Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.08.001
Hélène Toussaint (Psychologue clinicienne, doctorante Université Rennes 2 – RPpsy), Michel Grollier (Professeur des universités, Université Rennes 2 – RPpsy)
Objectives
The therapeutic proposal of a video-making workshop demonstrates the relevance of video as a tool for accompanying autistic people in their understanding of situations of harassment and in alleviating the traumatic weight of this experience. The short film has also been the subject of preventive action within schools for young autistic people.
Method
A group of four autistic teenagers received in a medico-social service participated in the production of a short film on school bullying. The teenagers created the scenario with the support of three professionals. The case of Jaouen makes it possible to deploy clinical observations and therapeutic support oriented by Lacanian psychoanalysis.
Results
Knowledge of bullying situations was built through the scenes shot and viewed during the workshop. In addition, the traumatic aspect of bullying and the link to others and to language have changed for Jaouen, facilitating his inclusion in his school.
Discussion
The Lacanian psychoanalytical orientation made it possible to accompany Jaouen towards the construction of a living body, supported by a gradual letting go of his instinctual objects (voice and gaze) and by the support of a double. Learning about bullying is a first step, but there also needs to be a subjective effect to truly support the young person in his relationships with others.
Conclusion
Situations of school bullying require the collaboration of the various partners around young autistic people and their parents, but also a place of personal address welcoming the singular inventions of autistic people to reduce their anxieties.
{"title":"Un court-métrage sur le harcèlement scolaire : usage de la vidéo comme outil thérapeutique pour un adolescent autiste","authors":"Hélène Toussaint (Psychologue clinicienne, doctorante Université Rennes 2 – RPpsy), Michel Grollier (Professeur des universités, Université Rennes 2 – RPpsy)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The therapeutic proposal of a video-making workshop demonstrates the relevance of video as a tool for accompanying autistic people in their understanding of situations of harassment and in alleviating the traumatic weight of this experience. The short film has also been the subject of preventive action within schools for young autistic people.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A group of four autistic teenagers received in a medico-social service participated in the production of a short film on school bullying. The teenagers created the scenario with the support of three professionals. The case of Jaouen makes it possible to deploy clinical observations and therapeutic support oriented by Lacanian psychoanalysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Knowledge of bullying situations was built through the scenes shot and viewed during the workshop. In addition, the traumatic aspect of bullying and the link to others and to language have changed for Jaouen, facilitating his inclusion in his school.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The Lacanian psychoanalytical orientation made it possible to accompany Jaouen towards the construction of a living body, supported by a gradual letting go of his instinctual objects (voice and gaze) and by the support of a double. Learning about bullying is a first step, but there also needs to be a subjective effect to truly support the young person in his relationships with others.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Situations of school bullying require the collaboration of the various partners around young autistic people and their parents, but also a place of personal address welcoming the singular inventions of autistic people to reduce their anxieties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"88 4","pages":"Pages 639-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135249186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.06.002
Nicolas Dissez (Psychiatre et Psychanalyste) , Édouard Bertaud (Psychologue Clinicien et Psychanalyste)
Objectives
The Freudian notion of repetition compulsion is marked, in its inaugural conception, by a negative connotation, that of a return of the same, which does not fully reflect the multiple facets of this register. Raising repetition to the rank of one of the four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis, Lacan uses Kierkegaard's text entitled “Repetition” to point out the renewal of fecundity that the tendency towards repetition can induce. This article demonstrates how the creative dimension of repetition finds a particularly vivid illustration in the field of music, a domain that makes regular and varied use of the term “repetition.”
Method
This article takes up themes deployed in a series of conferences during the academic year 2021/2022 at the École Pratique des Hautes Études en Psychopathologie, associating musicians – Vincent Ségal – psychoanalysts – Marc Morali, Corinne Tyszler, Olivier Douville – and music lovers, Mario Choueiry, and leaving a large place to musical listening. This study, beyond a reading of the repetition as an expression of the death drive, studies the way in which we can hear and put to work this Freudian notion through its manifestation in the musical register. In this paper, we explore the question of repetition in the sphere of popular music but also in jazz and classical music in order to apprehend its articulation with the very movement of creation.
Results
In so-called popular music, and mainly in rock music, the covering a song consists in proposing a version, more or less faithful or distant, of an original piece – and not in imitating it. Listening to this cover causes a particular satisfaction in the listener who can identify it. Usually considered as a tribute to the pioneers or the mark of a debt towards elders, the cover version is however above all an attempt, impregnated with hostility, to erase the origin. This is how covers come to not only supplant the original pieces but also to repress them, to make them totally forgotten. Jazz is also attached to covering standards, not only as a necessary learning exercise, but as a way for artists impose their own style and thus gain recognition. The cover of a standard can be the occasion to make audible a blind spot in the original work, or to bring to the surface a trait of identity unknown to itself. Within the context of classical music, the progression of a work is also regularly done through the repetition of a theme that renews itself through slight displacements. Finally, contemporary repetitive music pushes, perhaps to its height, the creativity inherent to the effects of repetition.
Discussion
Pleasure, repression, origin, hostility, imitation, and identification: these terms that are related to repetition are closely linked to psychoanalysis, which only has at its disposal the concept of “repetition.” It is, however, typical to hear oneself on the divan taki
弗洛伊德的重复强迫观念在其最初的概念中被标记为一种消极的内涵，即相同的回归，这并没有完全反映出这个寄存器的多个方面。拉康将重复提升到精神分析的四个基本概念之一，并利用克尔凯郭尔题为“重复”的文本指出，重复的倾向可以诱导生育能力的更新。这篇文章展示了重复的创造性维度如何在音乐领域找到一个特别生动的例子，这个领域经常和不同地使用术语“重复”。本文以2021/2022学年期间在École Pratique des Hautes Études en Psychopathologie举办的一系列会议为主题，将音乐家Vincent ssamugal、精神分析学家Marc Morali、Corinne Tyszler、Olivier Douville和音乐爱好者Mario Choueiry联系起来，并为音乐聆听留下了很大的空间。这项研究，除了将重复解读为死亡驱力的表达之外，还研究了我们如何通过音乐音域的表现来倾听和运用弗洛伊德的概念。在本文中，我们探讨了流行音乐领域的重复问题，也探讨了爵士乐和古典音乐中的重复问题，以便理解它与创作运动的衔接。结果在所谓的流行音乐中，主要是在摇滚乐中，翻唱一首歌包括提出一个版本，或多或少地忠实于原作，或远或远，而不是模仿它。听这个封面会让能识别它的听众产生一种特别的满足感。通常被认为是对先驱者的致敬或对长辈的债务的标记，然而，封面版本首先是一种企图，充满敌意，抹去起源。这就是为什么封面不仅取代了原来的作品，而且压抑了它们，使它们完全被遗忘。爵士乐也依附于演奏标准，这不仅是一种必要的学习练习，也是艺术家强加自己的风格从而获得认可的一种方式。一个标准的封面可以是一个机会，使人们听到原作品中的盲点，或者使一种不为人知的身份特征浮出水面。在古典音乐的背景下，作品的进展也经常通过主题的重复来完成，主题通过轻微的位移来更新自己。最后，当代重复音乐将重复效果所固有的创造力推到了极致。快乐、压抑、起源、敌意、模仿和认同:这些与重复相关的术语与精神分析密切相关，而精神分析只有“重复”这个概念。然而，听到自己坐在沙发上讲述一个梦或记忆的故事是很典型的;一个人甚至可以在中断或终止后通过继续分析来“重复”。这为质疑分析实践中重复的创造性功能提供了机会。结论在分析治疗中引入重复的音乐维度，使我们对其所暗示的实践者的特殊才能产生疑问。重复只有通过在语言的诗歌中发现的解释的转变才具有创造性，从业者通过接近音乐的解释而丰富。
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Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.004
René Roussillon (Professeur d’université)
Objective
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between psychoanalytic metapsychology and the somatic background of lived experience, in order to explore the question of the place of creation in the current psychic process. It is based on the hypothesis that the work of integrating subjective experience recorded at the somatic level presupposes the creation of a form compatible with psychic functioning.
Methodology
It is therefore based on a specific methodology for research into metapsychological modeling, the main thrust of which consists in trying to identify not just one particular statement, but above all the process of theorization that can be identified throughout Freud's texts. In this sense, it is presented as a “clinical theory.” The analysis of the process of theorization, while of course focusing on the propositions that Freud spells out in his texts, is above all centered on an analysis of their sequence, and hence of a certain form of associativity. This method of reading, based on a consideration of the associativity of the texts, assumes the hypothesis of a “transference” from Freud to the “metapsychological witch,” a transference that testifies to the fact that Freud is continuing the self-analytical work begun in the Interpretation of Dreams. For our purposes here, this methodology is epistemologically supported by both work and research from developmental psychology and in certain statements from the neurosciences.
Results
In order to articulate psychoanalytic metapsychology more closely to the somatic background of subjective experience, it is necessary to deconstruct the hypothesis of a perception-consciousness system – a hypothesis born of an illusion of the ego in relation to the speed of cerebral processes – in order to emphasize that perception is a somatic process that is highly organized by the complexity of the cerebral operations that determine its form. Giving perception back its place in the soma also requires us to change our conception of the drive, the thrust of which cannot be separated from the impact of subjective experience on the subject's life. Finally, this paradigmatic inflection allows us to delve deeper into the role and function of the ego's core-envelopes, highlighting their dialectic role in the creation of forms compatible with psychic functioning.
Discussion
The challenge of the paradigmatic evolution thus implied is to open the way to a new consideration of the archaic processes that are very active in a whole series of narcissistic suffering. It should thus open the way to a type of construction-reconstruction work on early experiences and their impact on the rest of psychic development, but also on traumatic experiences that have many points in common with them.
Conclusion
Metapsychology is alive and evolving under the pressure of both clinical and neuroscientific de
{"title":"Créer pour intégrer","authors":"René Roussillon (Professeur d’université)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between psychoanalytic metapsychology and the somatic background of lived experience, in order to explore the question of the place of creation in the current psychic process. It is based on the hypothesis that the work of integrating subjective experience recorded at the somatic level presupposes the creation of a form compatible with psychic functioning.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>It is therefore based on a specific methodology for research into metapsychological modeling, the main thrust of which consists in trying to identify not just one particular statement, but above all the process of theorization that can be identified throughout Freud's texts. In this sense, it is presented as a “clinical theory.” The analysis of the process of theorization, while of course focusing on the propositions that Freud spells out in his texts, is above all centered on an analysis of their sequence, and hence of a certain form of associativity. This method of reading, based on a consideration of the associativity of the texts, assumes the hypothesis of a “transference” from Freud to the “metapsychological witch,” a transference that testifies to the fact that Freud is continuing the self-analytical work begun in the Interpretation of Dreams. For our purposes here, this methodology is epistemologically supported by both work and research from developmental psychology and in certain statements from the neurosciences.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In order to articulate psychoanalytic metapsychology more closely to the somatic background of subjective experience, it is necessary to deconstruct the hypothesis of a perception-consciousness system – a hypothesis born of an illusion of the ego in relation to the speed of cerebral processes – in order to emphasize that perception is a somatic process that is highly organized by the complexity of the cerebral operations that determine its form. Giving perception back its place in the soma also requires us to change our conception of the drive, the thrust of which cannot be separated from the impact of subjective experience on the subject's life. Finally, this paradigmatic inflection allows us to delve deeper into the role and function of the ego's core-envelopes, highlighting their dialectic role in the creation of forms compatible with psychic functioning.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The challenge of the paradigmatic evolution thus implied is to open the way to a new consideration of the archaic processes that are very active in a whole series of narcissistic suffering. It should thus open the way to a type of construction-reconstruction work on early experiences and their impact on the rest of psychic development, but also on traumatic experiences that have many points in common with them.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Metapsychology is alive and evolving under the pressure of both clinical and neuroscientific de","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"88 4","pages":"Pages 497-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138483980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.010
Patrick Martin-Mattera (Psychologue et psychanalyste)
Objectives
H.P. Lovecraft (1890–1937) was an American writer whose work renewed fantasy literature and inaugurated a new genre. His first master was Edgar Allan Poe, but he was also influenced by Lord Dunsany and Arthur Machen. Author of numerous novels and short stories, but also of a rich correspondence of several tens of thousands of letters (as many as 100,000, according to one count!), his world is haunted by the degeneration of bodies, the dissolution of the limits of reality, and the danger of the Other and the intense anguish that it provokes. Preferring the mediation of writing to the real physical presence, Lovecraft expresses a generalized xenophobia tending to racism and based on the disgust caused by the body of the other. The objective of this work is to grasp the psychic dynamics of this writer from two points of view : that of psychopathology and the various diagnoses that have been made, and that of his creative capacity.
Method
Lovecraft's personal history as well as his literary work, his correspondence, and the testimonies of people around him are used as material to decipher his creative process, the signs of his subjective position as well as those that could be related to psychopathology.
Results
Writing, from childhood on, represented for Lovecraft a safeguard against the dangers of the outside world, the screen that protected him from contact with others and therefore also from reality. Lovecraft's literary genius is absolutely inseparable from his being. Lovecraft became by his own means a being of writing, a scriptbeing rather than a talkbeing. The hypotheses about his (psycho)pathology, numerous and sometimes contradictory, can in no way account for his literary talent. It is rather his dreams that guide him in the writing of his short stories.
Discussion
More than an art, more than a formatting of his anguish, more than a deposit and emptying of jouissance, writing for Lovecraft sets up the imaginary screen on which the unbearable real is signified and seized as reality. Writing is for him an addictive, continuous, protective, and necessary exercise : he never stops writing. By its extraordinary extent – novels and correspondence – it occupies the place of the Imaginary, a space where the registers of the Symbolic and the Real are linked together. Thus, for him, the dream becomes a direct and continuous source of creation. The sort of autobiography that has gradually emerged from his correspondence, the testimonies of those who knew him, as well as the reading of his work, have made it possible to establish various psychopathological diagnoses about him that will be submitted for discussion.
Conclusion
Lovecraft's personal journey is that of an unfortunate creator, but one whose writing nonetheless contributed to his survival. For it is also an extraordinary journey of self-therapy. Lov
{"title":"Corps, réel et écriture chez HP Lovecraft. Pistes sur la création et la psychopathologie","authors":"Patrick Martin-Mattera (Psychologue et psychanalyste)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>H.P. Lovecraft (1890–1937) was an American writer whose work renewed fantasy literature and inaugurated a new genre. His first master was Edgar Allan Poe, but he was also influenced by Lord Dunsany and Arthur Machen. Author of numerous novels and short stories, but also of a rich correspondence of several tens of thousands of letters (as many as 100,000, according to one count!), his world is haunted by the degeneration of bodies, the dissolution of the limits of reality, and the danger of the Other and the intense anguish that it provokes. Preferring the mediation of writing to the real physical presence, Lovecraft expresses a generalized xenophobia tending to racism and based on the disgust caused by the body of the other. The objective of this work is to grasp the psychic dynamics of this writer from two points of view : that of psychopathology and the various diagnoses that have been made, and that of his creative capacity.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Lovecraft's personal history as well as his literary work, his correspondence, and the testimonies of people around him are used as material to decipher his creative process, the signs of his subjective position as well as those that could be related to psychopathology.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Writing, from childhood on, represented for Lovecraft a safeguard against the dangers of the outside world, the screen that protected him from contact with others and therefore also from reality. Lovecraft's literary genius is absolutely inseparable from his being. Lovecraft became by his own means a being of writing, a <em>scriptbeing</em> rather than a <em>talkbeing</em>. The hypotheses about his (psycho)pathology, numerous and sometimes contradictory, can in no way account for his literary talent. It is rather his dreams that guide him in the writing of his short stories.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>More than an art, more than a formatting of his anguish, more than a deposit and emptying of jouissance, writing for Lovecraft sets up the imaginary screen on which the unbearable real is signified and seized as reality. Writing is for him an addictive, continuous, protective, and necessary exercise : he never stops writing. By its extraordinary extent – novels and correspondence – it occupies the place of the Imaginary, a space where the registers of the Symbolic and the Real are linked together. Thus, for him, the dream becomes a direct and continuous source of creation. The sort of autobiography that has gradually emerged from his correspondence, the testimonies of those who knew him, as well as the reading of his work, have made it possible to establish various psychopathological diagnoses about him that will be submitted for discussion.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Lovecraft's personal journey is that of an unfortunate creator, but one whose writing nonetheless contributed to his survival. For it is also an extraordinary journey of self-therapy. Lov","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"88 4","pages":"Pages 509-523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134259179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.07.007
Loreline Courret (Docteure en philosophie)
Objectives
The aim of this article is to show that the critique of the place and function of the Oedipus complex in Freudian psychoanalysis implies a critique of Freudian aesthetics.
Method
We will first propose a reconstruction of what Deleuze and Guattari take from Freudian aesthetics, namely an aesthetics of form, centered on the theater, and starting from Freud's experience as a spectator of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex. In a second movement, we will try to identify what Deleuze and Guattari intend to propose to replace this aesthetic of form, and which they name “schizophrenic literature,” situate in the short story rather than in the theater, and explicitly referring to delirium.
Results
This strategic reconstruction allows us to formulate a hypothesis: that Freud would have implicitly made the theater the matrix of subjectivity, first in its aesthetics, but also in his individual aesthetic experiences and his preferences for a certain type of literary work.
Discussion
This systematic reading of Freudian “creative writing” theory challenges the concept of sublimation as the point of doctrine that rests on the selection of an “Oedipal” corpus and type of art. If the aesthetics of the form can be located in Freud's biography as a “literary effect” whose aesthetic pleasure is found in the economy of the spectator's projections onto the objects on stage, the aesthetics of the formless that is expressed by “schizophrenic literature” mobilizes a violence proper to the sublime: it is not definitively formalizable, and calls for very different feelings that transfigure the coordinates of an aesthetic experience.
Conclusion
This schizophrenic tendency of literature leads to an ecological approach to the psychic, attentive to a context where the distinction between nature and culture is never clear.
{"title":"Création littéraire et littérature schizophrénique : Deleuze et Guattari lecteurs de Freud","authors":"Loreline Courret (Docteure en philosophie)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The aim of this article is to show that the critique of the place and function of the Oedipus complex in Freudian psychoanalysis implies a critique of Freudian aesthetics.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We will first propose a reconstruction of what Deleuze and Guattari take from Freudian aesthetics, namely an aesthetics of form, centered on the theater, and starting from Freud's experience as a spectator of Sophocles’ <em>Oedipus Rex</em>. In a second movement, we will try to identify what Deleuze and Guattari intend to propose to replace this aesthetic of form, and which they name “schizophrenic literature,” situate in the short story rather than in the theater, and explicitly referring to delirium.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This strategic reconstruction allows us to formulate a hypothesis: that Freud would have implicitly made the theater the matrix of subjectivity, first in its aesthetics, but also in his individual aesthetic experiences and his preferences for a certain type of literary work.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This systematic reading of Freudian “creative writing” theory challenges the concept of sublimation as the point of doctrine that rests on the selection of an “Oedipal” corpus and type of art. If the aesthetics of the form can be located in Freud's biography as a “literary effect” whose aesthetic pleasure is found in the economy of the spectator's projections onto the objects on stage, the aesthetics of the formless that is expressed by “schizophrenic literature” mobilizes a violence proper to the sublime: it is not definitively formalizable, and calls for very different feelings that transfigure the coordinates of an aesthetic experience.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This schizophrenic tendency of literature leads to an ecological approach to the psychic, attentive to a context where the distinction between nature and culture is never clear.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"88 4","pages":"Pages 525-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114928034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.008
Jean-Louis Feys (psychiatre, médecin-chef CP)
Objectives
Institutional psychotherapy remains an important current of thought for anyone working in hospitals or in institutions with patients suffering from psychiatric problems. Jean Oury is the main figure of this current and he always maintained that all the ideas and notions of institutional psychotherapy could only be thought of in conjunction with a daily practice centered on psychosis in general and on schizophrenia in particular. It therefore seemed interesting to us to try to summarize Oury's definition and conception of psychosis and schizophrenia.
Method
The value of our contribution is relative: Oury never wanted to give lectures on the subject and he refused the academic discourse. His style and his mainly oral teaching do not lend itself to a somewhat academic summary. Nevertheless, it seemed to us that the exercise was worth it. Based on numerous quotations, we wanted to synthesize Jean Oury's position.
Findings
The nosology on which Oury relies is borrowed from classical psychiatry and is, in our opinion, not the most appropriate for a clinical practice that advocates reception and encounter.
Discussion
For the future of institutional psychotherapy, it is undoubtedly important to dissociate all the recommendations of the movement to heal the institution from the nosology on which they are based.
Conclusion
Only institutional psychotherapy has taught us to try to heal care institutions and to fight against the natural tendency of these places to segregation and caregiver-patient power relations. But a clinical practice of reception and encounter deserves better than a nosology borrowed from classical psychiatry.
{"title":"Schizophrénie et psychose chez Jean Oury","authors":"Jean-Louis Feys (psychiatre, médecin-chef CP)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Institutional psychotherapy remains an important current of thought for anyone working in hospitals or in institutions with patients suffering from psychiatric problems. Jean Oury is the main figure of this current and he always maintained that all the ideas and notions of institutional psychotherapy could only be thought of in conjunction with a daily practice centered on psychosis in general and on schizophrenia in particular. It therefore seemed interesting to us to try to summarize Oury's definition and conception of psychosis and schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The value of our contribution is relative: Oury never wanted to give lectures on the subject and he refused the academic discourse. His style and his mainly oral teaching do not lend itself to a somewhat academic summary. Nevertheless, it seemed to us that the exercise was worth it. Based on numerous quotations, we wanted to synthesize Jean Oury's position.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>The nosology on which Oury relies is borrowed from classical psychiatry and is, in our opinion, not the most appropriate for a clinical practice that advocates reception and encounter.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>For the future of institutional psychotherapy, it is undoubtedly important to dissociate all the recommendations of the movement to heal the institution from the nosology on which they are based.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Only institutional psychotherapy has taught us to try to heal care institutions and to fight against the natural tendency of these places to segregation and caregiver-patient power relations. But a clinical practice of reception and encounter deserves better than a nosology borrowed from classical psychiatry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"89 2","pages":"Pages 205-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139297270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.007
Objective
The objective of this article consists in presenting the historical and epistemological analysis of the various psychological currents at the origin of the creation of the various play-based projective tests during the 20th century in Europe. The historical and conceptual sources of these proofs being fragmentary, an analysis of the archives proved necessary in order to grasp the nature of their differences and their common elements. The psychodynamic analysis of the child's motives for playing, along with their traces in the adolescent and in the adult, make it possible to think about the different modes of apprehension of the analysis of play according to the tests’ creators. The different objectives of these creators are analyzed in order to perceive the theoretical background that motivated their creations.
Method
The presentation of the Scenotest to autistic children and the various interpretative possibilities led me to return to the historical sources of the different contexts of the creation of play-based tests: The World Test, The Village Test, The Imaginary Village Test, The Scenotest. The quest for expression through play is constantly questioned according to different concepts in order to access humans’ modes of psychic and perceptual functioning. However, we can observe common elements in the approach to the investment of space and time, which we propose to analyze. The updating of the links between the various creators and researchers leads to an examination of a shared foundation for the various play-based projective tests under discussion, differences in treatment of the material, as well as their implementation. The contribution for each version of the play tests is recorded in the analysis of the diversification of methods.
Results
The results attest to a common goal centered on the spatial treatment of constructions and what they reveal of the unconscious of each one as well as their links to the collective. Admittedly, research projects take on different colors depending on the creators. There is no shared method: each creator deploys his personal method of analyzing the creation of individual and collective living spaces, circulation spaces. However, we have grouped together several common elements: - None of the test creators make a link with Freudian infantile sexuality. - The focus is on the action of the game, which is used to decipher the qualities of constructions, even strategies to distribute the constructions. - The observation and analysis of the modes of projection of spatial representations are common. However, the motor expression of affect is not noted as an index of psychic economy. The qualities of the affects present in the modes of assembly of the constructions, from the child to the adult, are not analyzed. - The superposition of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach is one of the common elements; the same tools are used in differ
本文旨在从历史和认识论的角度分析 20 世纪欧洲各种游戏投射测验产生的各种心理学思潮。由于这些证明的历史和概念来源零散，因此有必要对档案进行分析，以掌握它们的差异和共同点。对儿童游戏动机的心理动力学分析，以及这些动机在青少年和成人身上的痕迹，使我们有可能思考根据测试的创造者对游戏分析的不同理解模式。对这些创造者的不同目标进行了分析，以了解促使他们进行创造的理论背景。方法向自闭症儿童展示场景测试和各种解释的可能性促使我回到以游戏为基础的测 试的不同创造背景的历史源头：世界测试"、"村庄测试"、"想象村庄测试 "和 "场景测试"。为了了解人类的心理和感知功能模式，人们根据不同的概念不断质疑通过游戏进行表 达的追求。然而，我们可以观察到空间和时间投资方法中的共同要素，我们建议对其进行分析。通过更新不同创作者和研究者之间的联系，我们将对所讨论的各种基于游戏的投射测验的共同基础、材料处理的差异以及实施情况进行研究。结果结果证明了一个共同的目标，其核心是对结构的空间处理，以及它们所揭示的每个人的无意识及其与集体的联系。诚然，研究项目因创作者的不同而呈现出不同的色彩。没有共同的方法：每个创作者都采用个人的方法来分析个人和集体生活空间、流通空间的创造。不过，我们还是归纳出了几个共同点：- 没有一个试验的创作者将弗洛伊德的幼稚性行为联系起来。- 重点在于游戏的动作，它被用来解读建筑的特质，甚至是分配建筑的策略。- 对空间表象投射模式的观察和分析是常见的。然而，情感的动作表达并没有作为心理经济的指标而受到关注。从儿童到成人，都没有对结构组装模式中的情感特质进行分析。- 诊断和治疗方法的叠加是共同的要素之一；在不同的环境中使用相同的工具。- 没有创作者提及环境质量和 20 世纪这一时期人们所遭受的重大创伤性动荡及其痕迹。荣格的作品经常被引用，并作为这两个框架中反思的基础；荣格理论的影响在此时显得相对广泛。目前对自闭症和老年问题的研究反映了正在进行的深入研究。在 G. von Staabs 的著作中多次出现的一个思考也跨越了场景测试所涉及的两个领域，即心理治疗和诊断调查。在这个环境遭到破坏的时期，对建筑的提及是很有意义的；相反，游戏和对儿童自由联想能力的分析却被抛在了脑后。莫妮卡-博克霍尔特（Monika Boekholt）在场景测试方面的工作，使我们有可能提出一种解释表演过程的新方法，即通过分析身体在思维中的不同表现方式，从知觉感官痕迹到初级和次级识别工作。在我们使用场景测试法对患有自闭症的儿童和青少年进行研究期间，我们惊讶地发现，患者对要构建的元素非常关注，他们会立即投入构建双层底和/或加固游戏区域的边缘。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.005
Thomas de Castelbajac (Docteur en philosophie, psychologue clinicien, psychanalyste) , Pierre Paini (Psychiatre)
Objectives
As the concept of crisis has permeated all disciplinary fields, it has become less intelligible. This phenomenon is also valid in psychiatry, on account of the usage of the concept in relation with different realities. Thus, our present case study takes interest in what the psychic crisis is, so as to clarify how it appears for individual subjects through its various manifestations, whose heterogeneity has an undeniable clinical interest.
Methodology
In an attempt to provide a granular definition of the psychic crisis, we will first put forth a historical and etymological study. Then, based on a system of psychoanalytical references supplied with contributions from philosophy and particularly from phenomenology, we will address in what way any psychic crisis comes as a critical reaction to an encounter with the real, which appears as a discontinuity, an event for the subject.
Results
We theorize that the internal disruption caused by the psychic crisis phenomenon, which tears apart the subject's representations, stems from its unique operating mode by means of the language use to interact with the surrounding world. The subject going through a crisis, and accompanied by health care professionals, will be guided to a decision that aims at creating a new livable mode following the downfall of their former objective certainty.
Debate
Hence, we believe any psychic crisis unravels the subject as a being to themselves. However, such an epiphany is not harmless, which is why the health care professional plays an even greater role in this instance. Running counter to current practices, the health care professional must not hinder the psychic crisis when it arises, but, instead, make space for any uniquely subjective creation that is likely to come forth.
Conclusion
We advocate for the emergence of a new mode of being, of dealing with the world, while facilitating the subject's fashioning of their own dynamic narrative, of the crisis they are going through. We believe, indeed, that such are the ethical prerequisites of care, with regard to the psychic crisis.
{"title":"Sur la crise psychique : considération inactuelle","authors":"Thomas de Castelbajac (Docteur en philosophie, psychologue clinicien, psychanalyste) , Pierre Paini (Psychiatre)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>As the concept of crisis has permeated all disciplinary fields, it has become less intelligible. This phenomenon is also valid in psychiatry, on account of the usage of the concept in relation with different realities. Thus, our present case study takes interest in what the psychic crisis is, so as to clarify how it appears for individual subjects through its various manifestations, whose heterogeneity has an undeniable clinical interest.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>In an attempt to provide a granular definition of the psychic crisis, we will first put forth a historical and etymological study. Then, based on a system of psychoanalytical references supplied with contributions from philosophy and particularly from phenomenology, we will address in what way any psychic crisis comes as a critical reaction to an encounter with the real, which appears as a discontinuity, an event for the subject.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We theorize that the internal disruption caused by the psychic crisis phenomenon, which tears apart the subject's representations, stems from its unique operating mode by means of the language use to interact with the surrounding world. The subject going through a crisis, and accompanied by health care professionals, will be guided to a decision that aims at creating a new livable mode following the downfall of their former objective certainty.</p></div><div><h3>Debate</h3><p>Hence, we believe any psychic crisis unravels the subject as a being to themselves. However, such an epiphany is not harmless, which is why the health care professional plays an even greater role in this instance. Running counter to current practices, the health care professional must not hinder the psychic crisis when it arises, but, instead, make space for any uniquely subjective creation that is likely to come forth.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We advocate for the emergence of a new mode of being, of dealing with the world, while facilitating the subject's fashioning of their own dynamic narrative, of the crisis they are going through. We believe, indeed, that such are the ethical prerequisites of care, with regard to the psychic crisis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"89 2","pages":"Pages 177-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.003
Julie Chevalier (Psychologue clinicienne, docteure en psychologie clinique et psychopathologie)
Objectives
The environment is a concept that allows us to re-examine classical psychoanalytic psychopathology, starting with the nature of the symptom and the processes that structure it, then the notions of the normal and the pathological. This article thus proposes the main axes of a psychoanalytic psychopathology of the environment in an intersubjective dimension.
Method
We carry out a singular reading and analysis of Donald W. Winnicott's theories on the environment and the concepts related to it, in particular dependence, the self, aggressiveness, and repair. Then we describe their complementarities and their breaks with Anglo-Saxon theories, as developed by Sándor Ferenczi, Melanie Klein, and Michael Balint.
Results
There are different types of failures depending on whether the environment impinges affectively and bodily on the needs of the infant through seduction, torment, or disappearance. What matters is the moment of dependence during which they take place, generating either potentially a psychotic or manic-depressive organization at the moment of absolute dependence, or potentially an antisocial organization at the moment of relative dependence. The failures of the environment (Winnicott) can thus be considered complementary to the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions (Klein), as well as to the concepts of ocnophilia and philobatism (Balint).
Discussion
The concept of environment also shows how motor skills constitute an important intersubjective experience in the construction of the self. In parents, this manifests itself above all in ordinary holding; in infants, in the aggressiveness at the origin of their spontaneous gestures, both destructive and creative, then becoming more broadly restorative in the family and social environments. Regression to dependence may become necessary for the exploration of primary experiences inherent to the individual-environment dyad, and may also have a function of intersubjective reintegration.
Conclusion
This sketch for a psychoanalytic psychopathology of the environment is therefore relevant for interpreting the sufferings of the self as intersubjective “disorders” and for analyzing clinical cases of regression to dependence in the analytic situation.
目标环境是一个可以让我们重新审视经典精神分析精神病理学的概念，首先是症状的性质和构成症状的过程，然后是正常和病态的概念。方法我们对唐纳德-温尼科特（Donald W. Winnicott）关于环境的理论以及与之相关的概念，尤其是依赖、自我、攻击性和修复等概念，进行了独特的解读和分析。结果根据环境是否通过诱惑、折磨或消失等方式对婴儿的需求造成情感和身体上的影响，会出现不同类型的失败。重要的是，这些失败发生在依赖的时刻，在绝对依赖的时刻可能产生精神病或躁狂抑郁组织，在相对依赖的时刻可能产生反社会组织。因此，环境的失败（温尼科特）可以被认为是对偏执狂-分裂样态和抑郁样态（克莱因），以及恋物癖和恋物癖概念（巴林特）的补充。在父母身上，这首先表现在普通的拥抱上；在婴儿身上，则表现在其自发手势的攻击性上，既有破坏性的，也有创造性的，然后在家庭和社会环境中变得更具有广泛的恢复性。因此，这一精神分析环境心理病理学的草图对于将自我的痛苦解释为主体间的 "失调"，以及在分析情境中分析向依赖性回归的临床病例具有重要意义。
{"title":"Esquisse pour une psychopathologie psychanalytique de l’environnement","authors":"Julie Chevalier (Psychologue clinicienne, docteure en psychologie clinique et psychopathologie)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The environment is a concept that allows us to re-examine classical psychoanalytic psychopathology, starting with the nature of the symptom and the processes that structure it, then the notions of the normal and the pathological. This article thus proposes the main axes of a psychoanalytic psychopathology of the environment in an intersubjective dimension.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We carry out a singular reading and analysis of Donald W. Winnicott's theories on the environment and the concepts related to it, in particular dependence, the self, aggressiveness, and repair. Then we describe their complementarities and their breaks with Anglo-Saxon theories, as developed by Sándor Ferenczi, Melanie Klein, and Michael Balint.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There are different types of failures depending on whether the environment impinges affectively and bodily on the needs of the infant through seduction, torment, or disappearance. What matters is the moment of dependence during which they take place, generating either potentially a psychotic or manic-depressive organization at the moment of absolute dependence, or potentially an antisocial organization at the moment of relative dependence. The failures of the environment (Winnicott) can thus be considered complementary to the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions (Klein), as well as to the concepts of ocnophilia and philobatism (Balint).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The concept of environment also shows how motor skills constitute an important intersubjective experience in the construction of the self. In parents, this manifests itself above all in ordinary holding; in infants, in the aggressiveness at the origin of their spontaneous gestures, both destructive and creative, then becoming more broadly restorative in the family and social environments. Regression to dependence may become necessary for the exploration of primary experiences inherent to the individual-environment dyad, and may also have a function of intersubjective reintegration.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This sketch for a psychoanalytic psychopathology of the environment is therefore relevant for interpreting the sufferings of the self as intersubjective “disorders” and for analyzing clinical cases of regression to dependence in the analytic situation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"89 1","pages":"Pages 148-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135605963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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