced.
{"title":"Stem Cells Controlling, Imaging and Labeling by Functional Nanomaterials","authors":"Yitong Wei, Lulu Zhou, Danjing Yang, Tianming Yao, Shuo Shi","doi":"10.1142/S1793984418410076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793984418410076","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cells possess great potential for tissue regeneration due to their infrequent capability to differentiate into specialized some other cell lines. The progress of nanomaterials has been remarkable in recent years. Nanomaterials control cellular response by endocytosis, acting as scaffolding roles or nanocarriers and regulating extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, some nanomaterials have outstanding optical and magnetic properties, so can be used for stem cells labeling and imaging which plays an essential role in defining the mechanisms governing stem-cells therapeutics. In this review, focus is put on recent developments in controlling the fate of stem cells and stem cells labeling and imaging by nanomaterials. The effect of nanomaterials based inorganic nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, etc.), organic materials (nanoscale topography), on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells and cancer stem cells will be discussed. Optical imaging (fluorescence and up-conversion luminescence), magnetic resonance imaging and multimodal imaging by nanomaterials of stem cells will also be introduced.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793984418410076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42357678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.1142/S1793984418410052
Xiuhua Li, Yang Yang, Wei Liu, Wenjian Chen, K. Hu, Wanyin Wang, Chao Wang, Yingfu Wu, Zhongmin Liu, Zhiying He
Hepatocyte transplantation has been proved an effective method to help liver regeneration by replacing host deficient cells caused by various disorders or injuries. However, several problems existing in hepatocyte transplantation have limited the clinical application of the technology. These problems include limited survival time of transplanted cells, immune rejection in xenotransplantation and insufficient transplantation efficiency. The rapid development of nanotechnology provides an opportunity for solving these problems. Application of nanomaterials in liver regeneration has been frequently reported recently. According to these researches, nanomaterials have advantages on the aspects of helping cell adhesion and growth, maintaining cell function and inducing cell differentiation. What is more, nanomaterials also exhibited its advantage on cell migration tracking, thus could help to monitor the cells transplantation and noninvasive diagnosis. For the further application of nanomaterials in liver regeneration, a complete understanding of current progress will be necessary and helpful. Our goal in this review is to summarize the current status of the applications of nanomaterials in hepatocyte transplantation. We will focus on nanomaterials that acted as scaffolds for hepatocyte growth and function maintenance, delivery cargo for improving hepatocyte transplantation and trackers for in vivo monitoring.
{"title":"Nanomaterials in Liver Regeneration: The Prospect for Application","authors":"Xiuhua Li, Yang Yang, Wei Liu, Wenjian Chen, K. Hu, Wanyin Wang, Chao Wang, Yingfu Wu, Zhongmin Liu, Zhiying He","doi":"10.1142/S1793984418410052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793984418410052","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocyte transplantation has been proved an effective method to help liver regeneration by replacing host deficient cells caused by various disorders or injuries. However, several problems existing in hepatocyte transplantation have limited the clinical application of the technology. These problems include limited survival time of transplanted cells, immune rejection in xenotransplantation and insufficient transplantation efficiency. The rapid development of nanotechnology provides an opportunity for solving these problems. Application of nanomaterials in liver regeneration has been frequently reported recently. According to these researches, nanomaterials have advantages on the aspects of helping cell adhesion and growth, maintaining cell function and inducing cell differentiation. What is more, nanomaterials also exhibited its advantage on cell migration tracking, thus could help to monitor the cells transplantation and noninvasive diagnosis. For the further application of nanomaterials in liver regeneration, a complete understanding of current progress will be necessary and helpful. Our goal in this review is to summarize the current status of the applications of nanomaterials in hepatocyte transplantation. We will focus on nanomaterials that acted as scaffolds for hepatocyte growth and function maintenance, delivery cargo for improving hepatocyte transplantation and trackers for in vivo monitoring.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793984418410052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47940467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.1142/S1793984418410064
Xiao Han, Yilong Wang, Donglu Shi
We report a sandwich immunoassay strategy for specific isolation and detection of cancer cells. Prostate cancer LNCaP cells overexpressing PSMA (Prostate-specific membrane antigen) were used as the model target to evaluate the performance of immunoassay. Inorganic/polymer nanocomposites with Janus-like structure and enhanced fluorescence properties were synthesized and applied for immobilization of QDs and the antibodies. PSMA antibodies were covalently conjugated to the QDs@SiO2/PS Janus-like composite nanoparticles to construct the fluorescent probes. Magnetic probes conjugated with polyclonal antibodies were used to capture and isolate the cancer cells. Results indicated high potential of the unique nanoprobes in specific isolation and detection of cancer cells.
{"title":"Preparation of QDs@SiO2/Polystyrene Composite Particles for Cancer Cells Detection","authors":"Xiao Han, Yilong Wang, Donglu Shi","doi":"10.1142/S1793984418410064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793984418410064","url":null,"abstract":"We report a sandwich immunoassay strategy for specific isolation and detection of cancer cells. Prostate cancer LNCaP cells overexpressing PSMA (Prostate-specific membrane antigen) were used as the model target to evaluate the performance of immunoassay. Inorganic/polymer nanocomposites with Janus-like structure and enhanced fluorescence properties were synthesized and applied for immobilization of QDs and the antibodies. PSMA antibodies were covalently conjugated to the QDs@SiO2/PS Janus-like composite nanoparticles to construct the fluorescent probes. Magnetic probes conjugated with polyclonal antibodies were used to capture and isolate the cancer cells. Results indicated high potential of the unique nanoprobes in specific isolation and detection of cancer cells.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793984418410064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47153293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1142/S1793984418500046
Yong Hu, Lei Li, Yin Yu, Haishui Huang, B. Uygun, M. Yarmush
Regenerative therapies require availability of an abundant healthy cell source which can be achieved by efficient cryopreservation techniques. Here, we established a novel approach for improved cell cryopreservation using an mRNA-based dCas9-VP64 gene activation system for transient, yet highly efficient expression of epigenetic related genes in mammalian cells for repression of metabolic activity. Before freezing, mammalian cells were treated by dCas9-VP64-modified mRNA and guide RNAs for upregulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and transcriptional co-repressor Sin3A genes. Cell viability, karyotype, pluripotency, and other cell specific functions were analyzed during post-thaw culture. Using conventional cryopreservation protocols, we found improvement of viability in dCas9-VP64 pretreated cells ([Formula: see text]) compared to untreated cells. Combined with dCas9-VP64 system, a reduced amount of cryoprotectant (5% DMSO) did not negatively affect the post-thaw viability. Co-delivering chemically modified dCas9-VP64 mRNA with gRNAs is an efficient gene delivery method compared to DNA-based strategies, without the associated safety concerns. This approach is a simple, yet effective way to accelerate a wide array of cellular research and translational medical applications.
{"title":"RNA-Based dCas9–VP64 System Improves the Viability of Cryopreserved Mammalian Cells","authors":"Yong Hu, Lei Li, Yin Yu, Haishui Huang, B. Uygun, M. Yarmush","doi":"10.1142/S1793984418500046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793984418500046","url":null,"abstract":"Regenerative therapies require availability of an abundant healthy cell source which can be achieved by efficient cryopreservation techniques. Here, we established a novel approach for improved cell cryopreservation using an mRNA-based dCas9-VP64 gene activation system for transient, yet highly efficient expression of epigenetic related genes in mammalian cells for repression of metabolic activity. Before freezing, mammalian cells were treated by dCas9-VP64-modified mRNA and guide RNAs for upregulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and transcriptional co-repressor Sin3A genes. Cell viability, karyotype, pluripotency, and other cell specific functions were analyzed during post-thaw culture. Using conventional cryopreservation protocols, we found improvement of viability in dCas9-VP64 pretreated cells ([Formula: see text]) compared to untreated cells. Combined with dCas9-VP64 system, a reduced amount of cryoprotectant (5% DMSO) did not negatively affect the post-thaw viability. Co-delivering chemically modified dCas9-VP64 mRNA with gRNAs is an efficient gene delivery method compared to DNA-based strategies, without the associated safety concerns. This approach is a simple, yet effective way to accelerate a wide array of cellular research and translational medical applications.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793984418500046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43329232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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