Pub Date : 2017-07-17DOI: 10.1017/S0066154617000096
Albert Orozco
Abstract It is nowadays commonly accepted that the Hittite title Tuhkanti refers to the heir to the throne of Hattusa. However, while there are plenty of biographical works about individuals who held the title, there is a remarkable lack of studies about the position itself. Furthermore, there has until now been no complete compilation of the attestations of the word. With the aim of revisiting the role and the identity of the officer, this article catalogues all the occurrences of the term in Hittite contexts. Secondly, it offers a partially new characterisation of the office based on consideration of all the (currently known) attestations. The final picture that emerges diverts from the regular definition of a crown prince and reveals a type of emergency office, instituted in exceptional circumstances in order to reinforce the reigning dynasty.
{"title":"The Hittite title Tuhkanti revisited: towards a precise characterisation of the office","authors":"Albert Orozco","doi":"10.1017/S0066154617000096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066154617000096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is nowadays commonly accepted that the Hittite title Tuhkanti refers to the heir to the throne of Hattusa. However, while there are plenty of biographical works about individuals who held the title, there is a remarkable lack of studies about the position itself. Furthermore, there has until now been no complete compilation of the attestations of the word. With the aim of revisiting the role and the identity of the officer, this article catalogues all the occurrences of the term in Hittite contexts. Secondly, it offers a partially new characterisation of the office based on consideration of all the (currently known) attestations. The final picture that emerges diverts from the regular definition of a crown prince and reveals a type of emergency office, instituted in exceptional circumstances in order to reinforce the reigning dynasty.","PeriodicalId":45130,"journal":{"name":"Anatolian Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"109 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0066154617000096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47685728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-17DOI: 10.1017/S0066154617000023
Çiğdem Atakuman
Abstract Through analysis of a figurine assemblage from the site of Koçumbeli-Ankara, this study aims to re-evaluate the origins, meanings and functions of the Early Bronze Age (third millennium BC) anthropomorphic figurines of Anatolia. Conventional typological approaches to figurines are often focused on their origins and sex; however, such approaches hinder an understanding of the context of the norms of production, display and discard within which the figurines become more meaningful. Following an examination of breakage patterns and the decorative aspects of the Koçumbeli assemblage, a comparative review of figurine find contexts, raw materials and abstraction scales in Anatolia is provided, so that the social concerns underlying the use of these figurines can be explored. It is concluded that the origins of the figurines are difficult to pinpoint, due to the presence of similar items across a variety of regions of the Near East from the later Neolithic onwards. The sex of the figurines is equally ambiguous; while some human sexual features can be discerned, it is difficult to decide whether these features are ‘male’, ‘female’, both or beyond classification. Alternatively, the decoration, breakage and find contexts of the figurines suggest that the imagery was embedded in more complex perceptions of social status, death and social regeneration. The need for materialisation of these concerns in the form of the figurines could be related to the development of a new social landscape of interaction leading to political centralisation by the second millennium BC. Furthermore, the figurines were produced through a meaningful linking of particular raw materials and particular abstraction scales to particular use contexts, which seems to have shifted during the centralisation process.
{"title":"Figurines of the Anatolian Early Bronze Age: the assemblage from Koçumbeli-Ankara","authors":"Çiğdem Atakuman","doi":"10.1017/S0066154617000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066154617000023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Through analysis of a figurine assemblage from the site of Koçumbeli-Ankara, this study aims to re-evaluate the origins, meanings and functions of the Early Bronze Age (third millennium BC) anthropomorphic figurines of Anatolia. Conventional typological approaches to figurines are often focused on their origins and sex; however, such approaches hinder an understanding of the context of the norms of production, display and discard within which the figurines become more meaningful. Following an examination of breakage patterns and the decorative aspects of the Koçumbeli assemblage, a comparative review of figurine find contexts, raw materials and abstraction scales in Anatolia is provided, so that the social concerns underlying the use of these figurines can be explored. It is concluded that the origins of the figurines are difficult to pinpoint, due to the presence of similar items across a variety of regions of the Near East from the later Neolithic onwards. The sex of the figurines is equally ambiguous; while some human sexual features can be discerned, it is difficult to decide whether these features are ‘male’, ‘female’, both or beyond classification. Alternatively, the decoration, breakage and find contexts of the figurines suggest that the imagery was embedded in more complex perceptions of social status, death and social regeneration. The need for materialisation of these concerns in the form of the figurines could be related to the development of a new social landscape of interaction leading to political centralisation by the second millennium BC. Furthermore, the figurines were produced through a meaningful linking of particular raw materials and particular abstraction scales to particular use contexts, which seems to have shifted during the centralisation process.","PeriodicalId":45130,"journal":{"name":"Anatolian Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"85 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0066154617000023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45492676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-17DOI: 10.1017/S0066154617000072
A. Bogaard, D. Filipović, Andrew S. Fairbairn, Laura Green, Elizabeth Stroud, D. Fuller, M. Charles
Abstract Intensive archaeobotanical investigations at Çatalhöyük have created a unique opportunity to explore change and continuity in plant use through the ca 1,500-year Neolithic to early Chalcolithic sequence of an early established farming community. The combination of crops and herd animals in the earliest (Aceramic) part of the sequence reflects a distinct and diverse central Anatolian ‘package’ at the end of the eighth millennium cal. BC. Here we report evidence for near continual adjustment of cropping regimes through time at Çatalhöyük, featuring recruitment of minor crops or crop contaminants to become major staples. We use panarchy theory to frame an understanding of Çatalhöyük's long-term sustainability, arguing that its resilience was a function of three key factors: its diverse initial crop spectrum, which acted as an archive for later innovations; its modular social structure, enabling small-scale experimentation and innovation in cropping at the household level; and its agglomerated social morphology, allowing successful developments to be scaled up across the wider community. This case study in long-term sustainability through flexible, changeable cropping strategies is significant not only for understanding so-called boom and bust cycles elsewhere but also for informing wider agro-ecological understanding of sustainable development in central Anatolia and beyond.
{"title":"Agricultural innovation and resilience in a long-lived early farming community: the 1,500-year sequence at Neolithic to early Chalcolithic Çatalhöyük, central Anatolia","authors":"A. Bogaard, D. Filipović, Andrew S. Fairbairn, Laura Green, Elizabeth Stroud, D. Fuller, M. Charles","doi":"10.1017/S0066154617000072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066154617000072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intensive archaeobotanical investigations at Çatalhöyük have created a unique opportunity to explore change and continuity in plant use through the ca 1,500-year Neolithic to early Chalcolithic sequence of an early established farming community. The combination of crops and herd animals in the earliest (Aceramic) part of the sequence reflects a distinct and diverse central Anatolian ‘package’ at the end of the eighth millennium cal. BC. Here we report evidence for near continual adjustment of cropping regimes through time at Çatalhöyük, featuring recruitment of minor crops or crop contaminants to become major staples. We use panarchy theory to frame an understanding of Çatalhöyük's long-term sustainability, arguing that its resilience was a function of three key factors: its diverse initial crop spectrum, which acted as an archive for later innovations; its modular social structure, enabling small-scale experimentation and innovation in cropping at the household level; and its agglomerated social morphology, allowing successful developments to be scaled up across the wider community. This case study in long-term sustainability through flexible, changeable cropping strategies is significant not only for understanding so-called boom and bust cycles elsewhere but also for informing wider agro-ecological understanding of sustainable development in central Anatolia and beyond.","PeriodicalId":45130,"journal":{"name":"Anatolian Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0066154617000072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46688528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-17DOI: 10.1017/S0066154617000114
S. Mitchell
{"title":"David French 30 May 1933 to 19 March 2017","authors":"S. Mitchell","doi":"10.1017/S0066154617000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066154617000114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45130,"journal":{"name":"Anatolian Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"iii - v"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0066154617000114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42111316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-17DOI: 10.1017/S0066154617000047
A. Comfort
Abstract Although research is currently impossible on the ground, satellite photographs allow some further information to be gleaned concerning the region of the Tur Abdin, of crucial importance during the wars between the late Roman Empire and Sassanian Persia in the fourth to seventh century AD. This article examines the ancient sources and the reports of visitors to the area in the light of what is now visible to all via Google Earth and other suppliers of free satellite imagery. Apart from describing the remains of the fortresses and their role in defending an important redoubt against Persian attacks, it draws attention to the urgent necessity for proper ground surveys of what remains of the fortifications of various periods before these are completely destroyed by looting and reuse of building materials. Dams also present a substantial risk to some of the monuments discussed here.
{"title":"Fortresses of the Tur Abdin and the confrontation between Rome and Persia","authors":"A. Comfort","doi":"10.1017/S0066154617000047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066154617000047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although research is currently impossible on the ground, satellite photographs allow some further information to be gleaned concerning the region of the Tur Abdin, of crucial importance during the wars between the late Roman Empire and Sassanian Persia in the fourth to seventh century AD. This article examines the ancient sources and the reports of visitors to the area in the light of what is now visible to all via Google Earth and other suppliers of free satellite imagery. Apart from describing the remains of the fortresses and their role in defending an important redoubt against Persian attacks, it draws attention to the urgent necessity for proper ground surveys of what remains of the fortifications of various periods before these are completely destroyed by looting and reuse of building materials. Dams also present a substantial risk to some of the monuments discussed here.","PeriodicalId":45130,"journal":{"name":"Anatolian Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"181 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0066154617000047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48038647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-17DOI: 10.1017/S0066154617000011
N. Arslan
Abstract The region known as the Troad in western Anatolia is famed not only as the setting of Homer's Iliad but also for the Hellespont strait (modern Çanakkale Boğazı) linking the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean. In addition to large cities such as Sigeum, Abydus and Lampsacus, ancient writers also mention smaller cities located on the Hellespont. In this article, the location of the ancient city of Arisbe, presumed to have existed between Abydus and Lampsacus, is examined in the light of new archaeological data. Between 2002 and 2010, the author conducted surveys in the northern Troad. These surveys revealed an ancient settlement with archaeological material belonging to the Late Bronze Age, late Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods. The location of this settlement, the archaeological data and information from ancient literary sources all indicate that this site should be identified as Arisbe.
{"title":"Surface surveys in the northern Troad and the identification of Çiğlitepe as ancient Arisbe","authors":"N. Arslan","doi":"10.1017/S0066154617000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066154617000011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The region known as the Troad in western Anatolia is famed not only as the setting of Homer's Iliad but also for the Hellespont strait (modern Çanakkale Boğazı) linking the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean. In addition to large cities such as Sigeum, Abydus and Lampsacus, ancient writers also mention smaller cities located on the Hellespont. In this article, the location of the ancient city of Arisbe, presumed to have existed between Abydus and Lampsacus, is examined in the light of new archaeological data. Between 2002 and 2010, the author conducted surveys in the northern Troad. These surveys revealed an ancient settlement with archaeological material belonging to the Late Bronze Age, late Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods. The location of this settlement, the archaeological data and information from ancient literary sources all indicate that this site should be identified as Arisbe.","PeriodicalId":45130,"journal":{"name":"Anatolian Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"129 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0066154617000011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47382488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-29DOI: 10.1017/S0066154616000028
T. Zimmermann, Latif Özen
Abstract The following article discusses the archaeometrical dimension of a well-known Early Bronze Age metal figurine from Hasanoğlan, Turkey, on permanent display in the Anatolian Civilisations Museum in Ankara. The transfer of the object to a new display case allowed for an examination with a portable x-ray fluorescence (P-XRF) device in order to reveal the chemical composition of the statuette and its attached ornaments. The figurine was confirmed to be made of silver. However, it is alloyed with a small but still substantial amount of copper. The applications are basically made of gold, but with a suspected substantial (up to 23%) amount of silver involved. The final section of the article is dedicated to a critical comparison with recently published figurines from Alaca Höyük, together with an archaeological and chronological reappraisal of this unique piece of art. Özet Bu makale, Ankara Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesinde sergilenen Erken Bronz Çağına ait ünik eserler arasında kabul edilen Hasanoğlan Metal Figürininin bir arkeometrik çalışmasını içermektedir. Hasanoğlan heykelciğinin, müzede yeni vitrinine taşınması vesilesi ile yapılan Portatif X-Ray Flüoresans (P-XRF) Spektrometresi ölçümleri, figürin ve üzerindeki dekoratif eklentilerin kimyasal bileşimlerini açığa çıkarmıştır. Figürin, az ama safsızlık kabul edilmeyecek oranda bakır metali katılmış gümüş alaşımından yapılmıştır. Eklentiler temel olarak altın metalinden yapılmış olmakla birlikte ölçümlerde hemen altındaki gümüş metalinden de kaynaklanması olası yüksek oranda gümüş içermektedir. Makalenin son bölümü, bu eşsiz sanat eserinin son zamanlarda yayınlanmış Alacahöyük metal figürinleriyle arkeolojik ve kronolojik olarak yeniden değerlendirilmesine ayrılmıştır.
以下文章讨论了一个著名的早期青铜时代金属雕像的考古尺寸，它来自土耳其Hasanoğlan，在安卡拉的安纳托利亚文明博物馆永久展出。将雕像转移到一个新的陈列柜后，可以用便携式x射线荧光装置进行检查，以揭示雕像及其附属装饰品的化学成分。这个小雕像被证实是银制的。然而，它是与少量但仍然相当数量的铜合金。这些应用程序基本上是由黄金制成的，但疑似含有大量(高达23%)的银。文章的最后一部分致力于与Alaca Höyük最近出版的雕像进行批判性比较，同时对这一独特的艺术品进行考古和时间重新评估。Özet Bu makale, Ankara Anadolu Medeniyetleri m zesinde sergilenen Erken Bronz Çağına ait nik eserler arasında喀布尔edilen Hasanoğlan金属无花果 rininin bir arkeometrik çalışmasını i ermektedir。Hasanoğlan heykelciğinin, m zede yeni vitrinine taşınması vesilesi ile yapılan Portatif x射线荧光 (P-XRF)光谱仪ölçümleri, figrin ve zerindeki dekoratif ekklentilerin kimyasal bile imlerini açığa çıkarmıştır。figrrin, az ama safsızlık喀布尔edilmeyeek oranda bakır metali katılmış g m alaşımından yapılmıştır。ekklentiler temel olarak altın metalinden yapılmış olmakla birlikte ölçümlerde hemen altındaki g minden metalinden de kaynaklanmasyi olasyi y ksek oranda g m icermektedir。Makalenin son bölümü， but e siz sanat eserinin son zamanlarda yayınlanmış Alacahöyük金属架 rinleriyle arkeolojik ve kronolojik olarak yeniden değerlendirilmesine ayrılmıştır。
{"title":"The Early Bronze Age figurine from Hasanoğlan, central Turkey: new archaeometrical insights","authors":"T. Zimmermann, Latif Özen","doi":"10.1017/S0066154616000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066154616000028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The following article discusses the archaeometrical dimension of a well-known Early Bronze Age metal figurine from Hasanoğlan, Turkey, on permanent display in the Anatolian Civilisations Museum in Ankara. The transfer of the object to a new display case allowed for an examination with a portable x-ray fluorescence (P-XRF) device in order to reveal the chemical composition of the statuette and its attached ornaments. The figurine was confirmed to be made of silver. However, it is alloyed with a small but still substantial amount of copper. The applications are basically made of gold, but with a suspected substantial (up to 23%) amount of silver involved. The final section of the article is dedicated to a critical comparison with recently published figurines from Alaca Höyük, together with an archaeological and chronological reappraisal of this unique piece of art. Özet Bu makale, Ankara Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesinde sergilenen Erken Bronz Çağına ait ünik eserler arasında kabul edilen Hasanoğlan Metal Figürininin bir arkeometrik çalışmasını içermektedir. Hasanoğlan heykelciğinin, müzede yeni vitrinine taşınması vesilesi ile yapılan Portatif X-Ray Flüoresans (P-XRF) Spektrometresi ölçümleri, figürin ve üzerindeki dekoratif eklentilerin kimyasal bileşimlerini açığa çıkarmıştır. Figürin, az ama safsızlık kabul edilmeyecek oranda bakır metali katılmış gümüş alaşımından yapılmıştır. Eklentiler temel olarak altın metalinden yapılmış olmakla birlikte ölçümlerde hemen altındaki gümüş metalinden de kaynaklanması olası yüksek oranda gümüş içermektedir. Makalenin son bölümü, bu eşsiz sanat eserinin son zamanlarda yayınlanmış Alacahöyük metal figürinleriyle arkeolojik ve kronolojik olarak yeniden değerlendirilmesine ayrılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":45130,"journal":{"name":"Anatolian Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"17 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0066154616000028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57053044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-29DOI: 10.1017/S0066154616000107
Elizabeth A. Murphy, J. Poblome
Abstract Sites of ceramic production have been discovered throughout the area that was once the Roman Empire; as a result, it is becoming increasingly clear that this industry was, in the Roman and late antique worlds, organised in numerous ways. In consideration of the organisational diversity in ceramic production attested during the period, this article presents some of the findings from the excavations of a late antique complex of ceramic workshops at the site of Sagalassos in order to consider archaeological evidence in terms of, not only the organisation of the manufacturing process, but also structures of workshop decision-making. Several lines of archaeological evidence are outlined, and argue for a model of independent work units integrated into a larger organisational structure of decision-making, and possibly even ownership, across the complex. In addition, the motivation to invest in a multi-workshop complex during the late antique period at Sagalassos is contextualised within the wider history of local and regional economic development. Özet Bir zamanlar Roma İmparatorluğu olan bölge genelinde seramik üretim yerleşimleri tespit edilmiştir ve sonuç olarak, Roma ve geç antik dünyada bu endüstrinin çeşitli şekillerde düzenlendiği giderek daha açık hale gelmektedir. Bu dönemler için tespit edilen seramik üretimindeki çeşitlilik dikkate alınarak, bu makalede Sagalassos yerleşiminde bulunan geç antik döneme ait seramik atölyesi kompleksinde yapılan kazılarda ele geçen bazı buluntular sunulmaktadır. Bu arkeolojik kanıtlar, sadece üretim sürecinin düzenlenmesi açısından değil aynı zamanda atölye karar verme mekanizmaları bakımından da ele alınmaktadır. Pek çok arkeolojik kanıt özetlenmiş ve kompleks genelinde bağımsız iş birimlerinin daha geniş bir karar verme örgütsel yapısına dahil olması ve hatta belki mülkiyeti de kapsayan bir model öne sürülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, Sagalassos’da geç antik dönemde birden çok atölye bulunan bir komplekse yatırım yapma eğilimi, yerel ve bölgesel ekonomik gelişimin daha geniş tarihi içinde ele alınmıştır.
在曾经是罗马帝国的整个地区都发现了陶瓷生产遗址;因此，越来越清楚的是，在罗马和古代晚期，这个行业的组织方式多种多样。考虑到这一时期陶瓷生产的组织多样性，本文介绍了Sagalassos遗址古代陶瓷车间的一些发掘结果，以便考虑考古证据，不仅是制造过程的组织，还有车间决策的结构。文章概述了几条考古证据，并论证了一个独立工作单位的模型，该模型被整合到一个更大的决策组织结构中，甚至可能是整个建筑群的所有权。此外，在Sagalassos的晚期古董时期投资多车间综合体的动机是在当地和区域经济发展的更广泛的历史背景下进行的。Özet Bir zamanlar Roma İmparatorluğu olan bölge genelinde seramik retim yerle imleri teespit edilmi梯梯梯梯sonuç olarak, Roma ve geç antik dnyada bu end strinin e itli ekillerde düzenlendiği giderek daha açık hale gelmektedir。但是dönemler ialınarak，但是makalede Sagalassos yerlegeç antik döneme ait atölyesi kompleksinde yapılan kazılarda ele gesunulmaktadır。Bu arkeolojik kanıtlar, sadece retim s recinin d zenlenmesi açısından değil aynir zamanda atölye karar verme mekanizmalarir bakımından da ele alınmaktadır。Pek ok arkeolojik kanıt özetlenmiş ve kompleks genelinde bağımsız iki birimlerinin daha genii bir karar verme örgütsel yapısına dahil olmasyve hatta belki m lkiyeti de kapsayan bir模型öne s rllm。Buna ek olarak, Sagalassos 'da geç antik dönemde birden ok atölye bulunan bir komplekse yatırım yapma eğilimi, yerel ve bölgesel ekonomik geliimin daha genii tarihi inde ele alınmıştır。
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Pub Date : 2016-06-29DOI: 10.1017/S0066154616000016
Maxime Brami, B. Horejs, F. Ostmann
Abstract A Neolithic structure was rebuilt three times at Çukuriçi Höyük, on the central Anatolian Aegean coast, despite its unfavourable location on unsettled fill. We draw upon this seemingly incongruous case to make inference about the siting of buildings in Neolithic times. Through detailed cross-comparison with other sequences of vertically superimposed buildings in Anatolia and the Aegean region, we retrace the contours of a Neolithic practice aimed at maintaining occupation in one place. Over time, building continuity transformed into a strategy by some households to claim authority over a place and appropriate it for their own benefit. With regard to the location of Neolithic buildings, we conclude that choices about location dominated over practical considerations. Once a commitment to place was made, there was no turning back, even when this meant living in an unstable house that needed to be rebuilt repeatedly. Özet Anadolu Ege kıyılarının merkezinde yer alan Çukuriçi Höyük’te, oturmamış dolgu toprak üzerindeki olumsuz konumuna rağmen, Neolitik yerleşim üç kez yeniden inşa edilmiştir. Neolitik dönemde binaların konumlandırılması konusunda bir çıkarım yapmak için bu aykırı görünen örnek üzerinde durmaktayız. Anadolu ve Ege’de dikey konumlandırılmış diğer yapı dizileriyle detaylı çapraz karşılaştırma sayesinde tek bir yerde yerleşimi sürdürmeyi amaçlayan Neolitik dönem uygulamalarının izini sürmekteyiz. Zamanla, yapı sürekliliği bazı haneler tarafından bir yer üzerinde hakimiyet iddia etmek ve kendi yararına uygun hale getirmek için bir stratejiye dönüşmüştür. Neolitik binaların konumu ile ilgili olarak, seçimlerin pratik hususlar üzerinde hakim olduğu sonucuna varmaktayız. Konum konusunda bir karar verildiği zaman, bu art arda inşa edilmesi gereken sağlam olmayan bir evde yaşamak anlamına gelse bile, bundan geri dönüş yoktu.
一个新石器时代的建筑在Çukuriçi Höyük被重建了三次，在中部的安纳托利亚爱琴海海岸，尽管它的位置不利，未解决的填充物。我们利用这个看似不协调的案例来推断新石器时代建筑的选址。通过与安纳托利亚和爱琴海地区其他垂直叠加建筑序列的详细交叉比较，我们追溯了新石器时代旨在维持一个地方的职业的实践轮廓。随着时间的推移，建立连续性变成了一些家庭的一种策略，他们声称对一个地方拥有权力，并将其用于自己的利益。关于新石器时代建筑的位置，我们得出结论，关于位置的选择占实际考虑的主导地位。一旦对地方做出了承诺，就没有回头路可走，即使这意味着生活在一个需要反复重建的不稳定的房子里。Özet Anadolu Ege kıyılarının merkezinde yer alan Çukuriçi Höyük 'te, oturmamış dolgu toprak zerindeki olumsuz konumuna rağmen, Neolitik yerle üç kez yeniden in a edilmi tir。新石器dönemde binaların konumlandırılması konusunda bir çıkarım yapmak i in bu aykırı görünen örnek zerinde durmaktayız。安纳托里亚已经针对用搞女性同性恋的konumlandırılmışdiğer yapıdizileriyle detaylıcapraz冰斗şılaştırma sayesinde tek bir yerde yerleşimi surdurmeyi amaclayan Neolitik donem uygulamalarınıizini surmekteyiz。Zamanla, yapbirsürekliliği bazbazhaneler tarafından bir yer zerinde hakimiyet iddia etmek ve kendi yararına uygun hale getirmek i bir stratejiye dönüşmüştür。新石器时代binaların konumu ile ilgili olarak, secarimlerin pratik hususlar zerinde hakim olduğu sonucuna varmaktayız。Konum konusunda bir karar verildiği zaman, buart arda inata edilmesi gereken sağlam olmayan bir evde yamak anlamına gelse bile, bundan geri dönüş yoktu。
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