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Physical Considerations for an Intercept Mission to a 1I/'Oumuamua-like Interstellar Object 拦截类oumuamua星际物体的物理考虑
IF 1.3 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1142/s2251171723400019
A. Siraj, A. Loeb, A. Moro-Martin, Mark Elowitz, A. White, W. Watters, G. Melnick, Richard Cloete, J. Grindlay, F. Laukien
In this paper, we review some of the extant literature on the study of interstellar objects (ISOs). With the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Telescope and Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), we find that 0 . 38 − 84 ‘Oumuamua-like interstellar objects are expected to be detected in the next 10 years, with 95% confidence. The feasibility of a rendezvous trajectory has been demonstrated in previous work. In this paper, we investigate the requirements for a rendezvous mission with the primary objective of producing a resolved image of an interstellar object. We outline the rendezvous distances necessary as a function of resolution elements and object size. We expand upon current population synthesis models to account for the size dependency on the detection rates for reachable interstellar objects. We assess the trade-off between object diameter and occurrence rate, and conclude that objects with the size range between a third of the size and the size of ‘Oumuamua will be optimal targets for an imaging rendezvous. We also discuss expectations for surface properties and spectral features of interstellar objects, as well as the benefits of various spacecraft storage locations.
本文对现有的一些关于星际物体研究的文献进行了综述。通过即将到来的Vera C. Rubin望远镜和时空遗留调查(LSST),我们发现0。38 - 84 '的类奥陌陌星际物体预计将在未来10年内被探测到,置信度为95%。交会轨迹的可行性已经在以往的工作中得到了验证。在本文中,我们研究了交会任务的要求,其主要目标是产生一个星际物体的分辨率图像。我们概述了作为分辨率元素和对象大小的函数所必需的交会距离。我们扩展了当前的人口综合模型,以解释可到达星际物体的探测率对大小的依赖。我们评估了物体直径和发生率之间的权衡,并得出结论,大小范围在“Oumuamua”大小的三分之一之间的物体将是成像交会的最佳目标。我们还讨论了对星际物体表面特性和光谱特征的期望,以及不同航天器存储位置的好处。
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引用次数: 2
Low-cost, Low-loss, Ultra-wideband Compact Feed for Interferometric Radio Telescopes 用于干涉射电望远镜的低成本,低损耗,超宽带紧凑型馈电
IF 1.3 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1142/s2251171723500083
Vincent MacKay, Mark Lai, P. Shmerko, D. Wulf, L. Belostotski, K. Vanderlinde
We have developed, built, and tested a new feed design for interferometric radio telescopes with"large-$N$, small-$D$"designs. Those arrays require low-cost and low-complexity feeds for mass production on reasonable timescales and budgets, and also require those feeds to be compact to minimize obstruction of the dishes, along with having ultra wide bands of operation for most current and future science goals. The feed presented in this paper modifies the exponentially tapered slot antenna (Vivaldi) and quad-ridged flared horn antenna designs by having an oversized backshort, a novel method of maintaining a small size that is well-suited for deeper dishes ($f/Dleq 0.25$). It is made of laser cut aluminum and printed circuit boards, such that it is inexpensive ($lesssim$ 75 USD per feed in large-scale production) and quick to build; it has a 5:1 frequency ratio, and its size is approximately a third of its longest operating wavelength. We present the science and engineering constraints that went into design decisions, the development and optimization process, and the simulated performance. A version of this feed design was optimized and built for the Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector (CHORD) prototypes. When simulated on CHORD's very deep dishes ($f/D=0.21$) and with CHORD's custom first stage amplifiers, the on-sky system temperature $T_mathrm{sys}$ of the complete receiving system from dish to digitizer remains below 30 K over most of the 0.3-1.5 GHz band, and maintains an aperture efficiency $eta_mathrm{A}$ between 0.4 and 0.6. The entire receiving chain operates at ambient temperature. The feed is designed to slightly under-illuminate the CHORD dishes, in order to minimize coupling between array elements and spillover.
我们开发、建造并测试了一种新的干涉式射电望远镜馈源设计,其设计为“大-$N$,小-$D$”。这些阵列需要低成本、低复杂性的饲料,以便在合理的时间和预算内大规模生产,还需要这些饲料紧凑,以最大限度地减少对餐具的阻碍,同时为大多数当前和未来的科学目标提供超宽的操作范围。本文提出的馈源通过具有超大后短来修改指数锥形缝隙天线(Vivaldi)和四脊喇叭天线的设计,这是一种保持小尺寸的新方法,非常适合更深的碟形天线($f/Dleq0.25$)。它由激光切割的铝和印刷电路板制成,因此它价格低廉(在大规模生产中,每只饲料75美元),而且建造速度快;它的频率比为5:1,其大小大约是其最长工作波长的三分之一。我们介绍了设计决策、开发和优化过程以及模拟性能中的科学和工程约束。该进料设计的一个版本是为加拿大氢观测站和无线电瞬态探测器(CHORD)原型优化和构建的。当在CHORD的甚深碟形天线($f/D=0.21$)和CHORD的定制第一级放大器上模拟时,从碟形天线到数字化仪的整个接收系统的天空系统温度$T_mathrm{sys}$在0.3-1.5GHz频带的大部分时间内保持在30K以下,并保持孔径效率$eta_mathrm{A}$在0.4和0.6之间。整个接收链在环境温度下运行。进料被设计为稍微低于CHORD盘的照明,以最大限度地减少阵列元件和溢出之间的耦合。
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引用次数: 0
Astrometric and Photometric Standard Candidates for the Upcoming 4-m International Liquid Mirror Telescope Survey 即将到来的4米国际液镜望远镜巡天的天体测量和光度标准候选者
IF 1.3 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1142/s2251171722400013
Naveen Dukiya, K. Misra, B. Pradhan, Vibhore Negi, B. Ailawadhi, B. Kumar, P. Hickson, J. Surdej
The International Liquid Mirror Telescope (ILMT) is a 4-m class survey telescope that has recently achieved first light and is expected to swing into full operations by January 1, 2023. It scans the sky in a fixed [Formula: see text] wide strip centered at the declination of [Formula: see text] and works in Time Delay Integration (TDI) mode. We present a full catalog of sources in the ILMT strip that can serve as astrometric calibrators. The characteristics of the sources for astrometric calibration are extracted from Gaia EDR3 as it provides a very precise measurement of astrometric properties such as RA ([Formula: see text]), Dec ([Formula: see text]), parallax ([Formula: see text]), and proper motions ([Formula: see text] & [Formula: see text]). We have crossmatched the Gaia EDR3 with SDSS DR17 and PanSTARRS-1 (PS1) and supplemented the catalog with apparent magnitudes of these sources in [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] filters. We also present a catalog of spectroscopically confirmed white dwarfs with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) magnitudes that may serve as photometric calibrators. The catalogs generated are stored in an SQLite database for query-based access. We also report the offsets in equatorial positions compared to Gaia for an astrometrically calibrated TDI frame observed with the ILMT.
国际液镜望远镜(ILMT)是一台4米级的勘测望远镜,最近获得了第一颗光,预计将于2023年1月1日全面投入使用。它以[公式:见正文]的赤纬为中心,以固定的[公式:见图正文]宽带扫描天空,并在时延积分(TDI)模式下工作。我们在ILMT带中提供了一个完整的源目录,可以用作天体测量校准器。天体测量校准源的特征是从Gaia EDR3中提取的,因为它提供了对天体测量特性的非常精确的测量,如RA([公式:见正文])、Dec([公式,见正文]。我们将Gaia EDR3与SDSS DR17和PanSTARRS-1(PS1)进行了交叉匹配,并在[公式:见正文]和[公式:参见正文]过滤器中用这些源的表观星等补充了目录。我们还提供了一份光谱确认的斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)星等白矮星目录,这些白矮星可以作为光度校准器。生成的目录存储在SQLite数据库中,用于基于查询的访问。我们还报告了用ILMT观测到的天文校准TDI帧与Gaia相比赤道位置的偏移。
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引用次数: 3
Overview of The Galileo Project 伽利略计划概述
IF 1.3 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.1142/s2251171723400032
A. Loeb
The Galileo Project is the first systematic scientific research program in search for potential astro-archaeological artifacts or remnants of extraterrestrial technological civilizations (ETCs) or potentially active equipment near Earth. Taking a path not taken, it conceivably may pick some low-hanging fruit, and without asserting probabilities - make discoveries of ETC-related objects, which would have far-reaching implications for science and our worldview.
伽利略计划是第一个系统的科学研究计划,旨在寻找潜在的天文考古文物或外星技术文明(ETCs)的遗迹或地球附近潜在的活跃设备。可以想象,它可能会选择一些唾手可得的果实,而不是断言概率——发现与外星人相关的物体,这将对科学和我们的世界观产生深远的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Probing the New Generation Geodetic Radio Telescopes for FRB Observations 探索新一代大地射电望远镜的快速射电暴观测
IF 1.3 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1142/s2251171722500155
S. Kurdubov, D. Marshalov
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引用次数: 0
First light of the Integral Field Unit of GRIS on the GREGOR solar telescope GREGOR太阳望远镜上GRIS积分场单元的初光
IF 1.3 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1142/S2251171722500143
C. Dominguez-Tagle, M. Collados, R. López, J. J. V. Cedillo, M. Esteves, O. Grassin, N. Vega, Á. Mato, J. Quintero, H. Rodriguez, S. Regalado, F. G. I. D. A. D. Canarias, D. Astrof́isica, U. L. Laguna, Leibniz-Institut fur Sonnenphysik
An Integral Field Unit (IFU) based on image-slicers has been added to the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS). This upgrade to the instrument makes possible 2D spectropolarimetry in the near-infrared by simultaneously recording the full Stokes profiles of spectral lines (in a given spectral interval) at all the points in the field of view. It provides high-cadence spectropolarimetric observations at the instrument's high spatial resolution and high polarization sensitivity at the GREGOR solar telescope. The IFU is ideal for observing the polarized spectrum of fast-evolving solar features at high spatial and spectral resolutions. The high observing cadence opens the possibility of time-series observations. The analysis of observations to this level of accuracy is essential for understanding the complex dynamics and interactions of solar plasma and magnetic fields. The image slicer of the IFU has eight slices of width 100 micron, covering a total field of view of 6"x 3". It was designed and built within the framework of the European projects SOLARNET and GREST, as a prototype for future instruments of the European Solar Telescope (EST) and was integrated into GRIS. After two commissioning campaigns in 2017 and 2018, the IFU was finally installed at the end of September 2018 and offered to all observers who use the telescope.
GREGOR红外光谱仪(GRIS)增加了一个基于图像切片器的集成场单元(IFU)。该仪器的升级通过同时记录视场中所有点的谱线(在给定的谱间隔内)的完整斯托克斯轮廓,使近红外二维光谱偏振成为可能。它在GREGOR太阳望远镜上以仪器的高空间分辨率和高偏振灵敏度提供了高阶分光偏振观测。IFU是以高空间和光谱分辨率观测快速演化的太阳特征的偏振光谱的理想选择。高观测节奏开启了时间序列观测的可能性。对观测结果进行如此精确的分析对于理解太阳等离子体和磁场的复杂动力学和相互作用至关重要。使用说明书的图像切片器有八个宽度为100微米的切片,总视野为6“x 3”。它是在欧洲项目SOLARNET和GREST的框架内设计和建造的,是欧洲太阳望远镜(EST)未来仪器的原型,并集成到GRIS中。经过2017年和2018年的两次试运行,IFU最终于2018年9月底安装完毕,并向所有使用该望远镜的观测者提供。
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引用次数: 8
A preliminary plan to quickly restore utility to the Arecibo 305m telescope 初步计划迅速恢复阿雷西博305米望远镜的功能
IF 1.3 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1142/s225117172250012x
D. Ferguson, J. Breakall, P. Bernhardt, Felix Fernandez, C. Brum, Alfredo Iii Santoni-Ruiz, R. Kerr, Robert L. Williams II
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引用次数: 1
Exoplanet detection with Genesis 用创世纪探测系外行星
IF 1.3 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.1142/s2251171722500118
K. Visser, B. Bosma, E. Postma
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引用次数: 1
Experimental Validation of a Novel Concept to Reduce Optical Surface Wave Front Errors by Using Deformable Bushes at Opto-Mechanical Interfaces 利用可变形衬套减小光机械界面表面波前误差新概念的实验验证
IF 1.3 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1142/s2251171722500039
S. Nagabhushana, B. R. Prasad, S. Nagesh, Suresh Venkata Nara, D. Sandeep, P. Kamath, Shalab Misra, Bhavana S. Hegde, D. Utkarsha, M. K. Sinha, S. Kathiravan, V. Natarajan, S. P. Kumar, Amit Kumar
One of the major objectives of the optomechanics is to support large optics required for the purpose and also to maintain high dynamic stability in operation. This requirement calls for more number of supports, to support large optics. While addressing this issue, the mounting system tends to become non-kinematic and distorts the optical surface and leads to poor image quality. The distorted optical surfaces bring in increased RMS surface wavefront errors which will result in poor image quality. In this context, a new concept is proposed in our previous publication (Nagabhushana et al., 2021) which involves introduction of deformable bushes at the optomechanical interfaces. These are deformed by applied clamping forces and also enabling all degrees of freedom (DOF) to be arrested. This also ensures that the clamping force in axial DOF is limited to a minimal value. This technique enables to arrest of axial DOF without exerting the clamping force on the optomechanical assembly there by reduces optical aberrations and improves the mounting system’s dynamic stability. This is because deformable bushes absorb all the clamping forces and the strain has no impact on the mount and therefore does not lead deformation of the optical surface. The clamping forces are simulated by Finite Element (FE) methods. Further, in this paper, the concept is verified and validated by experiments. The simulation results are observed to be in close correlation with experiment results. Improved stability is also observed by additional constraints introduced to optomechanical mounts with no compromise in wavefront errors.
光力学的主要目标之一是支持所需的大型光学器件,并在运行中保持高动态稳定性。这一要求需要更多的支持,以支持大型光学器件。在解决这个问题时,安装系统往往会变得非运动学和扭曲光学表面,导致图像质量差。光学表面的畸变会导致表面波前均方根误差增大,从而导致成像质量下降。在此背景下,我们在之前的出版物(Nagabhushana等人,2021)中提出了一个新概念,该概念涉及在光机械界面引入可变形的套管。这些是变形的应用夹紧力,也使所有的自由度(DOF)被逮捕。这也保证了夹持力在轴向自由度被限制到一个最小值。该技术可以在不施加夹持力的情况下实现轴向自由度的控制,减少了光学像差,提高了安装系统的动态稳定性。这是因为可变形的衬套吸收了所有的夹紧力,并且应变对安装没有影响,因此不会导致光学表面变形。采用有限元方法对夹紧力进行了模拟。进一步,本文通过实验对该概念进行了验证和验证。模拟结果与实验结果有较好的相关性。改进的稳定性也观察到额外的约束引入光机械安装没有妥协的波前误差。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Controllers and Development of a new in-house Controller for the Teledyne HxRG Focal Plane Array for the IRSIS satellite payload 用于IRSIS卫星有效载荷的Teledyne HxRG焦平面阵列控制器的评估和新型内部控制器的开发
IF 1.3 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1142/s225117172250009x
M. B. Naik, D. Ojha, S. Ghosh, P. Manoj, J. Ninan, S. Ghosh, S. D’costa, S. Poojary, S. Bhagat, P. Sandimani, H. Shah, R. Jadhav, S. Gharat, G. Meshram, B. G. Bagade
The Infrared Astronomy Group (Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics) at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is presently developing controllers for the Teledyne HxRG Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) to be used on board the Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging Survey (IRSIS) satellite payload. In this manuscript we discuss the results of our tests with different FPA controllers like the Astronomical Research Cameras (ARC) controller, Teledyne’s SIDECAR ASIC as well as our new in-house designed Array controller. As part of the development phase of the IRSIS instrument, which is an optical fibre based Integral Field Unit (IFU) Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectrometer, a laboratory model with limited NIR bandwidth was built which consisted of various subsystems like a Ritchey-Chretien (RC) 30 cm telescope, optical fibre IFU, spectrometer optics, and the Teledyne H2RG detector module. We discuss the various developments during the building and testing of the IRSIS laboratory model and the technical aspects of the prototype in-house H2RG controller.
塔塔基础研究所(TIFR)的红外天文学小组(天文学和天体物理学系)目前正在为Teledyne HxRG焦平面阵列(FPA)开发控制器,该阵列将用于红外光谱成像调查(IRSIS)卫星有效载荷。在这份手稿中,我们讨论了我们对不同FPA控制器的测试结果,如天文研究相机(ARC)控制器、Teledyne的SIDECAR ASIC以及我们新的内部设计的阵列控制器。作为IRSIS仪器(一种基于光纤的集成场单元(IFU)近红外光谱仪)开发阶段的一部分,建立了一个具有有限近红外带宽的实验室模型,该模型由各种子系统组成,如Ritchey-Chretien(RC)30厘米望远镜、光纤IFU、光谱仪光学器件和Teledyne H2RG探测器模块。我们讨论了在IRSIS实验室模型的构建和测试过程中的各种发展,以及内部H2RG控制器原型的技术方面。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation
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