{"title":"Gender-Based Heat Map Images of Campus Walking Settings: A Reflection of Lived Experience","authors":"Robert A. Chaney, Alyssa M. Baer, L. I. Tovar","doi":"10.1089/vio.2023.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2023.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"47 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sydney Nicolla, Julia K. Campbell, Scarlett Hawkins, Deborah M. Weissman, K. Moracco
{"title":"Questioning Gender Assumptions of Domestic Violence Intervention Programs: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Sydney Nicolla, Julia K. Campbell, Scarlett Hawkins, Deborah M. Weissman, K. Moracco","doi":"10.1089/vio.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"48 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reproductive Coercion and Abuse: The Potential Protective Scope of Existing Family Violence Legislation in Australia","authors":"S. Komazec, Clare Farmer","doi":"10.1089/vio.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1089/vio.2023.29035.editorial
Matthew H. Logan
{"title":"Proprietorship: “I Love You; I Own You; Don't Shame Me”","authors":"Matthew H. Logan","doi":"10.1089/vio.2023.29035.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2023.29035.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"585 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apryl A. Alexander, Emma Sower, Hannah Klukoff, Hailey Allo, Samantha Mendoza
Current research suggests a link between childhood abuse, psychopathic traits, and violent behavior. However, previous studies neglect evaluating the influence of high levels of cumulative childhood victimization on the development of psychopathic personality traits in emerging adults. The present study examined the relationship between polyvictimization in six aggregate categories of childhood victimization using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ-R2) and psychopathic personality traits in college women using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R). This study first examined the relative contributions of polyvictimization and individual categories of childhood victimization in predicting psychopathic traits, and then tested whether polyvictimization contributes any unique variance, beyond that explained by the combination of all 6 aggregate categories in a sample of 309 college women in a Southern state. Regression analyses reveal that (1) polyvictimization accounts for a significant proportion of variability in PPI-R scores, beyond that explained by any of the six categories of childhood victimization alone, (2) the categories of childhood victimization contribute little to no variability beyond that explained by polyvictimization, and (3) polyvictimization accounts for a significant proportion of variability in psychopathic personality traits, beyond that already explained by the simultaneous entry of all six categories as predictor variables. It results in further understanding of the underpinnings of psychopathic personality traits.
{"title":"Childhood Polyvictimization and Psychopathic Personality Traits in Emerging Adults","authors":"Apryl A. Alexander, Emma Sower, Hannah Klukoff, Hailey Allo, Samantha Mendoza","doi":"10.1089/vio.2022.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2022.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Current research suggests a link between childhood abuse, psychopathic traits, and violent behavior. However, previous studies neglect evaluating the influence of high levels of cumulative childhood victimization on the development of psychopathic personality traits in emerging adults. The present study examined the relationship between polyvictimization in six aggregate categories of childhood victimization using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ-R2) and psychopathic personality traits in college women using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R). This study first examined the relative contributions of polyvictimization and individual categories of childhood victimization in predicting psychopathic traits, and then tested whether polyvictimization contributes any unique variance, beyond that explained by the combination of all 6 aggregate categories in a sample of 309 college women in a Southern state. Regression analyses reveal that (1) polyvictimization accounts for a significant proportion of variability in PPI-R scores, beyond that explained by any of the six categories of childhood victimization alone, (2) the categories of childhood victimization contribute little to no variability beyond that explained by polyvictimization, and (3) polyvictimization accounts for a significant proportion of variability in psychopathic personality traits, beyond that already explained by the simultaneous entry of all six categories as predictor variables. It results in further understanding of the underpinnings of psychopathic personality traits.","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"58 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Nazmul Huq, Faruq Abdulla, Md. Moyazzem Hossain, Saima Khan, Rahat Ara Nur
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major public health issue for street-based female sex workers (SBFSWs), particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. There is a vast knowledge gap regarding the underlying issue; therefore, the authors aimed to perform this study to contribute to the literature by exploring the prevalence and associated factors of the severity of GBV based on secondary data collected from SBFSWs by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in 2021. In Bangladesh, it was revealed that about 95% of the SBFSWs had experienced GBV of any form. The prevalence of physical and sexual violence was more than 81% and 78% among SBFSWs, respectively. It was worthwhile to note that more than 40% of SBFSWs experienced all forms of GBV. Results also revealed that age, education, monthly income, marital status, group sex, negotiation for fees, client load, and consistent condom use had a significant effect on the severity of GBV among SBFSWs. Policymakers are recommended to take proper actions considering the magnitude and direction of the effects of the associated factors to reduce the prevalence of GBV among SBFSWs and help to access other jobs, which will contribute to improving several Sustainable Development Goals.
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Severity of Gender-Based Violence Among Street-Based Female Sex Workers in Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammed Nazmul Huq, Faruq Abdulla, Md. Moyazzem Hossain, Saima Khan, Rahat Ara Nur","doi":"10.1089/vio.2023.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2023.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major public health issue for street-based female sex workers (SBFSWs), particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. There is a vast knowledge gap regarding the underlying issue; therefore, the authors aimed to perform this study to contribute to the literature by exploring the prevalence and associated factors of the severity of GBV based on secondary data collected from SBFSWs by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in 2021. In Bangladesh, it was revealed that about 95% of the SBFSWs had experienced GBV of any form. The prevalence of physical and sexual violence was more than 81% and 78% among SBFSWs, respectively. It was worthwhile to note that more than 40% of SBFSWs experienced all forms of GBV. Results also revealed that age, education, monthly income, marital status, group sex, negotiation for fees, client load, and consistent condom use had a significant effect on the severity of GBV among SBFSWs. Policymakers are recommended to take proper actions considering the magnitude and direction of the effects of the associated factors to reduce the prevalence of GBV among SBFSWs and help to access other jobs, which will contribute to improving several Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"9 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135431360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against men has become a serious and widespread public health issue, but limited research about the occurrence of female-to-male violence is available, as most studies on the subject have focused on female victims only. The study aims to determine the pooled prevalence and predictors of physical, emotional, and sexual violence against men across all recall periods and the potential risk factors of male victimization. Databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, EMBASE, and JSTOR were searched. Data were extracted from studies published in 2010 to 2022. A systematic review and Random effect meta-analyses for the pooled prevalence were performed. Thirty studies with 58,357 participants were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of Physical IPV was 20% (95% CI: 11–28%), Psychological IPV was 44% (95% CI: 30–59%), and Sexual IPV was 7% (95% CI: 3.1–10%) in Victimization for all recall periods, respectively. Findings demonstrated psychological IPV as the most prevalent form of IPV among men, which suggests that effective attempts are required to develop related prevention programs for victims. Furthermore, gender, age, substance abuse, socioeconomic status, multiple sex partners, history of abuse, and childhood victimization were found to be the predictors of IPV among men. Implementations of policies are also needed to reduce IPV. The findings of the study were discussed in terms of counselling and interventions.
{"title":"Pooled Prevalence of Violence Against Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of a Silent Crises","authors":"Sana Rehman, Memona Habib, Saad Bin Tahir","doi":"10.1089/vio.2022.0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2022.0060","url":null,"abstract":"Intimate partner violence (IPV) against men has become a serious and widespread public health issue, but limited research about the occurrence of female-to-male violence is available, as most studies on the subject have focused on female victims only. The study aims to determine the pooled prevalence and predictors of physical, emotional, and sexual violence against men across all recall periods and the potential risk factors of male victimization. Databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, EMBASE, and JSTOR were searched. Data were extracted from studies published in 2010 to 2022. A systematic review and Random effect meta-analyses for the pooled prevalence were performed. Thirty studies with 58,357 participants were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of Physical IPV was 20% (95% CI: 11–28%), Psychological IPV was 44% (95% CI: 30–59%), and Sexual IPV was 7% (95% CI: 3.1–10%) in Victimization for all recall periods, respectively. Findings demonstrated psychological IPV as the most prevalent form of IPV among men, which suggests that effective attempts are required to develop related prevention programs for victims. Furthermore, gender, age, substance abuse, socioeconomic status, multiple sex partners, history of abuse, and childhood victimization were found to be the predictors of IPV among men. Implementations of policies are also needed to reduce IPV. The findings of the study were discussed in terms of counselling and interventions.","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"26 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sexual violence is a serious public health problem that affects about half of women and almost a third of men. This high prevalence demands more research on understanding sexual violence and its victims and perpetrators. However, at the crux of understanding sexual violence is understanding consent. Past research and advocacy work for consent have traditionally focused on communication and perceptions of consent, but other research has argued that this focus overlooks the numerous ways power, privilege, and marginalization affect the context of consent. Proponents of critical sexuality studies argue for a deeper understanding of consent through an examination of identity and the larger systemic contexts wherein consent takes places. This article seeks to examine how these contextual factors manifest in identity-related issues of consent through a critical sexuality lens. What follows then is a brief historical review of the psycholegal history of consent in the United States, and how that history connects to modern issues of sexual violence. Then a review of consent research highlights the gap between historical understanding and scientific understanding of consent. Finally, the article concludes with recommendations for future research.
{"title":"Centering Issues of Identity in Consent: A Critical Sexuality Review of U.S. History and Research on Identity and Consent","authors":"Alexandra Bonagura","doi":"10.1089/vio.2023.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2023.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual violence is a serious public health problem that affects about half of women and almost a third of men. This high prevalence demands more research on understanding sexual violence and its victims and perpetrators. However, at the crux of understanding sexual violence is understanding consent. Past research and advocacy work for consent have traditionally focused on communication and perceptions of consent, but other research has argued that this focus overlooks the numerous ways power, privilege, and marginalization affect the context of consent. Proponents of critical sexuality studies argue for a deeper understanding of consent through an examination of identity and the larger systemic contexts wherein consent takes places. This article seeks to examine how these contextual factors manifest in identity-related issues of consent through a critical sexuality lens. What follows then is a brief historical review of the psycholegal history of consent in the United States, and how that history connects to modern issues of sexual violence. Then a review of consent research highlights the gap between historical understanding and scientific understanding of consent. Finally, the article concludes with recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"10 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135222503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores law enforcement officers (LEOs) killing of females, including the characteristics of those most likely to be killed, method used to fatally injure females, the geographic distribution of the killings, the number of years of potential life lost before age 80 (YPLL80). Data from the Web-based Inquiry Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were analyzed for deceased females from 2013 to 2020. The females killed were ∼5% of LEOs killings each year for a total of 233 deaths. The females killed ranged in age from 1 to 72 years. A majority (82.8%) were killed in metropolitan areas, and a plurality (44.6%) were killed in the South. There was a statistically significant increase in the rate of female deaths over the 8-year span. The majority (58.8%) of females killed were non-Hispanic whites. A total of almost 10,000 years of potential life were lost before age 80. The greatest number of YPLL80 were non-Hispanic whites, in metropolitan areas, ages 20–39 years, residing in the South. Transforming weapon use by law enforcement is possible through policy changes (e.g., hiring and training) and education of the public (e.g., interacting with LEOs and appropriate funding of law enforcement).
{"title":"Descriptive Epidemiology of Females Killed by Law Enforcement Officers, 2013–2020","authors":"James H. Price, Erica Payton Foh","doi":"10.1089/vio.2023.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2023.0037","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores law enforcement officers (LEOs) killing of females, including the characteristics of those most likely to be killed, method used to fatally injure females, the geographic distribution of the killings, the number of years of potential life lost before age 80 (YPLL80). Data from the Web-based Inquiry Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were analyzed for deceased females from 2013 to 2020. The females killed were ∼5% of LEOs killings each year for a total of 233 deaths. The females killed ranged in age from 1 to 72 years. A majority (82.8%) were killed in metropolitan areas, and a plurality (44.6%) were killed in the South. There was a statistically significant increase in the rate of female deaths over the 8-year span. The majority (58.8%) of females killed were non-Hispanic whites. A total of almost 10,000 years of potential life were lost before age 80. The greatest number of YPLL80 were non-Hispanic whites, in metropolitan areas, ages 20–39 years, residing in the South. Transforming weapon use by law enforcement is possible through policy changes (e.g., hiring and training) and education of the public (e.g., interacting with LEOs and appropriate funding of law enforcement).","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"24 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135220251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firearms are responsible for increasing proportions and frequencies of U.S. homicides, accounting for over half of female deaths related to intimate partner violence (IPV). We analyzed National Violent Death Reporting System data to evaluate the impact of state-based firearm legislation targeted to IPV perpetrators and intimate partner homicide (IPH) from 2015 to 2019. Using Centers for Disease Controls (CDCs) Restricted Access Database system, we extracted yearly incidence data and calculated average, state-specific, age-adjusted rates for female IPH for 18 eligible states. We developed firearm-to-non-firearm (F:NF) rate ratios (RRs) and compared them across states categorized into two levels of domestic violence-specific firearm restrictions. Rates of NF IPH served as a crude control for characteristics of the state population that might favor violence behavior. Most “low” restriction states demonstrated greater F:NF RRs than “high” states. The average female firearm IPH rate was 0.33 per 100K for “high” restriction states and 0.98 per 100K for “low” restriction states. The average F:NF RR for low restriction states was 1.91 and for high restriction states was 0.85. The data show a trend of decreased IPH with stronger IPV-specific state firearm legislation, but with some variability in femicide rates within firearm restriction category, pointing to numerous additional factors bearing on the association, including varying implementation and enforcement of existing legal provisions, geographic location, and state household gun ownership. The present analysis confirms the dramatic contribution of firearm fatalities to female intimate partner-related deaths—frequently doubling or tripling the state's rate of non-firearm female IPH.
{"title":"Firearm Legislation and Firearm Use in Female Intimate Partner Homicide Using National Violent Death Reporting System Data, 2015–2019","authors":"Erica L. Gollub, Shirly Chen","doi":"10.1089/vio.2023.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2023.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Firearms are responsible for increasing proportions and frequencies of U.S. homicides, accounting for over half of female deaths related to intimate partner violence (IPV). We analyzed National Violent Death Reporting System data to evaluate the impact of state-based firearm legislation targeted to IPV perpetrators and intimate partner homicide (IPH) from 2015 to 2019. Using Centers for Disease Controls (CDCs) Restricted Access Database system, we extracted yearly incidence data and calculated average, state-specific, age-adjusted rates for female IPH for 18 eligible states. We developed firearm-to-non-firearm (F:NF) rate ratios (RRs) and compared them across states categorized into two levels of domestic violence-specific firearm restrictions. Rates of NF IPH served as a crude control for characteristics of the state population that might favor violence behavior. Most “low” restriction states demonstrated greater F:NF RRs than “high” states. The average female firearm IPH rate was 0.33 per 100K for “high” restriction states and 0.98 per 100K for “low” restriction states. The average F:NF RR for low restriction states was 1.91 and for high restriction states was 0.85. The data show a trend of decreased IPH with stronger IPV-specific state firearm legislation, but with some variability in femicide rates within firearm restriction category, pointing to numerous additional factors bearing on the association, including varying implementation and enforcement of existing legal provisions, geographic location, and state household gun ownership. The present analysis confirms the dramatic contribution of firearm fatalities to female intimate partner-related deaths—frequently doubling or tripling the state's rate of non-firearm female IPH.","PeriodicalId":45010,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Gender","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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