European Journal of Education and Psychology最新文献

The aim of this study was to analyse the predictive power of school refusal on high levels of anxiety about school punishment (ASP). In order to do this, a study was conducted on a sample of 1003 school children from 8 to 12 years of age Primary Education. The measurement tools used were the School Anxiety Inventory for Primary Education (SIPE) and the School Refusal Assessment Scale for Children-Revised (SRAS-R-C). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that school refusal to avoid stimuli that cause negative emotions acted as a statistically significant predictor of ASP in the total sample, as regards gender samples (boys and girls) and in the academic courses samples (3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th years of Primary Education). On the other hand, school refusal to avoid social aversion or evaluation situations and school refusal to seek significant others’ attention influenced positively on high levels of ASP in boys sample and in 4th grade of Primary Education, respectively. These results show the importance of assessing the school refusal behaviour because of the influence that it could exert on the appearance of high levels of anxiety about school punishment.

A study was designed with the aim of identifying different profiles of emotional regulation in a sample of university students, and analysing the differences among the identified profiles in relation to stressors perception and psychophysiological stress responses.

The participants were 504 Spanish physiotherapy students (74% women), with a mean age of 21.06 ± 3.74 years old, which answered the Difficulty Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Academic Stress Questionnaire (stressors scale [ECEA] and response scale [RCEA]).

Based on Cluster analysis, three emotional regulation profiles were identified: students with high emotional regulation profile, students with low emotional regulation profile and students with low emotional regulation but high scores in emotional attention profile.

The results indicated statistically significant differences between the emotional regulation profiles in stress appraisals and psychophysiological responses. Succinctly, students with high emotional regulation profile perceived academic environment as less threatening and showed lesser scores in stress responses. Students with low emotional regulation profile and low emotional regulation but high emotional attention profile showed similar scores, with the exception of sleep disorders. Briefly, physiotherapy students who had higher scores on emotional control and acceptance, perceived the academic setting in a more adaptive way and reported fewer stress responses.

Few studies have been performed on strategies used for coping with daily stress and its associated factors, such as self-concept and emotional intelligence in this context. This study aims to analyse the relationship between strategies used for coping, as well as self-concept, social skills, and emotional intelligence. With this in mind, the study assessed the different strategies used for coping with daily stress, self-concept, social skills, and emotional intelligence. The sample consisted of a mixture of 154 secondary school pupils and students on other training courses. The results showed no statistically significant differences between students in secondary school education and those on training courses in relation to any of the variables in the study. Students with a greater use of productive coping strategies (i.e. active solutions, search for information and guidance, and positive attitude) scored higher in the self-concept academic variables, social skills and emotional intelligence. Inverse relationships were observed between academic self-concept and the strategy ‘indifference’, and between emotional intelligence (emotional repair) and aggressive behaviour. There are positive direct effects of social skills and some dimensions of self-concept in relation to the use of productive coping strategies, such as ‘search for information and guidance’. There are negative direct effects of social skills and self-concept in relation to unproductive coping strategies (social skills in aggressive behaviour and physical self-concept on behavioural avoidance).

The present investigation examines the factorial structure of Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being in university students; 1,402 students took part in the study. Participants were randomized into two independent homogeneous (calibration and validation) subsamples. Various theoretical models proposed by previous research were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Our results indicate that the four factor model (self-acceptance, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth) with no latent factors show the best fit to the empirical data. These findings are discussed according to theoretical and empirical implications.

PSICO-A is a computer system for learning Psychology. It is specially designed for secondary school children. It is the first system in Psychology designed for learning didactic units of the subject. PSICO-A is based on many pedagogical influences, such as concept maps, free retrieval practice, effective feedback, simulations, digital games, and metacognition. A significant improvement has been shown in the conceptual performance in those children that constructed computer-generated maps using the system compared to those that have drawn them by hand. An evaluation was also made of the interactions between concept mapping and simulations, demonstrating that the first group of pupils performed better in simulations than the second group. Further studies are needed to study the influence of these two conditions of concept mapping on the performance of digital games.

The aim of the present study is to assess the risks associated with parental breakup on the children's physical health indicators in relation to adaptive and maladaptive behaviour. A cross-sectional designed study was conducted to assess the physical health indicators of children in relation to the family type (intact homes vs. separated parents). The study was performed in the Primary Healthcare Area of the University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). The sample consisted of 467 children and adolescents, of whom 300 (64.2%) were from broken homes, and 167 (35.8%) from intact families. The data on physical health were gathered using a structured interview, the Structured Developmental History of the BASC. Children living with separated parents had approximately double the risk of gastrointestinal, genitourinary, dermatological and neurological disorders than children in intact families. Parental breakup is a risk factor for the children's physical health in terms of genitourinary, gastrointestinal, dermatological, and neurological disorders.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) and aggressiveness according to their components: physiological-emotional (anger), motor (physical and verbal aggression), and cognitive (hostility). The sample included 776 children from the 3rd to 6th year of Primary School (M = 9.72 years; SD = 1.14). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the Aggression Questionnaire were used to assess, respectively, SPP and components of aggressive behaviour: Anger, Hostility, Physical and Verbal Aggression. The mean difference analysis showed that students with high levels of SPP scored significantly higher on all 4 sub-scales of Aggression Questionnaire, compared with their peers with lower levels of SPP. Moderate effect sizes were obtained for all cases, except for Hostility, where the magnitude of the differences was small. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the 4 dimensions of Aggression Questionnaire predicted significantly and positively high scores on SPP, with the OR ranging from 1.07 to 1.12. The results showed that there is a close relationship between the SPP and manifestations of aggression.

The Matthew effect on reading refers the contrasted phenomenon on how differences in performance between good and poor readers can increase over time. A longitudinal study was conducted on the presence/absence of Matthew effect in a sample of 1st to 5th year Primary School children. A total of 51 students who started Primary School in 2011 were evaluated five times by several reading measurement tools: Collective Test of Reading Efficacy (TECLE), PROLEC-R (a battery of tests for the evaluation of reading processes, ACL (a Spanish reading comprehension test), and BEL (a standardised Spanish reading test). Assessment was carried out each June between 2011 and 2015. A group of children (n = 13) considered at risk of being low performance readers (using a percentile criterion below 25 obtained on the TECLE test at the end of the 1st year). A comparison was then made of the progress over 5 years between this group, and a group of average performance readers (n = 26), as well as high-level performance readers (n = 12) from the same sample of participants. Tracking the reader profile of students at risk, helps to determine the changes generated in these children through the different assessments over the five years of the study. The overall results showed differences between the groups assessed, but differences between readers at risk and other groups were not increased. Furthermore, the individual monitoring of students at risk showed that some children improvised his/her performance in reading above the average. Educational suggestions from the study are discussed.

The term underachievement refers to the discrepancy between students’ potential ability and their observed academic performance. The main objective of this work is to identify students with lower than expected academic performance based on their ability, and to establish the differential factors that characterise them, compared to students whose performance is commensurate with their ability. An in-depth analysis is to be conducted of the conceptual and operational definition of students whose ability is greater than their actual academic performance, and the results obtained using different identification procedures will then be compared. A further objective is to identify the motivational factors that characterise these students and distinguish them from students whose performance is higher than expected, and consistent with expectations. Lastly, the study aims to establish precise educational implications for students, parents and teachers, based on knowledge of these profiles and differential characteristics with the ultimate goal of reversing the lower academic performance of these students.

Psychological well-being in gifted people has been a subject of controversy in the specialised literature. Sometimes it was considered that these people were prone to being psychologically maladjusted, while other results have been inconclusive. A study is presented here on the psychological well-being in people of high intellectual abilities. The Scale of Psychological Well-Being was administered to 28 participants aged between 22 and 34 years old. They were distributed into two groups, one gifted and other with standard intelligence. The gifted group had been identified as such twenty-five years ago, when they were aged between 5 and 13 years, using Renzulli's three-ring identification model. The results did not show significant differences between participants on well-being scale, except for the material well-being subscale.