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Entretien avec Louis Sass par Jérôme Englebert. Réalisé à Rutgers University (New Jersey, USA) le 21 mars 2023 Jerome Englebert对Louis Sass的采访。2023年3月21日在罗格斯大学(美国新泽西州)实现
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.01.009
Louis Sass (professeur) , Jérôme Englebert (professeur)

Objective

The aim of this paper is to present an interview with Louis Sass, Professor of Clinical Psychology at Rutgers University, USA. His work is recognized worldwide, and he has been a visiting professor at several institutions, notably in Paris in 2008–2009, and in Belgium in Ghent, Brussels, and Liège in 2023–2024 (as part of the Chaire Francqui program). The interview was conducted in French during Jérôme Englebert's academic stay in New York and at Rutgers University.

Method

The method consists of an interview with Louis Sass. The questions concern his main influences and the original readings he makes of authors essential to his work. The transdisciplinary dimension of his work is also highlighted and discussed.

Results

Louis Sass is one of the leading specialists in the phenomenological understanding of schizophrenia. He has published numerous articles and several books on psychopathology, the most famous of which is Madness and Modernism: Insanity in the Light of Modern Art, Literature, and Thought (Revised edition, Oxford University Press, 2017). This book is an attempt to understand the schizophrenic mind by exploring its parallels with the avant-garde art and thought of 20th century “modernism” and “postmodernism.” Madness and Modernism introduced the concept of hyper-reflexivity, which is today considered, in the field of phenomenological psychopathology, as a crucial element of schizophrenic experience and a characteristic sign of this existential condition. In addition to psychopathology, Professor Sass's contributions are also to be found in the fields of philosophy, psychoanalysis, art, anthropology, and ethnography. He is also interested in the Rorschach test, which he teaches to clinical psychology students at Rutgers University.

Discussion

One sentence in this interview neatly sums up Sass's interest in developing original ways of understanding complex phenomena such as psychopathological conditions, but also various forms of literary and artistic expression or, more recently, different ontologies encountered in ethnographic fieldwork: “What interests me is appreciating the sophistication of others who have been seen in an overly simplistic way.”

Conclusion

This interview provides an overview of the work of this important author of phenomenological psychopathology.
本文的目的是对美国罗格斯大学临床心理学教授Louis Sass进行采访。他的工作在世界范围内得到认可,他曾在几家机构担任客座教授,特别是2008-2009年在巴黎,以及2023-2024年在比利时根特、布鲁塞尔和利弗里奇(作为Francqui主席计划的一部分)。采访是在Jérôme Englebert在纽约和罗格斯大学(Rutgers University)学习期间用法语进行的。方法对Louis Sass进行访谈。这些问题涉及他的主要影响和他对他的作品必不可少的作者的原始阅读。他的工作的跨学科维度也被强调和讨论。结果louis Sass是精神分裂症现象学研究的主要专家之一。他发表了许多关于精神病理学的文章和书籍,其中最着名的是《疯狂与现代主义:现代艺术,文学和思想中的疯狂》(修订版,牛津大学出版社,2017年)。这本书试图通过探索精神分裂症与20世纪“现代主义”和“后现代主义”的前卫艺术和思想的相似之处来理解精神分裂症。《疯狂与现代主义》引入了超反身性的概念,今天在现象学精神病理学领域,它被认为是精神分裂症经验的一个关键因素,也是这种存在状态的一个特征标志。除了精神病理学,萨斯教授的贡献还体现在哲学、精神分析、艺术、人类学和民族志等领域。他还对罗夏测试感兴趣,他在罗格斯大学(Rutgers University)教授临床心理学学生。这篇访谈中的一句话巧妙地总结了萨斯对发展理解复杂现象的原始方法的兴趣,比如精神病理状况,还有各种形式的文学和艺术表达,或者最近在民族志田野调查中遇到的不同本体论:“我感兴趣的是欣赏那些以过于简单化的方式看待的人的成熟。”本次访谈提供了这位现象学精神病理学重要作者的工作概述。
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引用次数: 0
Spécificités du transfert dans l’autisme. Du cas Dick à la psychanalyse contemporaine avec les autistes 自闭症中移情的特殊性。从迪克到当代自闭症精神分析
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.01.005
Myriam Chérel (Maître de conférence en psychopathologie clinique)

Objectives

The aim of this work is to examine the specific features of transference in autism and define the aim of analytic treatments with autistic patients.

Method

Based on a literature review of the pioneers of psychoanalysis with autistic children, their conceptions of autism, the richness of their clinical teachings, and the analytic treatments they proposed, we formulate the hypothesis of a specific type of transference in clinical work with autistic children and propose a treatment orientation based on the fact that the analyst centers their intervention on the child's spontaneous solution.

Results

We demonstrate that transference in autism is mediated by the autistic double. Through the double, the subject avoids exchange, protects himself/herself from the encounter with the Other, and constructs his/her autistic dynamic. From the clinician's point of view, agreeing to bear the image of a double favors the construction or deployment of a solution specific to the subject, enabling them to inscribe themselves in the world. From then on, the subject can establish his or her construction with the help of a partner. Witnessing and guaranteeing the autistic person's suppletive construction seems to be the major transferential function, while at the same time opposing any outbursts of the drives.

Discussion

Our re-reading of the Dick case shows that the particular status of the object for the autistic person is a reference point from which the treatment can be oriented. This case, like other clinical studies, highlights the specific functioning of autistic thought, its subjective dynamics and particular skills, an originality that requires specific treatment directions.

Conclusion

Analytical practice with autistic patients, as we see it, is based on the functions of the autistic edge: protection, equipping jouissance, opening up to knowledge. When it's not there from the outset, opposing the outbursts of jouissance seems one of the best ways to provoke its election. Tempering the child's jouissance is also the best way to encourage the unfolding of his or her subjective construction. For analysts who work with autistic people, we recommend allowing oneself to bear the image of a double in order to instill change in the immutable, and a gentle forcing towards a beyond of the double.
目的探讨自闭症患者移情的具体特征,确定自闭症患者分析治疗的目的。方法通过对自闭症儿童精神分析的先驱、他们对自闭症的概念、丰富的临床教学和他们提出的分析治疗方法的文献回顾,我们提出了自闭症儿童临床工作中特定类型移情的假设,并提出了基于分析师以儿童自发解决为中心的干预的治疗取向。结果自闭症的移情是由自闭症双元介导的。通过双重,主体避免交换,保护自己不与他者相遇,并构建他/她的自闭动态。从临床医生的角度来看,同意承担双重形象有利于构建或部署特定于受试者的解决方案,使他们能够将自己铭刻在世界上。从那时起,主体可以在同伴的帮助下建立自己的结构。见证和保证自闭症患者的补充建构似乎是主要的转移功能,同时反对任何冲动的爆发。我们对迪克案例的重读表明,自闭症患者的特定对象地位是治疗的参考点。像其他临床研究一样,这个案例强调了自闭症思维的特定功能,它的主观动态和特殊技能,一种需要特定治疗方向的独创性。结论自闭症患者的分析实践,正如我们所看到的,是基于自闭症边缘的功能:保护,装备欢爽,打开知识。当它从一开始就不存在时,反对欢爽的爆发,似乎是刺激它当选的最好方法之一。调和孩子的欢爽也是最好的方式来鼓励展开他或她的主观建构。对于与自闭症患者一起工作的分析师,我们建议允许自己承担双重形象,以便在不可变的事物中灌输变化,并温和地强迫自己超越双重。
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引用次数: 0
CV2 - editorial board CV2 -编委会
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0014-3855(25)00006-4
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引用次数: 0
Une proposition neuropsychanalytique novatrice pour une psychologie sans téléologie. À propos de… « Les Coulisses du Cerveau. L’inconscient aux commandes » de Jean-Pol Tassin 一个创新的神经精神分析建议的心理学没有目的论。关于……《大脑的褶皱》。让-波尔·塔辛(Jean-Pol Tassin)
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.01.004
Ariane Bazan (Professeure des Universités, Directrice d’InterPsy (UR 200919245J))
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引用次数: 0
L'école de Budapest : le retour. À propos de … « Les voix de Budapest » de Nicolas Geissmann 布达佩斯学校:回归。尼古拉·盖斯曼的《布达佩斯之声》
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2024.11.002
Pierre Delion (Professeur émérite de pédopsychiatrie, Praticien hospitalier honoraire, Psychanalyste)
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引用次数: 0
Zoe Chalaux, Multitudes, 2023 Zoe Chalaux, Multitudes, 2023
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.01.002
Norbert Godon (Artiste, conférencier)
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引用次数: 0
Aux mânes de Constance Pascal. À propos de… « Constance Pascal. Une pionnière de la psychiatrie française (1877–1937) » de Felicia Gordon 康斯坦斯·帕斯卡。《康斯坦斯·帕斯卡》。《法国精神病学先驱》(1877—1937),作者:Felicia Gordon
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2024.11.005
Michel Caire (Psychiatre hospitalier honoraire, Docteur en histoire à l’E.P.H.E. (Paris-Sorbonne))
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引用次数: 0
La psychiatrie est-elle prédisposée au scientisme ? 精神病学倾向于科学吗?
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2024.10.007
Philippe Amarilli (psychiatre des hôpitaux, ex-chef de clinique, ex-maître de conférences associé à l’ULP Strasbourg)

Objective

The author explores the risk of essentializing pathological entities, over time and in particular nowadays, and reflects on psychiatry's potential predisposition to scientism.

Method

The author revisits the foundations of psychiatry through the study of several major authors who have had an epistemological reflection on the order of psychiatric discourse (Foucault, Lacan, Swain, Lantéri-Laura, Dowbiggin, etc.).

Results

Psychiatric logic is characterized by the emergence of a subjective position of exteriority to insanity on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the postulate of an organicity of the morbid process inherent to medical logic, even before any psychiatric knowledge is constituted.

Discussion

The author emphasizes the uniqueness of psychiatry within the medical field, in that it has undergone considerable institutional and social development, even though the promise of future knowledge that would fully establish its legitimacy did not materialize during that time.

Conclusion

The author sees a predisposition to scientism in this assumption of taking a medical approach to mental suffering, combined with a quest for legitimacy within that same field. He concludes that the psychiatric entities that are developing deserve to be questioned in light of the specificities of psychiatric discourse.
目的:作者探讨了将病理实体本质化的风险,随着时间的推移,特别是在今天,并反思了精神病学潜在的科学主义倾向。方法通过对几位对精神病学话语秩序有认识论反思的主要作者(福柯、拉康、斯温、兰塔姆-劳拉、道比金等)的研究,重新审视精神病学的基础。结果精神病学逻辑的特点是一方面出现了精神错乱的外在性的主观立场,另一方面,甚至在任何精神病学知识构成之前,医学逻辑固有的病态过程的有机性的假设。作者强调精神病学在医学领域的独特性,因为它经历了相当大的制度和社会发展,尽管在那段时间里,未来知识的承诺并没有充分确立其合法性。结论:作者认为,在对精神痛苦采取医学方法的假设中,有一种科学主义倾向,同时在同一领域内寻求合法性。他的结论是,根据精神病学话语的特殊性,正在发展的精神病学实体应该受到质疑。
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引用次数: 0
Une histoire médicale et philosophique de l’esprit moderne. À propos de…« L’âme machine. L’invention de l’esprit moderne » de Georges Makari 现代精神的医学和哲学史。关于……“机器的灵魂。《现代思想的发明》,作者:乔治·马卡里
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2024.11.001
Yann Craus
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引用次数: 0
Du désir parental de consulter au risque de la maltraitance infanto-juvénile 父母在虐待婴儿的风险下寻求咨询的愿望
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2024.11.004
Emmanuel de Becker (Psychiatre infanto-juvénile, Psychothérapeute)

Objective

This contribution proposes to address different aspects of parental posture as regards the decision to seek help (or not) for their child, whether for a physical and/or mental health issue, in order to identify some possible ways of helping the professional. To do this, we will explore different scenarios of the parent's “desire” to consult a medical-psycho-social worker, whose repercussions can result in a situation of child abuse.

Method

At the risk of being schematic, we propose to group into seven categories the possible postures used by the parent when consulting, or not consulting, a professional for any reason. We accept the arbitrary nature of this classification. It should be noted that each table presented at the moment of the initial professional/parent(s)/child contact can switch from one category to another according to the evolution of several parameters, whether they are individual, relational, or contextual.

Result

We will focus on two specific cases that reflect the adult's massive anxieties towards the child, which can lead to the parent's development of delusions about the child, or a more or less elaborate process of using the state of the young person for a defined purpose. Thus, we will present, on the one hand, situations of parental alienation syndrome (PAS) and, on the other hand, situations in which parents “create” symptoms in their children, whose paradigm is represented by Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSP).

Discussion

Behind the desire to seek professional help and the parent's concern for the child, there are sometimes hidden situations of parental inadequacy that are difficult to identify. Thus, let us keep in mind the hypothesis of child abuse, when we question the ins and outs of a consultation approach that gives rise to puzzlement, to a disconcerting parental concern… Let us also point out that we evoke these entities by taking as paradigmatic the case of a mother calling on the professional; it is obvious that many situations concern fathers, certainly when it comes to processes of alienation. In any event, it seems to me useful, from the point of view of relevant support for the child and his or her entourage, to address as precisely as possible the relational context encountered. Understanding without judgment is usually the first step in any care and support intervention. Otherwise, the professional is threatened with being merely an actor immersed (in)-voluntarily, (un)-consciously, in a hypothetically abusive system. Ultimately, we have to be careful when we consider that a child is being used as a tool, because there are many situations…

Conclusion

One of the risks for the professional is to take at face value the parent's primary request without taking the time to explore the ins and outs of the process. The child in this case is the object of a consultation, no
目的本论文旨在探讨父母在为孩子寻求(或不寻求)帮助的决定时所表现出的不同态度,无论是身体和/或精神健康问题,以便找出一些可能的帮助专业人士的方法。为了做到这一点,我们将探讨父母“渴望”咨询医疗-心理-社会工作者的不同情况,其影响可能导致虐待儿童的情况。方法冒着过于简单的风险,我们建议将父母在咨询或不咨询专业人员时可能使用的姿势分为七类。我们接受这种分类的随意性。应该注意的是,在最初的专业人员/父母/孩子接触时呈现的每个表格都可以根据几个参数的演变从一个类别切换到另一个类别,无论这些参数是个人的、关系的还是上下文的。结果我们将重点关注两个具体的案例,它们反映了成年人对孩子的巨大焦虑,这可能导致父母对孩子产生妄想,或者是一个或多或少复杂的过程,利用年轻人的状态达到一个明确的目的。因此,我们将一方面介绍父母疏离综合症(PAS)的情况,另一方面介绍父母在孩子身上“制造”症状的情况,这种症状的范式由代理孟乔森综合症(MSP)代表。在寻求专业帮助的愿望和父母对孩子的关心背后,有时隐藏着难以识别的父母不足的情况。因此,让我们记住虐待儿童的假设,当我们质疑咨询方法的来由时,会引起困惑,令人不安的父母的担忧……让我们还指出,我们以母亲打电话给专业人员的案例为范例,唤起了这些实体;很明显,许多情况都与父亲有关,尤其是当涉及到疏远的过程时。无论如何,在我看来,从对儿童及其随行人员提供有关支助的角度来看,尽可能准确地处理所遇到的关系背景似乎是有用的。不加判断的理解通常是任何关怀和支持干预的第一步。否则,专业人员就会受到威胁,因为他们只是一个演员,自愿地(无意识地)沉浸在一个假设的虐待系统中。最后,当我们认为孩子被当作工具时,我们必须要小心,因为在很多情况下……结论对专业人士来说,其中一个风险是只看到父母的主要要求的表面价值,而没有花时间去探索这个过程的来龙去路。在这种情况下,孩子是咨询的对象,而不是照顾的对象。还应该指出,协商的理由有时只存在于父母的陈述,他们的信念,甚至他们的肯定;可能发生的情况是,儿童在他们的身体或心理或关系功能上没有表现出明确的求助信号。主观性比以往任何时候都更多地出现在父母和专业人士身上。因此,我们必须谨慎地以一些基准为基础,以避免产生令人恐惧的结果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Evolution Psychiatrique
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