Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.1080/07268602.2020.1751916
Andreea S. Calude
{"title":"The Crucible of Language: How Language and Mind Create Meaning","authors":"Andreea S. Calude","doi":"10.1080/07268602.2020.1751916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2020.1751916","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44988,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"388 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07268602.2020.1751916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41477313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/07268602.2020.1789552
J. Lu, Haitao Liu
ABSTRACT Many studies have shown that, owing to the constraint of working memory capacity, language users prefer shorter dependency distances. However, these studies, which are all based on dependency distances in sentences or texts, leave the question unanswered: does noun phrase structure also demonstrate the tendency of dependency distance minimization? To answer this question, the article, based on a self-annotated English corpus, was carried out to probe the dependency distance in noun phrases between heads and their pre- and post- modifiers. The results show that the dependency distance between pre-modifiers and heads is much shorter than that between post-modifiers and heads. This finding suggests that noun phrases also show the tendency of dependency distance minimization, although they present a much longer mean dependency distance than sentences.
{"title":"Do English noun phrases tend to minimize dependency distance?","authors":"J. Lu, Haitao Liu","doi":"10.1080/07268602.2020.1789552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2020.1789552","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many studies have shown that, owing to the constraint of working memory capacity, language users prefer shorter dependency distances. However, these studies, which are all based on dependency distances in sentences or texts, leave the question unanswered: does noun phrase structure also demonstrate the tendency of dependency distance minimization? To answer this question, the article, based on a self-annotated English corpus, was carried out to probe the dependency distance in noun phrases between heads and their pre- and post- modifiers. The results show that the dependency distance between pre-modifiers and heads is much shorter than that between post-modifiers and heads. This finding suggests that noun phrases also show the tendency of dependency distance minimization, although they present a much longer mean dependency distance than sentences.","PeriodicalId":44988,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"246 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07268602.2020.1789552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47586599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/07268602.2020.1753011
Mohsen Khedri, Konstantinos Kritsis
ABSTRACT This study examined the use of personal (exclusive first-person plural pronouns) and impersonal (abstract rhetors, periphrastic passives and it-clauses) authorial references in a corpus of 160 research articles in applied linguistics, psychology, environmental engineering and chemistry. The aim was to see if personal and impersonal authorial references, as realized by the rhetorical options chosen, are predisposed to differences across disciplinary rhetorical cultures. The results indicated disciplinary variations in both the frequency and use of personal and impersonal authorial references, especially when the disciplines were compared for contrasting effects. While the applied linguistics and psychology writers favoured the use of exclusive first-person plural pronouns to construct their authorial persona, the environmental engineering and chemistry writers preferred a more detached interpersonal style by opting predominantly for periphrastic passives. Also, the results showed differences in the incidence of use of personal and impersonal authorial references across discourse functions, which could be attributed to the adoption of different interpersonal strategies within the disciplines. The present results are expected to extend our understanding of disciplinary variations towards the use of authorial references in tandem with discourse functions in research articles in the selected disciplines, particularly in the relatively unexplored disciplines of chemistry and environmental engineering.
{"title":"How do we make ourselves heard in the writing of a research article? A study of authorial references in four disciplines","authors":"Mohsen Khedri, Konstantinos Kritsis","doi":"10.1080/07268602.2020.1753011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2020.1753011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined the use of personal (exclusive first-person plural pronouns) and impersonal (abstract rhetors, periphrastic passives and it-clauses) authorial references in a corpus of 160 research articles in applied linguistics, psychology, environmental engineering and chemistry. The aim was to see if personal and impersonal authorial references, as realized by the rhetorical options chosen, are predisposed to differences across disciplinary rhetorical cultures. The results indicated disciplinary variations in both the frequency and use of personal and impersonal authorial references, especially when the disciplines were compared for contrasting effects. While the applied linguistics and psychology writers favoured the use of exclusive first-person plural pronouns to construct their authorial persona, the environmental engineering and chemistry writers preferred a more detached interpersonal style by opting predominantly for periphrastic passives. Also, the results showed differences in the incidence of use of personal and impersonal authorial references across discourse functions, which could be attributed to the adoption of different interpersonal strategies within the disciplines. The present results are expected to extend our understanding of disciplinary variations towards the use of authorial references in tandem with discourse functions in research articles in the selected disciplines, particularly in the relatively unexplored disciplines of chemistry and environmental engineering.","PeriodicalId":44988,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"194 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07268602.2020.1753011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/07268602.2019.1680090
M. Yousefi, Fatemeh Mardian
In Analyzing Meaning Paul Kroeger creates an interconnection between semantics and pragmatics as two evolving, capacious areas of linguistic inquiry. He explores a wide range of topics, including l...
{"title":"Analyzing Meaning: An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics","authors":"M. Yousefi, Fatemeh Mardian","doi":"10.1080/07268602.2019.1680090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2019.1680090","url":null,"abstract":"In Analyzing Meaning Paul Kroeger creates an interconnection between semantics and pragmatics as two evolving, capacious areas of linguistic inquiry. He explores a wide range of topics, including l...","PeriodicalId":44988,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"270 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07268602.2019.1680090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46098508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/07268602.2020.1753651
M. Browne
ABSTRACT The clitic =lku in Warlpiri and Warlmanpa (Ngumpin-Yapa, Pama-Nyungan, Australia) has been previously analyzed as a ‘change of state’ marker indicating some proposition is false at an earlier time, and true at a later time. In this paper, I examine a number of uses of =lku, which require expanding and refining the ‘change of state’ analysis, in order to argue for a new analysis of =lku as a temporal and discourse clitic. The temporal function locates the event or state being modified by =lku in the temporal consequence of another event or state. This function interacts with lexical aspect, triggering an inference of the cessation of an ongoing state or event, if there is one, and encoding the inception of the state or event being modified by =lku. The discourse use of =lku frames new information which should be evaluated against the ongoing discourse. I also demonstrate some striking cross-linguistic similarities, showing that temporal morphemes commonly interact with discourse structure, just as =lku does in Warlpiri and Warlmanpa.
{"title":"Contrast and retroactive implicatures: An analysis of =lku ‘now, then’ in Warlpiri and Warlmanpa","authors":"M. Browne","doi":"10.1080/07268602.2020.1753651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2020.1753651","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The clitic =lku in Warlpiri and Warlmanpa (Ngumpin-Yapa, Pama-Nyungan, Australia) has been previously analyzed as a ‘change of state’ marker indicating some proposition is false at an earlier time, and true at a later time. In this paper, I examine a number of uses of =lku, which require expanding and refining the ‘change of state’ analysis, in order to argue for a new analysis of =lku as a temporal and discourse clitic. The temporal function locates the event or state being modified by =lku in the temporal consequence of another event or state. This function interacts with lexical aspect, triggering an inference of the cessation of an ongoing state or event, if there is one, and encoding the inception of the state or event being modified by =lku. The discourse use of =lku frames new information which should be evaluated against the ongoing discourse. I also demonstrate some striking cross-linguistic similarities, showing that temporal morphemes commonly interact with discourse structure, just as =lku does in Warlpiri and Warlmanpa.","PeriodicalId":44988,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"218 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07268602.2020.1753651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48185967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07268602.2020.1737507
Ksenia Gnevsheva, S. Gonzalez, R. Fromont
ABSTRACT This paper introduces the Australian English Bilingual Corpus, a Russian–English spoken corpus, and uses it for a comparison of automatic time alignment between two different languages. Automatic forced alignment is gaining popularity in corpus research as it allows for time-efficient processing of phonetic information. The Language, Brain and Behaviour: Corpus Analysis Tool is one aligner which compares well with others in terms of alignment accuracy. Most of the forced-alignment work has been done with different varieties of English. This paper compares alignment accuracy between Russian and English and discusses aligner settings and data characteristics that affect it. The results suggest higher alignment accuracy for English than Russian. For Russian, alignment accuracy improves with stress specification; that is, when stressed and unstressed vowels are treated as separate categories.
{"title":"Australian English Bilingual Corpus: Automatic forced-alignment accuracy in Russian and English","authors":"Ksenia Gnevsheva, S. Gonzalez, R. Fromont","doi":"10.1080/07268602.2020.1737507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2020.1737507","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper introduces the Australian English Bilingual Corpus, a Russian–English spoken corpus, and uses it for a comparison of automatic time alignment between two different languages. Automatic forced alignment is gaining popularity in corpus research as it allows for time-efficient processing of phonetic information. The Language, Brain and Behaviour: Corpus Analysis Tool is one aligner which compares well with others in terms of alignment accuracy. Most of the forced-alignment work has been done with different varieties of English. This paper compares alignment accuracy between Russian and English and discusses aligner settings and data characteristics that affect it. The results suggest higher alignment accuracy for English than Russian. For Russian, alignment accuracy improves with stress specification; that is, when stressed and unstressed vowels are treated as separate categories.","PeriodicalId":44988,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"182 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07268602.2020.1737507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47260781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07268602.2020.1732867
V. To, Damon P. Thomas, Angela Thomas
ABSTRACT Persuasive language has been described as the language of power. When a person can use persuasive language effectively in speech and writing, it increases their ability to participate and access power in democratic societies. Persuasive writing is one of three key text types in the Australian Curriculum: English, and language features of persuasive text types are taught across the curriculum. Australian students’ ability to write persuasive texts has been assessed in seven of the past nine years of National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) testing. One of the language features that is considered important in persuasive writing is grammatical metaphor. This paper employs concepts from systemic functional linguistics to examine how ideational grammatical metaphor was used in the 32 highest scoring persuasive texts written by Tasmanian primary and secondary school students for the 2011 NAPLAN test. The results show that high achieving students demonstrated an ability to use ideational metaphor in their persuasive writing from the middle primary school years. This paper aims to provide guidance for Australian primary and secondary school educators by showing how and in what ways high achieving students use grammatical metaphor for persuasive purposes in NAPLAN responses across the tested year levels.
{"title":"Writing persuasive texts: Using grammatical metaphors for rhetorical purposes in an educational context","authors":"V. To, Damon P. Thomas, Angela Thomas","doi":"10.1080/07268602.2020.1732867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2020.1732867","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Persuasive language has been described as the language of power. When a person can use persuasive language effectively in speech and writing, it increases their ability to participate and access power in democratic societies. Persuasive writing is one of three key text types in the Australian Curriculum: English, and language features of persuasive text types are taught across the curriculum. Australian students’ ability to write persuasive texts has been assessed in seven of the past nine years of National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) testing. One of the language features that is considered important in persuasive writing is grammatical metaphor. This paper employs concepts from systemic functional linguistics to examine how ideational grammatical metaphor was used in the 32 highest scoring persuasive texts written by Tasmanian primary and secondary school students for the 2011 NAPLAN test. The results show that high achieving students demonstrated an ability to use ideational metaphor in their persuasive writing from the middle primary school years. This paper aims to provide guidance for Australian primary and secondary school educators by showing how and in what ways high achieving students use grammatical metaphor for persuasive purposes in NAPLAN responses across the tested year levels.","PeriodicalId":44988,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"139 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07268602.2020.1732867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44888669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.1080/07268602.2019.1704874
Arwa Al Thobaiti
{"title":"Three Generations, Two Countries of Origin, One Speech Community: Australian-Macedonians and their Language(s)","authors":"Arwa Al Thobaiti","doi":"10.1080/07268602.2019.1704874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2019.1704874","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44988,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"387 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07268602.2019.1704874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43687106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.1080/07268602.2019.1704836
S. Dixon
{"title":"Bilingualism in the Community: Code-switching and Grammars in Contact","authors":"S. Dixon","doi":"10.1080/07268602.2019.1704836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2019.1704836","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44988,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"263 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07268602.2019.1704836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46893400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.1080/07268602.2020.1734774
Jiaxing Jiang, Jingyuan Zhang
ABSTRACT Traditional studies of evaluation in Systemic Functional Linguistics have presented a wide range of characteristics and resources of implicit and explicit evaluation (henceforth IE and EE). These studies have revealed that IE is tactical and involves complicated expressions but they have not clearly illustrated why speakers/writers choose one linguistic expression of IE instead of another. To address this issue, we carry out a qualitative analysis of IE by establishing an analytical framework comprised of three sub-systems: value, situation and reasoning, based on a reinterpretation of IE in terms of its metafunctions. Within this analytical framework, we generalize a three-dimension space vector model to illustrate the working mechanism behind the choice between various linguistic resources of IE. The model illustrates the collaboration and the complementarity between various constituents in the analytical framework, and what has unfolded in discourse is essentially the result of the vector calculation process.
{"title":"Implicit evaluation in academic discourse: A systemic functional perspective","authors":"Jiaxing Jiang, Jingyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1080/07268602.2020.1734774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2020.1734774","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Traditional studies of evaluation in Systemic Functional Linguistics have presented a wide range of characteristics and resources of implicit and explicit evaluation (henceforth IE and EE). These studies have revealed that IE is tactical and involves complicated expressions but they have not clearly illustrated why speakers/writers choose one linguistic expression of IE instead of another. To address this issue, we carry out a qualitative analysis of IE by establishing an analytical framework comprised of three sub-systems: value, situation and reasoning, based on a reinterpretation of IE in terms of its metafunctions. Within this analytical framework, we generalize a three-dimension space vector model to illustrate the working mechanism behind the choice between various linguistic resources of IE. The model illustrates the collaboration and the complementarity between various constituents in the analytical framework, and what has unfolded in discourse is essentially the result of the vector calculation process.","PeriodicalId":44988,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"160 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07268602.2020.1734774","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47899741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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