Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.03.009
Franck Le Roux (Docteur en psychologie, Chercheur associé, Coresponsable du séminaire Histoire et épistémologie de la psychopathologie, Psychologue)
{"title":"Quelle épistémologie pour la psychanalyse aujourd’hui ? À propos de… « Penser et écrire par cas en psychanalyse. L’invention freudienne d’un style de raisonnement » de Guénaël Visentini","authors":"Franck Le Roux (Docteur en psychologie, Chercheur associé, Coresponsable du séminaire Histoire et épistémologie de la psychopathologie, Psychologue)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"90 4","pages":"Pages 754-762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.06.003
Jacques D. Marleau , Mélissa Généreux
Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate the unidimensionality and certain metric qualities of the short-form Flexible Inventory of Conspiracy Suspicions (FICS) questionnaire administered to the adult population of Quebec.
Materials and methods
Two online surveys were carried out in May/June and October 2021 and sampled 11,321 and 10,368 adults residing in the province of Quebec, respectively. In both cases, the short-form of the FICS was used to measure conspiracy suspicions regarding COVID-19 and climate change. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to verify the presence of unidimensional structure. Other indices were also utilized to assess unidimensionality, namely the congruence coefficient and explained common variance. The reliability of the ordinal scores was estimated using standardized alpha and omega coefficients.
Results
The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of a unidimensional structure for the survey data on COVID-19 and climate change conspiracy suspicions collected using the short-form FICS. The values of the congruence coefficient and explained common variance also suggested the presence of unidimensionality. The reliability of the ordinal scores was excellent. These results were similar for the two surveys.
Discussion
Overall, the results supported the presence of unidimensional structure in the survey data collected using the COVID-19 version and the climate change version of the short-form FICS, suggesting that the total score can be used to quantify suspicion levels. In addition, the consistency of the findings over the two sampling periods provided additional credibility regarding the relevance of using these scales.
Conclusion
The findings highlight the utility of the short-form FICS for assessing conspiracy suspicions among the adult population of Quebec.
{"title":"Évaluation factorielle de la version courte de l’Inventaire Flexible de Soupçons Conspirationnistes parmi la population québécoise","authors":"Jacques D. Marleau , Mélissa Généreux","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the unidimensionality and certain metric qualities of the short-form Flexible Inventory of Conspiracy Suspicions (FICS) questionnaire administered to the adult population of Quebec.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Two online surveys were carried out in May/June and October 2021 and sampled 11,321 and 10,368 adults residing in the province of Quebec, respectively. In both cases, the short-form of the FICS was used to measure conspiracy suspicions regarding COVID-19 and climate change. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to verify the presence of unidimensional structure. Other indices were also utilized to assess unidimensionality, namely the congruence coefficient and explained common variance. The reliability of the ordinal scores was estimated using standardized alpha and omega coefficients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of a unidimensional structure for the survey data on COVID-19 and climate change conspiracy suspicions collected using the short-form FICS. The values of the congruence coefficient and explained common variance also suggested the presence of unidimensionality. The reliability of the ordinal scores was excellent. These results were similar for the two surveys.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Overall, the results supported the presence of unidimensional structure in the survey data collected using the COVID-19 version and the climate change version of the short-form FICS, suggesting that the total score can be used to quantify suspicion levels. In addition, the consistency of the findings over the two sampling periods provided additional credibility regarding the relevance of using these scales.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings highlight the utility of the short-form FICS for assessing conspiracy suspicions among the adult population of Quebec.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"90 3","pages":"Pages 469-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.01.006
Florestan Delcourt (Psychologue, doctorant en psychologie)
{"title":"Jusqu’où peut-on savoir ce que veut dire je vais mal ou je vais mieux en santé mentale ? À propos de… « Storying Mental Illness and Personal Recover » sous la direction de Dorthe Kirkegaard Thomsen","authors":"Florestan Delcourt (Psychologue, doctorant en psychologie)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"90 3","pages":"Pages 545-559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.03.010
Elise Pelladeau
Objective
In this article, we will look at the object in psychoanalysis, and more specifically the object of excitation, as a drive coordinate between original monism and the primacy of the other. We will question the function of the object in the relationship to excitation, particularly in adolescence.
Methodology
To illustrate our remarks, we will use the weekly psychotherapy of an adolescent girl presenting an anorexia nervosa syndrome.
Results
The treatment also brought up to date the link to the drive object by accentuating a relationship to excitation locked in the pubertal process. Instead of emancipation, it would seem to be a form of reactionary over-investment of the biological body in its very constraints, in order to counterbalance them: it would be a question of drying up the drive body, by systematically going against the needs of the biological body, whatever the cost. The question of the object is thus very much embroiled in this biphasic sexuality in its adolescent version, but also in the negotiation of arousal under the primacy of the other, which is particularly precocious.
Discussion
If adolescence is not “a period of reliving this separation-individuation”, then how can we think about the instinctual impact on the negotiation of the bond with the other of an effective separation, whether total or partial? The question of the object caught in the net of libidinal subversion and its pitfalls would then open up avenues of release in therapy directly linked to the modalities of satisfaction in the transference.
Conclusion
The purpose of this article is not to make a generic decision in favor of one theoretical/clinical model that would supersede others in all circumstances, but our clinical practice clearly invites us to subscribe to the contributions of Laplanche, and also of Dejours, for whom the involvement of the body is at the forefront of libidinal subversion and its designs.
{"title":"Monisme primaire ou primat de l’autre. Considérations théoriques et implications cliniques à l’adolescence à partir d’un cas d’anorexie mentale","authors":"Elise Pelladeau","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In this article, we will look at the object in psychoanalysis, and more specifically the object of excitation, as a drive coordinate between original monism and the primacy of the other. We will question the function of the object in the relationship to excitation, particularly in adolescence.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>To illustrate our remarks, we will use the weekly psychotherapy of an adolescent girl presenting an anorexia nervosa syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The treatment also brought up to date the link to the drive object by accentuating a relationship to excitation locked in the pubertal process. Instead of emancipation, it would seem to be a form of reactionary over-investment of the biological body in its very constraints, in order to counterbalance them: it would be a question of drying up the drive body, by systematically going against the needs of the biological body, whatever the cost. The question of the object is thus very much embroiled in this biphasic sexuality in its adolescent version, but also in the negotiation of arousal under the primacy of the other, which is particularly precocious.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>If adolescence is not “a period of reliving this separation-individuation”, then how can we think about the instinctual impact on the negotiation of the bond with the other of an effective separation, whether total or partial? The question of the object caught in the net of libidinal subversion and its pitfalls would then open up avenues of release in therapy directly linked to the modalities of satisfaction in the transference.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The purpose of this article is not to make a generic decision in favor of one theoretical/clinical model that would supersede others in all circumstances, but our clinical practice clearly invites us to subscribe to the contributions of Laplanche, and also of Dejours, for whom the involvement of the body is at the forefront of libidinal subversion and its designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"90 3","pages":"Pages 443-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2024.12.001
Luc Surjous (Psychiatre, Pédopsychiatre)
Introduction
Philippe Pinel's Traité médico-philosophique de l’aliénation mentale (1800) is considered the foundational act of French psychiatry. Since the 1960s, it has been the subject of remarkable studies. Focusing on the difference between the two editions of the Traité regarding moral treatment, this article explores the contemporary issues raised by Pinel's work.
Method
Following the successive stages of Pinel's medical career: in Paris before his time at the Bicêtre hospital as a translator and a popularizer of medical literature with limited clinical experience, at Bicêtre where he met Pussin, and finally at La Salpêtrière where he was widely known. I study the evolution of his scientific medical project and his attempts to extend it to cover the question of insanity and, in particular, moral treatment. The two editions of the Traité reflect this evolution.
Result
Influenced by English texts on the efficacy of moral treatment of insanity, Pinel discovered it practiced at Bicêtre by Pussin and his wife. He writes about this effectiveness and presents its principles in the first edition of his Traité. These remained equivocal, combining gentleness and firmness, and cautiously encouraging the distraction of the insane. The second edition presents the result of the rationalized application of these principles at La Salpêtrière, in line with their initial scientific ambitions. Principles of moral treatment have become unequivocal and aim to act directly on the disease in spite of the patient: importance of the “single center of authority,” distraction imposed by sewing workshops, baths, and a “calculated” environment. I hypothesize that this systematization denatures the origins of the moral treatment, which consists of: 1/ the moral therapist's identification of a “rest of reason” in the lunatic; 2/ guiding the skillful, pragmatic application of social practices well identified at the time: reasonable consent to a just law and distraction in an emotional refuge, which reinstitute the alienated individual as an agent.
Discussion
I place my work in the continuity and updating of the work of G. Swain and M. Gauchet, resituated among the major interpreters of Pinel's work.
Conclusion
The evolution of moral treatment in Pinel's work illustrates the temptations and risks involved in substituting rational treatment for reasonable care.
{"title":"Philippe Pinel et le secret des Anglais","authors":"Luc Surjous (Psychiatre, Pédopsychiatre)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Philippe Pinel's <em>Traité médico-philosophique de l’aliénation mentale</em> (1800) is considered the foundational act of French psychiatry. Since the 1960s, it has been the subject of remarkable studies. Focusing on the difference between the two editions of the <em>Traité</em> regarding moral treatment, this article explores the contemporary issues raised by Pinel's work.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Following the successive stages of Pinel's medical career: in Paris before his time at the Bicêtre hospital as a translator and a popularizer of medical literature with limited clinical experience, at Bicêtre where he met Pussin, and finally at La Salpêtrière where he was widely known. I study the evolution of his scientific medical project and his attempts to extend it to cover the question of insanity and, in particular, moral treatment. The two editions of the <em>Traité</em> reflect this evolution.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Influenced by English texts on the efficacy of moral treatment of insanity, Pinel discovered it practiced at Bicêtre by Pussin and his wife. He writes about this effectiveness and presents its principles in the first edition of his <em>Traité</em>. These remained equivocal, combining gentleness and firmness, and cautiously encouraging the distraction of the insane. The second edition presents the result of the rationalized application of these principles at La Salpêtrière, in line with their initial scientific ambitions. Principles of moral treatment have become unequivocal and aim to act directly on the disease in spite of the patient: importance of the “single center of authority,” distraction imposed by sewing workshops, baths, and a “calculated” environment. I hypothesize that this systematization denatures the origins of the moral treatment, which consists of: 1/ the moral therapist's identification of a “rest of reason” in the lunatic; 2/ guiding the skillful, pragmatic application of social practices well identified at the time: reasonable consent to a just law and distraction in an emotional refuge, which reinstitute the alienated individual as an agent.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>I place my work in the continuity and updating of the work of G. Swain and M. Gauchet, resituated among the major interpreters of Pinel's work.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The evolution of moral treatment in Pinel's work illustrates the temptations and risks involved in substituting rational treatment for reasonable care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"90 3","pages":"Pages 480-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.06.004
Delphine Jacobs (Psychiatre infanto-juvénile, Chef de clinique, Professeur) , Jean Steyaert (Psychiatre infanto-juvénile, Chef de clinique, Professeur) , Kris Dierickx (Ethicien, Professeur ordinaire) , Kristien Hens (Ethicien, Professeur de recherche)
<div><h3>Goal</h3><div>After three quarters of a century of research and clinical experience, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) turns out to be surprisingly heterogeneous in its presentations, causes and cognitive mechanisms. In light of the miscellaneous nature of this diagnosis, it is unclear how the array of (predominantly “basic”) research findings on ASD is translated into information that is meaningful and valuable to parents and clinicians. Few studies are dedicated to detect the views and experiences of an ASD diagnosis of a child by parents and clinicians, and make an ethical reflection on their personal perspectives. An ethical reflection on the results of the empirical studies with parents and physicians lead to the formulation of clinical-ethical considerations towards both policy makers and clinicians concerning the diagnostic care related to ASD in young children.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted in-depth interviews on how parents and physicians view and experience a young child's ASD diagnosis. Parents were queried longitudinally: before the start of the diagnostic ASD assessment, right after the feedback session at the end of the assessment, and 12 months later. The interviews were analysed in Nvivo 11 according to the guidelines of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The interviewed parents and physicians addressed ‘psycho-relational’ implications of an ASD diagnosis as much as ‘treatment-oriented’ implications. The psycho-relational ‘exculpatory’ effect was particularly appreciated, which consists in both parents and child being able to exonerate themselves with regard to the child's unusual behavior towards both the parents and other adults. The interviewed parents and physicians often came to view the ASD diagnosis in a pragmatic way, in the light of its usefulness for child, parents, and to a lesser extent, professionals. Twelve months after their child got an ASD diagnosis, the interviewed parents mainly had come to value the ASD diagnosis for two reasons: the entitlements it ensured, and them and some others adapting their interactions with the child because of the ASD diagnosis. The interviewed physicians from their side needed an ASD diagnosis to be useful in their clinical practice, particularly to describe the child toward parents and teachers as “he wants to do what is expected from him but is not able to”, and to provide entitlements to adapted care. Clinicians expressed some doubts about the use of and need for a formal diagnosis. They preferred to establish a descriptive and treatment-oriented profile of the child, profile of which an ASD diagnosis was sometimes considered to be a useful part.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Based on an ethical analysis and reflection, we formulate 4 clinical-ethical considerations in relations to policy, and 4 in relation to the clinic. Towards policy makers, this study's findings sustain an argument for continuity-in-
{"title":"The diagnosis of Autism spectrum disorder in young children: A clinical-ethical study of parents' and physicians' experiences","authors":"Delphine Jacobs (Psychiatre infanto-juvénile, Chef de clinique, Professeur) , Jean Steyaert (Psychiatre infanto-juvénile, Chef de clinique, Professeur) , Kris Dierickx (Ethicien, Professeur ordinaire) , Kristien Hens (Ethicien, Professeur de recherche)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Goal</h3><div>After three quarters of a century of research and clinical experience, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) turns out to be surprisingly heterogeneous in its presentations, causes and cognitive mechanisms. In light of the miscellaneous nature of this diagnosis, it is unclear how the array of (predominantly “basic”) research findings on ASD is translated into information that is meaningful and valuable to parents and clinicians. Few studies are dedicated to detect the views and experiences of an ASD diagnosis of a child by parents and clinicians, and make an ethical reflection on their personal perspectives. An ethical reflection on the results of the empirical studies with parents and physicians lead to the formulation of clinical-ethical considerations towards both policy makers and clinicians concerning the diagnostic care related to ASD in young children.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted in-depth interviews on how parents and physicians view and experience a young child's ASD diagnosis. Parents were queried longitudinally: before the start of the diagnostic ASD assessment, right after the feedback session at the end of the assessment, and 12 months later. The interviews were analysed in Nvivo 11 according to the guidelines of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The interviewed parents and physicians addressed ‘psycho-relational’ implications of an ASD diagnosis as much as ‘treatment-oriented’ implications. The psycho-relational ‘exculpatory’ effect was particularly appreciated, which consists in both parents and child being able to exonerate themselves with regard to the child's unusual behavior towards both the parents and other adults. The interviewed parents and physicians often came to view the ASD diagnosis in a pragmatic way, in the light of its usefulness for child, parents, and to a lesser extent, professionals. Twelve months after their child got an ASD diagnosis, the interviewed parents mainly had come to value the ASD diagnosis for two reasons: the entitlements it ensured, and them and some others adapting their interactions with the child because of the ASD diagnosis. The interviewed physicians from their side needed an ASD diagnosis to be useful in their clinical practice, particularly to describe the child toward parents and teachers as “he wants to do what is expected from him but is not able to”, and to provide entitlements to adapted care. Clinicians expressed some doubts about the use of and need for a formal diagnosis. They preferred to establish a descriptive and treatment-oriented profile of the child, profile of which an ASD diagnosis was sometimes considered to be a useful part.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Based on an ethical analysis and reflection, we formulate 4 clinical-ethical considerations in relations to policy, and 4 in relation to the clinic. Towards policy makers, this study's findings sustain an argument for continuity-in-","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"90 3","pages":"Pages e1-e10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.03.012
Théodore Onguene Ndongo (Psychologue clinicien, Chercheur associé, Chargé de cours) , Daniel Derivois (Psychologue clinicien, Professeur des Universités en psychologie clinique et psychopathologie)
Objectives
This article focuses on the process of enlisting and transforming children into soldiers in Congo. It analyzes the psychological mechanisms at work in this dynamic.
Method
As part of a Unicef project (DDR-Demobilization, Disarmament, Reintegration), many children (9–17 years old) associated with armed forces and groups were met several times (five interviews per child) in Centers for Transit and Orientation (CTO) upon their return from combat zones. An interview grid was constructed which allows us to explore their family situation before enlistment, their motives, their account of their stint in the armed groups, and the reasons for remaining in the armed groups. This article focuses on six emblematic cases.
Results
The process of transforming children into soldiers is understood through what we propose to call the process of Janissarization. This process reflects the recuperation of the effects of societal catastrophes with the aim of actively transforming children/adolescents into soldiers by means of the subversion of the usual maturation processes of the psychic apparatus: psychic rearrangement in connection with puberty, choice of genital object, and redirection of the referential system (and of the ideal) in which these different mutations take place.
Discussion
The discussion focuses on the warlord's approach, which includes the reversal of the structuring symbols of the group-community, the development of a paradoxical bond of attachment to the warlord, the instrumentalization of the figure of the intruder, and finally the establishment of a monstrous victim-executioner scene. The figure of the child soldier is strongly based on the more common figure of the intrusive and unwanted child. The main differences between these two figures lie in the lifting of the ban on murder and in the establishment of an executioner-victim scenario.
Conclusion
Janissarization is thus an active process, which concerns the manipulation of the symbolic, and an active operation of creating and then hijacking a universe of meaning, codes, and ideology within the group. Whatever their modes of enlistment, the child/adolescent soldiers concerned by this process require sustained and adapted support that frees them from armed conflicts.
{"title":"Du processus psychique de transformation d’enfants en soldats : une clinique de la janissarisation","authors":"Théodore Onguene Ndongo (Psychologue clinicien, Chercheur associé, Chargé de cours) , Daniel Derivois (Psychologue clinicien, Professeur des Universités en psychologie clinique et psychopathologie)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This article focuses on the process of enlisting and transforming children into soldiers in Congo. It analyzes the psychological mechanisms at work in this dynamic.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>As part of a Unicef project (DDR-Demobilization, Disarmament, Reintegration), many children (9–17 years old) associated with armed forces and groups were met several times (five interviews per child) in Centers for Transit and Orientation (CTO) upon their return from combat zones. An interview grid was constructed which allows us to explore their family situation before enlistment, their motives, their account of their stint in the armed groups, and the reasons for remaining in the armed groups. This article focuses on six emblematic cases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The process of transforming children into soldiers is understood through what we propose to call the process of Janissarization. This process reflects the recuperation of the effects of societal catastrophes with the aim of actively transforming children/adolescents into soldiers by means of the subversion of the usual maturation processes of the psychic apparatus: psychic rearrangement in connection with puberty, choice of genital object, and redirection of the referential system (and of the ideal) in which these different mutations take place.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The discussion focuses on the warlord's approach, which includes the reversal of the structuring symbols of the group-community, the development of a paradoxical bond of attachment to the warlord, the instrumentalization of the figure of the intruder, and finally the establishment of a monstrous victim-executioner scene. The figure of the child soldier is strongly based on the more common figure of the intrusive and unwanted child. The main differences between these two figures lie in the lifting of the ban on murder and in the establishment of an executioner-victim scenario.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Janissarization is thus an active process, which concerns the manipulation of the symbolic, and an active operation of creating and then hijacking a universe of meaning, codes, and ideology within the group. Whatever their modes of enlistment, the child/adolescent soldiers concerned by this process require sustained and adapted support that frees them from armed conflicts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"90 3","pages":"Pages 373-384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.02.003
Frédéric Tordo (Docteur en psychologie clinique, chercheur associé au CRPMS) , Thomas Rabeyron (Psychologue clinicien, Professeur de psychopathologie et psychologie clinique au CRPPC)
Objectives
This article analyzes certain forms of contemporary subjective configurations influenced by the anthropological context marked by the growing hybridization between the psyche and digital technology. More specifically, it examines the development and use of psychic prostheses as compensatory mechanisms in response to processes of desubjectivation and identity erasure.
Methods
The clinical case of Catharina, a young female hospitalized in a psychiatric service, is analyzed through a psychoanalytic framework. This case study explores the psychic dynamics at play in borderline subjectivation issues, particularly the mechanisms of dependence on digital prostheses and their impact on identity construction.
Results
Catharina's psychic functioning is characterized by an experience of self-erasure and a dependence on digital prostheses developed to ensure a form of narcissistic continuity.
Discussion
While these prostheses help regulate the psychic economy, they reinforce mechanisms of splitting and dissociation. They also lead to a delegation of certain psychic functions—particularly reflexivity—to the technological environment. This externalization, though providing an illusion of mastery and continuity, weakens the subjectivation process by hindering the mature and autonomous development of symbolic functions.
Conclusion
The clinical study of borderline subjectivation issues in the digital age thus highlights the exacerbated suffering of contemporary subjects, faced with the dissolution of traditional frameworks of identity and narcissism. In psychotherapeutic work with such patients, particular attention must be given to transferential dynamics marked by experiences of emptiness and annihilation, while focusing on reviving symbolic capacities as a counterpoint to the reifying and alienating use of psychic prostheses.
{"title":"Le sujet contemporain et ses prothèses : du vécu de néantisation à la recherche de réflexivité","authors":"Frédéric Tordo (Docteur en psychologie clinique, chercheur associé au CRPMS) , Thomas Rabeyron (Psychologue clinicien, Professeur de psychopathologie et psychologie clinique au CRPPC)","doi":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evopsy.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This article analyzes certain forms of contemporary subjective configurations influenced by the anthropological context marked by the growing hybridization between the psyche and digital technology. More specifically, it examines the development and use of psychic prostheses as compensatory mechanisms in response to processes of desubjectivation and identity erasure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The clinical case of Catharina, a young female hospitalized in a psychiatric service, is analyzed through a psychoanalytic framework. This case study explores the psychic dynamics at play in borderline subjectivation issues, particularly the mechanisms of dependence on digital prostheses and their impact on identity construction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Catharina's psychic functioning is characterized by an experience of self-erasure and a dependence on digital prostheses developed to ensure a form of narcissistic continuity.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>While these prostheses help regulate the psychic economy, they reinforce mechanisms of splitting and dissociation. They also lead to a delegation of certain psychic functions—particularly reflexivity—to the technological environment. This externalization, though providing an illusion of mastery and continuity, weakens the subjectivation process by hindering the mature and autonomous development of symbolic functions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The clinical study of borderline subjectivation issues in the digital age thus highlights the exacerbated suffering of contemporary subjects, faced with the dissolution of traditional frameworks of identity and narcissism. In psychotherapeutic work with such patients, particular attention must be given to transferential dynamics marked by experiences of emptiness and annihilation, while focusing on reviving symbolic capacities as a counterpoint to the reifying and alienating use of psychic prostheses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45007,"journal":{"name":"Evolution Psychiatrique","volume":"90 3","pages":"Pages 431-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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