Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.155.3.159.38674
R. K. Rowe, L. Goveas, J. Dittrich
Gassy soils are soils that contain gases under positive pressure. They can have a significant impact on the stability of excavations. This briefing note summarises two cases in southern Ontario, Canada, that highlight the importance of continued research into the behaviour of gassy soils.
{"title":"Excavations in gassy soils","authors":"R. K. Rowe, L. Goveas, J. Dittrich","doi":"10.1680/GENG.155.3.159.38674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.155.3.159.38674","url":null,"abstract":"Gassy soils are soils that contain gases under positive pressure. They can have a significant impact on the stability of excavations. This briefing note summarises two cases in southern Ontario, Canada, that highlight the importance of continued research into the behaviour of gassy soils.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"155 1","pages":"159-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67400972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.3.187
A. Al-Tabbaa, N. Boes
Parts 1, 2 and 3 of this series of publications gave details of the development and application of a pilot in situ auger mixing treatment on a contaminated site in West Drayton, Middlesex. The trea...
{"title":"Pilot in situ auger mixing treatment of a contaminated site. Part 4. Performance at five years","authors":"A. Al-Tabbaa, N. Boes","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.3.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.3.187","url":null,"abstract":"Parts 1, 2 and 3 of this series of publications gave details of the development and application of a pilot in situ auger mixing treatment on a contaminated site in West Drayton, Middlesex. The trea...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"155 1","pages":"187-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.3.187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.155.3.163.38682
S. Gourvenec, W. Powrie, E. Moor
Although long retaining walls are usually analysed in the permanent condition by means of a plane strain analysis, three-dimensional effects may be significant in limiting ground movements at certain stages during construction. This is particularly true for embedded diaphragm-type retaining walls propped at formation level. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element analysis representing a typical construction sequence for such a wall is compared with a corresponding plane strain analysis and field data from the A4/A46 Batheaston–Swainswick bypass. The results are used to assess the significance of three-dimensional effects during construction, and suggest how these can be utilised to minimise ground movements.
{"title":"Three-dimensional effects in the construction of a long retaining wall","authors":"S. Gourvenec, W. Powrie, E. Moor","doi":"10.1680/GENG.155.3.163.38682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.155.3.163.38682","url":null,"abstract":"Although long retaining walls are usually analysed in the permanent condition by means of a plane strain analysis, three-dimensional effects may be significant in limiting ground movements at certain stages during construction. This is particularly true for embedded diaphragm-type retaining walls propped at formation level. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element analysis representing a typical construction sequence for such a wall is compared with a corresponding plane strain analysis and field data from the A4/A46 Batheaston–Swainswick bypass. The results are used to assess the significance of three-dimensional effects during construction, and suggest how these can be utilised to minimise ground movements.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"155 1","pages":"163-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67400981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.133
M. Winter, B. Clarke
In the UK, the introduction of a tax on landfill and the tightening of planning consents for disposal provided powerful incentives for the use of industrial by-products such as pulverised fuel ash (PFA) in construction. PFA (known as fly ash in some parts of the world) has a long history of successful use as general fill, including applications in environmentally sensitive locations. However, the current commonly used Specification for Highway Works treats PFA as a manufactured material, and applies an end-product specification for compaction. This form of specification is restrictive as it requires that the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content be determined for each consignment of PFA delivered to site, a process that can take up to two days. In addition, the Specification requires testing to determine effective shear strength parameters under fully saturated conditions for embankment design. No guidance is given on whether peak or post-peak parameters are to be selected for design purposes o...
{"title":"IMPROVED USE OF PULVERISED FUEL ASH AS GENERAL FILL","authors":"M. Winter, B. Clarke","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.133","url":null,"abstract":"In the UK, the introduction of a tax on landfill and the tightening of planning consents for disposal provided powerful incentives for the use of industrial by-products such as pulverised fuel ash (PFA) in construction. PFA (known as fly ash in some parts of the world) has a long history of successful use as general fill, including applications in environmentally sensitive locations. However, the current commonly used Specification for Highway Works treats PFA as a manufactured material, and applies an end-product specification for compaction. This form of specification is restrictive as it requires that the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content be determined for each consignment of PFA delivered to site, a process that can take up to two days. In addition, the Specification requires testing to determine effective shear strength parameters under fully saturated conditions for embankment design. No guidance is given on whether peak or post-peak parameters are to be selected for design purposes o...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"155 1","pages":"133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.93
A. Penman
An essay on the foremost British government soil mechanics laboratory from earliest times to 1957.
从早期到1957年，英国政府最重要的土壤力学实验室。
{"title":"Briefing: Geotechnical engineering and building research: the early days of soil mechanics at BRS—Part 4, 1948–1957","authors":"A. Penman","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.93","url":null,"abstract":"An essay on the foremost British government soil mechanics laboratory from earliest times to 1957.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"155 1","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.93","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.111
P. Broughton, R. Davies, T. Aldridge, T. Carrington
The Maureen Oil Field, located in the UK sector of the North Sea, was developed in the early 1980s, with the installation of the world's largest steel gravity platform, together with the installation of an export pipeline to an offshore concrete articulated loading column. Production in the field ceased in October 1999, and the facilities at the Maureen location were removed in the summer of 2001 as part of the decommissioning process. The largest element for removal and decommissioning was the steel gravity platform of about 1100 MN (110 000 t). This paper describes all the geotechnical engineering works, associated with the hydraulic skirt extraction/jacking of the gravity platform from the seabed, which were executed prior to the refloat and tow of the platform to deep water inshore moorings, together with a summary of results from the actual skirt extraction/jacking process, which was executed in June 2001.
{"title":"Foundation design for the refloat of the Maureen steel gravity platform","authors":"P. Broughton, R. Davies, T. Aldridge, T. Carrington","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"The Maureen Oil Field, located in the UK sector of the North Sea, was developed in the early 1980s, with the installation of the world's largest steel gravity platform, together with the installation of an export pipeline to an offshore concrete articulated loading column. Production in the field ceased in October 1999, and the facilities at the Maureen location were removed in the summer of 2001 as part of the decommissioning process. The largest element for removal and decommissioning was the steel gravity platform of about 1100 MN (110 000 t). This paper describes all the geotechnical engineering works, associated with the hydraulic skirt extraction/jacking of the gravity platform from the seabed, which were executed prior to the refloat and tow of the platform to deep water inshore moorings, together with a summary of results from the actual skirt extraction/jacking process, which was executed in June 2001.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"155 1","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.119
A. Soubra, B. Macuh
A simple method is proposed for calculating the active and passive earth pressure coefficients in the general case of an inclined wall and a sloping backfill. The approach used is based on rotational log-spiral failure mechanisms in the framework of the upper-bound theorem of limit analysis. It is shown that the energy balance equation of a rotational log-spiral mechanism is equivalent to the moment equilibrium equation about the centre of the log-spiral. Numerical optimisation of the active and passive earth pressure coefficients is performed automatically by a spreadsheet optimisation tool. The implementation of the proposed method is illustrated using an example. The predictions by the present method are compared with those given by other authors.
{"title":"Active and passive earth pressure coefficients by a kinematical approach","authors":"A. Soubra, B. Macuh","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.119","url":null,"abstract":"A simple method is proposed for calculating the active and passive earth pressure coefficients in the general case of an inclined wall and a sloping backfill. The approach used is based on rotational log-spiral failure mechanisms in the framework of the upper-bound theorem of limit analysis. It is shown that the energy balance equation of a rotational log-spiral mechanism is equivalent to the moment equilibrium equation about the centre of the log-spiral. Numerical optimisation of the active and passive earth pressure coefficients is performed automatically by a spreadsheet optimisation tool. The implementation of the proposed method is illustrated using an example. The predictions by the present method are compared with those given by other authors.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"155 1","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.101
S.W. Lee
At the London Docklands Light Railway Lewisham Extension (DLR-LWE) twin tunnelling project, compensation grouting was carried out beneath sensitive structures to prevent excessive settlement due to tunnelling. However, excessive grout injections might exert extra loads on the tunnels underneath. This issue has become a major concern for tunnelling and grouting contractors after a report by the UK's Health and Safety Executive in 2000, which listed grouting force as one of the possible factors that might have caused the collapse of the London Heathrow Express tunnels in 1994. This paper presents the extensive field monitoring data compiled by the tunnelling contractor on surface and building settlements as well as tunnel lining deformations caused by compensation grouting. It will be shown that the final corrected building settlements, incorporating compensation grouting, were about 5 mm. In the case of greenfield settlement the maximum observed settlement was less than 15 mm, a criterion specified by Lond...
{"title":"THE USE OF COMPENSATION GROUTING IN TUNNELLING: A CASE STUDY","authors":"S.W. Lee","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.101","url":null,"abstract":"At the London Docklands Light Railway Lewisham Extension (DLR-LWE) twin tunnelling project, compensation grouting was carried out beneath sensitive structures to prevent excessive settlement due to tunnelling. However, excessive grout injections might exert extra loads on the tunnels underneath. This issue has become a major concern for tunnelling and grouting contractors after a report by the UK's Health and Safety Executive in 2000, which listed grouting force as one of the possible factors that might have caused the collapse of the London Heathrow Express tunnels in 1994. This paper presents the extensive field monitoring data compiled by the tunnelling contractor on surface and building settlements as well as tunnel lining deformations caused by compensation grouting. It will be shown that the final corrected building settlements, incorporating compensation grouting, were about 5 mm. In the case of greenfield settlement the maximum observed settlement was less than 15 mm, a criterion specified by Lond...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"155 1","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.2.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.27
A. Penman
An essay on the foremost British government soil mechanics laboratory from earlies times to 1957.
从早期到1957年，英国政府最重要的土壤力学实验室。
{"title":"Geotechnical engineering and building research: the early days of soil mechanics at BRS?Part 3, 1944?1948","authors":"A. Penman","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"An essay on the foremost British government soil mechanics laboratory from earlies times to 1957.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"155 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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