Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2022.10.004
Christophe Chaperot (Psychiatre, Psychanalyste, Chef de service)
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Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.02.003
Michel Caire (Psychiatre hospitalier honoraire, Docteur en histoire à l’E.P.H.E.)
Aims
In France, the creation in Paris of Henri-Rousselle Hospital and its “open” psychiatric ward, not subject to the Law of June 30th 1838, one hundred years ago, traditionally marks the end of the asylum period. In the first quarter of the last century, however, several other experiments had been conducted with the same perspective of opening up psychiatry, in general hospitals and in some specialized establishments before and after the First World War. This work aims to clarify the meaning of some specialized terms then in use in the medical field and to compare the objectives and the means implemented by the authors of these various experiments.
Methods
The reports, publications, and scientific communications of the period studied are consulted, compared, and analyzed.
Results
The primary objective of the services established within general hospitals (variously called wards for delirious patients, wards for psychic patients, isolation rooms, etc.) was to ensure the treatment of people suffering from organic pathologies with psychiatric expression: delirious, overexcited, and noisy persons. Emmanuel Régis in Bordeaux in 1902, or Gilbert Ballet at the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris in 1904 paved the way for other achievements. Some of these wares also have a triage function, from which, after a period of observation, the insane person is directed to an asylum. Public hospital services for nervous diseases offered to the person suffering from disorders called psychoneuroses and then neuroses, free cures for the poorest, while the wealthy classes frequented private establishments. As for the open psychiatric wards created within or as annexes to the asylums, they were also for the most part initially intended to respond to these same unmet needs, rather than to improve upon care of the insanes. At the Clinique d’Esquermes with Georges Raviart and at Fleury-les-Aubrais with James Rayneau, two extraordinary experiments were carried out, a source of inspiration for the reformist alienist current, the first in which all patients were placed under the law of 1838, the second in which some were subject to the common hospital regime. During the First World War, the military neuropsychiatric centers offered to asylum doctors enlisted a new field of practice with psychoneurotics and confused patients who were not usually encountered in asylums.
Discussion
The term open psychiatric ward refers to a wide variety of achievements, responding to specific needs, mainly full education for medical students and better care of organic neuropsychiatric pathologies and neurotic pathologies. The achievements aimed at improving the care of “alienated” patients placed in asylum would be a rarity and an afterthought.
Conclusion
In the interwar period, the shortcomings of the asylum system finally led to several initiatives, including that of
目的在法国，亨利·罗塞尔医院及其“开放式”精神病房在巴黎的成立，不受一百年前1838年6月30日法律的约束，传统上标志着庇护期的结束。然而，在上个世纪的第一季度，在第一次世界大战前后，在综合医院和一些专门机构进行了其他几项实验，以同样的视角开放精神病学。这项工作旨在澄清当时在医学领域使用的一些专业术语的含义，并比较这些不同实验的作者所实现的目标和方法。方法查阅、比较和分析研究期间的报告、出版物和科学传播。结果综合医院（也称为谵妄患者病房、精神病患者病房、隔离室等）内建立的服务的主要目标是确保治疗患有器质性病变并伴有精神症状的人：谵妄、过度兴奋和吵闹的人。埃马纽埃尔·雷吉斯（Emmanuel Régis）于1902年在波尔多演出，吉尔伯特芭蕾舞团于1904年在巴黎迪厄酒店演出，为其他成就铺平了道路。其中一些物品还具有分诊功能，在观察一段时间后，精神病患者会被送往精神病院。公立医院为患有精神神经症和神经症的人提供神经疾病服务，为最贫穷的人提供免费治疗，而富裕阶层则经常光顾私人机构。至于在精神病院内或作为其附属机构设立的开放式精神病病房，它们最初在很大程度上也是为了满足这些未满足的需求，而不是为了改善对精神病患者的护理。在与乔治·拉维亚特（Georges Raviart）合作的Esquermes诊所和与詹姆斯·雷诺（James Rayneau）合作的Fleury les Aubrais诊所，进行了两项非凡的实验，这两项实验是改革派alianist潮流的灵感来源，第一项实验将所有患者置于1838年的法律之下，第二项实验将一些患者置于普通医院制度之下。在第一次世界大战期间，为庇护医生提供的军事神经精神中心为精神神经病和困惑的患者开辟了一个新的执业领域，这些患者通常不会在收容所遇到。讨论开放式精神科病房一词指的是各种各样的成就，以满足特定的需求，主要是对医学生的全面教育，以及对器质性神经精神病理和神经性病理的更好护理。旨在改善对被安置在庇护中的“疏远”患者的护理的成就将是罕见的，也是事后才想到的。结论在两次世界大战期间，庇护制度的缺陷最终导致了几项举措，包括安德雷·马洪在马桑山的举措，这与20世纪50年代精神病院的普遍做法非常接近；正如之前在Fleury-les Aubrais颁布的那样，根据自己的要求住院的患者和违背自己意愿住院的患者共享同一场所：与Mahon一起，病房对所有人开放。至于爱德华·图卢兹（Edouard Toulouse）的成就，这将标志着它的时代，它激发了1937年重要的《鲁卡特通告》和1938年的《示范条例》，尽管它们的实际应用还要20年才能生效。
{"title":"Quelques éléments de l’histoire des premiers services ouverts en France","authors":"Michel Caire (Psychiatre hospitalier honoraire, Docteur en histoire à l’E.P.H.E.)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>In France, the creation in Paris of Henri-Rousselle Hospital and its “open” psychiatric ward, not subject to the Law of June 30th 1838, one hundred years ago, traditionally marks the end of the asylum period. In the first quarter of the last century, however, several other experiments had been conducted with the same perspective of opening up psychiatry, in general hospitals and in some specialized establishments before and after the First World War. This work aims to clarify the meaning of some specialized terms then in use in the medical field and to compare the objectives and the means implemented by the authors of these various experiments.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The reports, publications, and scientific communications of the period studied are consulted, compared, and analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The primary objective of the services established within general hospitals (variously called wards for delirious patients, wards for psychic patients, isolation rooms, etc.) was to ensure the treatment of people suffering from organic pathologies with psychiatric expression: delirious, overexcited, and noisy persons. Emmanuel Régis in Bordeaux in 1902, or Gilbert Ballet at the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris in 1904 paved the way for other achievements. Some of these wares also have a triage function, from which, after a period of observation, the insane person is directed to an asylum. Public hospital services for nervous diseases offered to the person suffering from disorders called <em>psychoneuroses</em> and then <em>neuroses</em>, free cures for the poorest, while the wealthy classes frequented private establishments. As for the open psychiatric wards created within or as annexes to the asylums, they were also for the most part initially intended to respond to these same unmet needs, rather than to improve upon care of the insanes. At the Clinique d’Esquermes with Georges Raviart and at Fleury-les-Aubrais with James Rayneau, two extraordinary experiments were carried out, a source of inspiration for the reformist alienist current, the first in which all patients were placed under the law of 1838, the second in which some were subject to the common hospital regime. During the First World War, the military neuropsychiatric centers offered to asylum doctors enlisted a new field of practice with psychoneurotics and confused patients who were not usually encountered in asylums.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The term <em>open psychiatric ward</em> refers to a wide variety of achievements, responding to specific needs, mainly full education for medical students and better care of organic neuropsychiatric pathologies and neurotic pathologies. The achievements aimed at improving the care of “alienated” patients placed in asylum would be a rarity and an afterthought.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In the interwar period, the shortcomings of the asylum system finally led to several initiatives, including that of","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.007
{"title":"Prix de l’Évolution psychiatrique – Jean Garrabé 2023 – Jacques Hochmann « Les Arrangements de la mémoire. Autobiographie d’un psychiatre dérangé »","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.008
Frédérique Lagier (Psychiatre, Cheffe de pôle psychiatrie adulte) , Victoria Isabel Fernández (Maîtresse de Conférences, Psychologue clinicienne) , Christian Védie (Psychiatre)
Aims
Via a brief history of Open-Door Policy (ODP) in psychiatry, we discuss its implications and consequences in daily practice (in ethical, clinical, and psychopathological terms). We think that open-door policy in psychiatry is a tool of care in its own right.
Method
We conducted a literature review to analyze ODP in psychiatry in Europe and also made use of clinical experience in a psychiatric hospital in Marseille, France.
Results
ODP in this hospital is not a daily decision; we would otherwise have good reasons to close our doors every day. This is a collective position and we bear the risks of the collective, free coming and going of caregivers and patients. It requires us to get out of the zero-risk policy mindset, which we consider an impossible and paralyzing ideal.
Discussion
Several studies comparing open- and closed-door policy in psychiatry suggest that open-door services have less recourse to coercive measures. The ODP produces concrete effects for patients and caregivers, beyond the freedom of movement or its restriction.
Conclusion
ODP allows for new clinical and transferential modalities due not only to the openness but also the renewal of patients’ fundamental rights to freedom. ODP maintains a better long-term therapeutic collaboration between patients and caregivers.
{"title":"L’ouverture des services en psychiatrie : effets et paradoxes","authors":"Frédérique Lagier (Psychiatre, Cheffe de pôle psychiatrie adulte) , Victoria Isabel Fernández (Maîtresse de Conférences, Psychologue clinicienne) , Christian Védie (Psychiatre)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Via a brief history of Open-Door Policy (ODP) in psychiatry, we discuss its implications and consequences in daily practice (in ethical, clinical, and psychopathological terms). We think that open-door policy in psychiatry is a tool of care in its own right.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We conducted a literature review to analyze ODP in psychiatry in Europe and also made use of clinical experience in a psychiatric hospital in Marseille, France.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>ODP in this hospital is not a daily decision; we would otherwise have good reasons to close our doors every day. This is a collective position and we bear the risks of the collective, free coming and going of caregivers and patients. It requires us to get out of the zero-risk policy mindset, which we consider an impossible and paralyzing ideal.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Several studies comparing open- and closed-door policy in psychiatry suggest that open-door services have less recourse to coercive measures. The ODP produces concrete effects for patients and caregivers, beyond the freedom of movement or its restriction.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>ODP allows for new clinical and transferential modalities due not only to the openness but also the renewal of patients’ fundamental rights to freedom. ODP maintains a better long-term therapeutic collaboration between patients and caregivers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.009
Benjamin Weil (Psychiatre)
Objective
For three years, my colleagues and I have been leading a seminar on the epistemology of psychiatry. Based on this shared experience, in addition to our own personal experiences (as clinicians, philosophers, etc.), we tackle the question of openness in psychiatry. What does psychiatry open up to ? What idea of progress are we pursuing ?
Method
We have, during these years of work, been lucky enough to be able to grasp a common thread that links the very diverse contributions that have been presented in our seminar, both in terms of the history of our discipline, as well as psychoanalysis, the philosophy of science, anthropology, experiential knowledge.
Result
We note that psychiatry exists in its complete and satisfactory definition only in the debate that we have facilitated with those who have something to say about it from a place that could be judged external: historian, psychoanalyst, anthropologist, philosopher..
Discussion
If a theoretical corpus believes itself sufficient to speak about the psychic thing, it is wrong; however, if we veer into integrative psychiatry we move away differently, but irremediably, from the scientific truth of our object.
Conclusion
We therefore explain a new way of describing the practice of psychiatry: inspired by institutional psychotherapy, which proposes to bring together the transferences of each of the participants in care while respecting subjective integrity, we posit that it is possible to bring together an epistemic constellation for each of our caregiving efforts, bringing together the knowledges necessary for this without distorting them or causing them to lose their radicality.
{"title":"De la psychiatrie intégrative à la constellation épistémique","authors":"Benjamin Weil (Psychiatre)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>For three years, my colleagues and I have been leading a seminar on the epistemology of psychiatry. Based on this shared experience, in addition to our own personal experiences (as clinicians, philosophers, etc.), we tackle the question of openness in psychiatry. What does psychiatry open up to ? What idea of progress are we pursuing ?</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We have, during these years of work, been lucky enough to be able to grasp a common thread that links the very diverse contributions that have been presented in our seminar, both in terms of the history of our discipline, as well as psychoanalysis, the philosophy of science, anthropology, experiential knowledge.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>We note that psychiatry exists in its complete and satisfactory definition only in the debate that we have facilitated with those who have something to say about it from a place that could be judged external: historian, psychoanalyst, anthropologist, philosopher..</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>If a theoretical corpus believes itself sufficient to speak about the psychic thing, it is wrong; however, if we veer into integrative psychiatry we move away differently, but irremediably, from the scientific truth of our object.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We therefore explain a new way of describing the practice of psychiatry: inspired by institutional psychotherapy, which proposes to bring together the transferences of each of the participants in care while respecting subjective integrity, we posit that it is possible to bring together an epistemic constellation for each of our caregiving efforts, bringing together the knowledges necessary for this without distorting them or causing them to lose their radicality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The opposition between psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral therapies seems to have become irreducibly entrenched in people's minds, to the point of appearing and functioning today as a commonplace. The present article shows that French practitioners from both sides have, in the past, tried to overcome their antagonisms by working together within the very first French association dedicated to the study of behavioral therapies. While shedding light on a little-known chapter in the history of French psychiatry and of eclecticism in psychotherapy, this investigation encourages us to think afresh about the issues at stake in the contemporary divergences between psychoanalysts and practitioners of behavioral and cognitive therapies.
Method
The method used is that of the social and cultural history of science. Our study was based on the publications of the main actors in this dialogue, the archives of the Association Française de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, and a series of interviews with several major figures in the history of French behaviorism.
Results
The psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Daniel Widlöcher was the main architect of this “unlikely encounter.” As a founding member and later president of the Association Française de Thérapie Comportementale (AFTC), Professor Widlöcher worked to compare the methods, indications, and opportunities of these two therapeutic approaches; published about his findings; and contributed to the creation of a training institute within the AFTC.
Discussion
By appropriating cognitive methods at the turn of the 1990s, the second generation of therapists evolving within the AFTC made a greater effort to distance themselves from the psychoanalytical paradigm than their predecessors. The publication of the INSERM report on the effectiveness of psychotherapy (2004), followed by the Livre noir de la psychanalyse (2005), definitively undermined the efforts made in the past to combine the two approaches.
Conclusion
Long before the extreme polarization of the mid-2000s, practitioners of psychoanalysis and behavioral therapies worked to overcome their differences in order to find common ground for the implementation of cotherapies. The crux of the discord between psychoanalysts and behavioral therapy practitioners goes beyond mere theoretical and practical issues and debates. The article concludes that this controversy is undeniably linked to questions of power within academic bodies, recognition or social visibility, as well as to economic issues.
目的精神分析和认知行为疗法之间的对立似乎已经在人们的脑海中根深蒂固，以至于在今天显得司空见惯。本文表明，双方的法国从业者过去曾试图通过在法国第一个专门研究行为疗法的协会内合作来克服他们的对立。这项调查揭示了法国精神病学史上一个鲜为人知的章节，以及心理治疗中的折衷主义，同时鼓励我们重新思考精神分析学家与行为和认知疗法从业者之间的当代分歧所涉及的问题。方法采用科学社会文化史研究方法。我们的研究基于对话中主要参与者的出版物、法国复合与认知协会的档案，以及对法国行为主义史上几位主要人物的一系列采访。结果精神病学家和精神分析学家Daniel Widlöcher是这场“不太可能的遭遇”的主要设计者。作为法国复合疗法协会（AFTC）的创始成员和后来的主席，Widlócher教授致力于比较这两种治疗方法的方法、指征和机会；发表了他的发现；并为在AFTC内创建一个培训机构做出了贡献。讨论通过在20世纪90年代初采用认知方法，在AFTC中发展起来的第二代治疗师比他们的前任更努力地与精神分析范式保持距离。INSERM关于心理治疗有效性的报告（2004年）的发表，以及Livre noir de la psycholysanalysis（2005年）的出版，彻底破坏了过去将这两种方法结合起来的努力。结论早在2000年代中期的极端两极分化之前，精神分析和行为疗法的从业者就努力克服他们的差异，为实施联合疗法找到共同点。精神分析学家和行为治疗从业者之间不和的症结不仅仅是理论和实践问题以及争论。文章的结论是，这场争论不可否认地与学术机构内部的权力、认可度或社会知名度问题以及经济问题有关。
{"title":"Psychanalyse et thérapies cognitives-comportementales en France : l’improbable rencontre (1971–2011)","authors":"Florent Serina (maître assistant) , Elsa Forner (chercheuse FNS senior) , Milana Aronov (doctorante FNS) , Rémy Amouroux (professeur associé)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The opposition between psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral therapies seems to have become irreducibly entrenched in people's minds, to the point of appearing and functioning today as a commonplace. The present article shows that French practitioners from both sides have, in the past, tried to overcome their antagonisms by working together within the very first French association dedicated to the study of behavioral therapies. While shedding light on a little-known chapter in the history of French psychiatry and of eclecticism in psychotherapy, this investigation encourages us to think afresh about the issues at stake in the contemporary divergences between psychoanalysts and practitioners of behavioral and cognitive therapies.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The method used is that of the social and cultural history of science. Our study was based on the publications of the main actors in this dialogue, the archives of the Association Française de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, and a series of interviews with several major figures in the history of French behaviorism.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Daniel Widlöcher was the main architect of this “unlikely encounter.” As a founding member and later president of the Association Française de Thérapie Comportementale (AFTC), Professor Widlöcher worked to compare the methods, indications, and opportunities of these two therapeutic approaches; published about his findings; and contributed to the creation of a training institute within the AFTC.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>By appropriating cognitive methods at the turn of the 1990s, the second generation of therapists evolving within the AFTC made a greater effort to distance themselves from the psychoanalytical paradigm than their predecessors. The publication of the INSERM report on the effectiveness of psychotherapy (2004), followed by the <em>Livre noir de la psychanalyse</em> (2005), definitively undermined the efforts made in the past to combine the two approaches.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Long before the extreme polarization of the mid-2000s, practitioners of psychoanalysis and behavioral therapies worked to overcome their differences in order to find common ground for the implementation of cotherapies. The crux of the discord between psychoanalysts and behavioral therapy practitioners goes beyond mere theoretical and practical issues and debates. The article concludes that this controversy is undeniably linked to questions of power within academic bodies, recognition or social visibility, as well as to economic issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2022.11.005
Leandro Jofré Dr. en psychopathologie psychanalytique, enseignant à l’Université de Paris Cité, Psychologue clinicien au PEREN/ANTEA
Objective
In the context of the place and the contributions of psychoanalysis to the treatment of autism, I attempt to unpack the concepts of two of the leading thinkers in the French Lacanian psychoanalytical field, namely E. Laurent and M.C. Laznik, in order to locate convergences and divergences between their approaches.
Method
Critical literature review. Reading of works with a Lacanian orientation. Establishment of a dialogue between the works of Laurent and Laznik through the reading of the concept of foreclosure of the hole by F. Schejtman.
Results
The theoretical models proposed by Laurent and Laznik present more convergences than the distances between the schools of psychoanalysis suggest. Among them, the authors seem to locate, like other psychoanalysts, difficulties for autistic subjects regarding the drive circuit, as well as a freedom of the Imaginary in the knot. The divergences are found above all in the type of clinical practice that results from the proposed models, as well as in the relationship between Symbolic and Real.
Discussion
The discussions relate to important points of Laurent's texts, in order to specify the concept of foreclosure of the hole, and to Laznik's texts, in order to unpack the concept of failure of the third time of the drive and her proposal of a specific knot for autism.
Conclusion
The Lacanian reading of Schejtman makes it possible to establish divergences and convergences in the approaches of the cited authors. From this emerges the need for a dialogue within psychoanalysis if we wish to improve our clinical practice.
{"title":"Autisme et psychanalyse : construction d’un dialogue entre les thèses de M.C. Laznik et E. Laurent","authors":"Leandro Jofré Dr. en psychopathologie psychanalytique, enseignant à l’Université de Paris Cité, Psychologue clinicien au PEREN/ANTEA","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2022.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2022.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In the context of the place and the contributions of psychoanalysis to the treatment of autism, I attempt to unpack the concepts of two of the leading thinkers in the French Lacanian psychoanalytical field, namely E. Laurent and M.C. Laznik, in order to locate convergences and divergences between their approaches.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Critical literature review. Reading of works with a Lacanian orientation. Establishment of a dialogue between the works of Laurent and Laznik through the reading of the concept of foreclosure of the hole by F. Schejtman.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The theoretical models proposed by Laurent and Laznik present more convergences than the distances between the schools of psychoanalysis suggest. Among them, the authors seem to locate, like other psychoanalysts, difficulties for autistic subjects regarding the drive circuit, as well as a freedom of the Imaginary in the knot. The divergences are found above all in the type of clinical practice that results from the proposed models, as well as in the relationship between Symbolic and Real.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The discussions relate to important points of Laurent's texts, in order to specify the concept of foreclosure of the hole, and to Laznik's texts, in order to unpack the concept of failure of the third time of the drive and her proposal of a specific knot for autism.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The Lacanian reading of Schejtman makes it possible to establish divergences and convergences in the approaches of the cited authors. From this emerges the need for a dialogue within psychoanalysis if we wish to improve our clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.01.005
Xavier Bonnemaison (Directeur général, chef de service)
{"title":"Jacques Hochmann : Une vie à transmettre. À propos de… « Les arrangements de la mémoire. Autobiographie d’un psychiatre dérangé » de Jacques Hochmann","authors":"Xavier Bonnemaison (Directeur général, chef de service)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses the theoretical and clinical links between the concepts of resilience and post-traumatic growth (PTC). These two concepts are so closely related that they are often, but wrongly, confused. Yet, they both offer interesting perspectives when distinguished epistemologically. The main objective of this article is to define these two entities and to discuss their complementarity and differences at the theoretical and clinical levels.
Method
A review of the international literature on these concepts was conducted to identify similarities and differences.
Results
It appears that resilience is a well-known and useful concept in psychology, but its definitional variability has consequences at the theoretical, clinical, and psychometric levels. It sometimes refers to the construct of post-traumatic growth that is, nevertheless, complementary and different: post-traumatic growth is described as “positive psychological changes [...] following exposure to a major trauma” and resilience, in its strict definition, refers to a return to pre-traumatic status (i.e. prior to the adverse event). Resilience and growth are two distinct and complementary entities, as they share a number of common processes but have different expressions and purposes.
Discussion
The notions of resilience and post-traumatic growth do not reflect the same phenomena and trajectories in subjects who have experienced adverse events. Resilience refers to a return to a pre-event level of functioning, whereas post-traumatic growth refers to the benefits and positive changes following a trauma with no opposition to suffering, as it would be the root cause of post-traumatic growth.
Conclusion
From a theoretical and clinical point of view, it is important to integrate post-traumatic growth into clinical psychology and psychiatry, in order to better understand the life paths of subjects struggling with psychotraumatic consequences. It would lead to a larger vision of “resistance and overcoming trauma processes” that would not oppose suffering and recovery, but that would study both constructs.
{"title":"Résilience et croissance post-traumatique : enjeux théoriques et cliniques","authors":"Baptiste Alleaume , Nelly Goutaudier , Damien Fouques","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This article discusses the theoretical and clinical links between the concepts of resilience and post-traumatic growth (PTC). These two concepts are so closely related that they are often, but wrongly, confused. Yet, they both offer interesting perspectives when distinguished epistemologically. The main objective of this article is to define these two entities and to discuss their complementarity and differences at the theoretical and clinical levels.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A review of the international literature on these concepts was conducted to identify similarities and differences.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>It appears that resilience is a well-known and useful concept in psychology, but its definitional variability has consequences at the theoretical, clinical, and psychometric levels. It sometimes refers to the construct of post-traumatic growth that is, nevertheless, complementary and different: post-traumatic growth is described as “positive psychological changes [...] following exposure to a major trauma” and resilience, in its strict definition, refers to a return to pre-traumatic status (i.e. prior to the adverse event). Resilience and growth are two distinct and complementary entities, as they share a number of common processes but have different expressions and purposes.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The notions of resilience and post-traumatic growth do not reflect the same phenomena and trajectories in subjects who have experienced adverse events. Resilience refers to a return to a pre-event level of functioning, whereas post-traumatic growth refers to the benefits and positive changes following a trauma with no opposition to suffering, as it would be the root cause of post-traumatic growth.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>From a theoretical and clinical point of view, it is important to integrate post-traumatic growth into clinical psychology and psychiatry, in order to better understand the life paths of subjects struggling with psychotraumatic consequences. It would lead to a larger vision of “resistance and overcoming trauma processes” that would not oppose suffering and recovery, but that would study both constructs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2022.12.011
Jean-Michel Gentizon (Psychanalyste) , Nicolas Dissez (Psychiatre, Psychanalyste) , Clément Fromentin (Psychiatre) , Thomas Lepoutre (Psychologue clinicien, Directeur du département Études psychanalytiques)
Objectives
This interview aims to identify the specific advances of Henri-Rousselle Hospital at the time of its direction by Doctor Georges Daumézon, during the 1970s.
Method
The testimony of Jean-Michel Gentizon, Assistant at Henri-Rousselle Hospital between 1972 and 1976, which situates the historical context through the influential works of this period, allows us to progressively identify the stakes and the consequences of Georges Daumézon's action on French psychiatry.
Results
The policy of opening up to the different fields of psychiatry advocated by Georges Daumézon at Henri-Rousselle Hospital allows us to identify its essential function for French psychiatry in the 1970s. This institution proved to be a particularly innovative hub, soliciting the interventions of the great figures of psychiatry of this period. Its influence concerns the policy of the sector, the institutional psychotherapy movement, the field of clinical research, and the general political consequences of this action.
Discussion
The interview in its conclusion questions the current evolution of psychiatry, the less favorable opening modalities in the following decades, a lesser dialogue between the different currents, and the risks of a more recent narrowing of the current fields of research to the neurosciences alone.
Conclusions
The experience of Henri-Rousselle Hospital, as developed by Dr. Georges Daumézon, proves to be a particularly favorable illustration of a policy of opening up psychiatry to the different currents of its time as well as to the different registers of the human sciences.
{"title":"Une ouverture favorable : l’Hôpital Henri-Rousselle dans les années soixante-dix. Entretien avec Jean-Michel Gentizon","authors":"Jean-Michel Gentizon (Psychanalyste) , Nicolas Dissez (Psychiatre, Psychanalyste) , Clément Fromentin (Psychiatre) , Thomas Lepoutre (Psychologue clinicien, Directeur du département Études psychanalytiques)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2022.12.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2022.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This interview aims to identify the specific advances of Henri-Rousselle Hospital at the time of its direction by Doctor Georges Daumézon, during the 1970s.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The testimony of Jean-Michel Gentizon, Assistant at Henri-Rousselle Hospital between 1972 and 1976, which situates the historical context through the influential works of this period, allows us to progressively identify the stakes and the consequences of Georges Daumézon's action on French psychiatry.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The policy of opening up to the different fields of psychiatry advocated by Georges Daumézon at Henri-Rousselle Hospital allows us to identify its essential function for French psychiatry in the 1970s. This institution proved to be a particularly innovative hub, soliciting the interventions of the great figures of psychiatry of this period. Its influence concerns the policy of the sector, the institutional psychotherapy movement, the field of clinical research, and the general political consequences of this action.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The interview in its conclusion questions the current evolution of psychiatry, the less favorable opening modalities in the following decades, a lesser dialogue between the different currents, and the risks of a more recent narrowing of the current fields of research to the neurosciences alone.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The experience of Henri-Rousselle Hospital, as developed by Dr. Georges Daumézon, proves to be a particularly favorable illustration of a policy of opening up psychiatry to the different currents of its time as well as to the different registers of the human sciences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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