Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.35
M. Winter, A. Butler, K. Brady, W. A. Stewart
Excavations for a new service installation in Lindsay Road, Edinburgh, revealed that the ferritic stainless steel reinforcements of the supporting reinforced earth retaining wall were, in parts, severely corroded. This paper presents the findings of an investigation into the cause of the deterioration of the wall. The results of chemical tests undertaken on the backfill indicate that the material was most likely unsuitable for the construction of reinforced earth structures with any of the types of metallic, reinforcement that are, or have been, commonly used. Ferritic stainless steels are now generally considered to be unsuitable for use in reinforced earth structures regardless of backfill type. Indeed, the use of the materials for reinforcements ceased within a few years of the construction of the wall at Lindsay Road. Surveys of the alignments of the wall have also been conducted. The surveys of the wall indicated that there was no measurable movement prior to demolition.
{"title":"Investigation of corroded stainless steel reinforcing elements in spent oil shale backfill","authors":"M. Winter, A. Butler, K. Brady, W. A. Stewart","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Excavations for a new service installation in Lindsay Road, Edinburgh, revealed that the ferritic stainless steel reinforcements of the supporting reinforced earth retaining wall were, in parts, severely corroded. This paper presents the findings of an investigation into the cause of the deterioration of the wall. The results of chemical tests undertaken on the backfill indicate that the material was most likely unsuitable for the construction of reinforced earth structures with any of the types of metallic, reinforcement that are, or have been, commonly used. Ferritic stainless steels are now generally considered to be unsuitable for use in reinforced earth structures regardless of backfill type. Indeed, the use of the materials for reinforcements ceased within a few years of the construction of the wall at Lindsay Road. Surveys of the alignments of the wall have also been conducted. The surveys of the wall indicated that there was no measurable movement prior to demolition.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.47
T. Addenbrooke, J. Ong, D. Potts
This paper presents the details of, and results from, finite-element modelling of a monitored field trial of compensation grouting in Singapore Marine Clay. The numerical results are compared with ...
本文介绍了新加坡海相粘土补偿灌浆现场监测试验的有限元模拟细节和结果。数值结果与…
{"title":"Finite-element analysis of a compensation grouting field trial in soft clay","authors":"T. Addenbrooke, J. Ong, D. Potts","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.47","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the details of, and results from, finite-element modelling of a monitored field trial of compensation grouting in Singapore Marine Clay. The numerical results are compared with ...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.23
R. Pugh
Since the introduction by UK insurers of cover for subsidence of the foundations to domestic properties in the early 1970s there has been a considerable rise in both the number of subsidence claims per annum and in the occurrence of claims surges related to clay shrinkage and periods of dry weather. The cost to date of the associated remedial works to shallow foundations runs to billions of pounds. The incidence of subsidence claims and claims surges over the previous three decades has been reviewed in relation to rainfall data from which it is concluded that both phenomena are closely linked to both rainfall deficits and to climate change. It is further concluded, on the basis of the historical data, that surges in subsidence claims can occur with little or no warning, irrespective of the antecedent soil moisture conditions. If current climate changes continue, the pattern of subsidence claims and surges is likely to continue. Whether or not recent events represent permanent climate change or normal vari...
{"title":"Some observations on the influence of recent climate change on the subsidence of shallow foundations","authors":"R. Pugh","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Since the introduction by UK insurers of cover for subsidence of the foundations to domestic properties in the early 1970s there has been a considerable rise in both the number of subsidence claims per annum and in the occurrence of claims surges related to clay shrinkage and periods of dry weather. The cost to date of the associated remedial works to shallow foundations runs to billions of pounds. The incidence of subsidence claims and claims surges over the previous three decades has been reviewed in relation to rainfall data from which it is concluded that both phenomena are closely linked to both rainfall deficits and to climate change. It is further concluded, on the basis of the historical data, that surges in subsidence claims can occur with little or no warning, irrespective of the antecedent soil moisture conditions. If current climate changes continue, the pattern of subsidence claims and surges is likely to continue. Whether or not recent events represent permanent climate change or normal vari...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.71
J. Monnet, D. Allagnat
The A49 motorway runs along the Isere river near Teche, between Grenoble and Valence, in France, and a large retaining wall was needed there. This structure is an anchored wall, and its design was made with the help of pressuremeter measurements. The pressuremeter tests were carried out with a lantern probe, which was pushed into the soil by dynamic driving. A new pressuremeter theory was used to determine the internal angle of friction of the gravels. The results allowed the best adjustment of the wall to the geotechnical environment. The A49 motorway has been used since 1991 without trouble.
{"title":"Design of a large soil retaining structure with pressuremeter analysis","authors":"J. Monnet, D. Allagnat","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.71","url":null,"abstract":"The A49 motorway runs along the Isere river near Teche, between Grenoble and Valence, in France, and a large retaining wall was needed there. This structure is an anchored wall, and its design was made with the help of pressuremeter measurements. The pressuremeter tests were carried out with a lantern probe, which was pushed into the soil by dynamic driving. A new pressuremeter theory was used to determine the internal angle of friction of the gravels. The results allowed the best adjustment of the wall to the geotechnical environment. The A49 motorway has been used since 1991 without trouble.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.59
A. Powderham
Simplicity is at the heart of the observational method. Its basis is straightforward and it is an inherently natural approach to address uncertainty. The focus on prediction, monitoring, feedback, ...
简单性是观察方法的核心。它的基础很简单，是解决不确定性的自然方法。专注于预测、监控、反馈……
{"title":"THE OBSERVATIONAL METHOD - LEARNING FROM PROJECTS","authors":"A. Powderham","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.59","url":null,"abstract":"Simplicity is at the heart of the observational method. Its basis is straightforward and it is an inherently natural approach to address uncertainty. The focus on prediction, monitoring, feedback, ...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.217
A. Penman
{"title":"Geotechnical engineering and building research: the early days of soil mechanics at BRS-Part 2, 1935-1944","authors":"A. Penman","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.149.4.211.48654
D. Toll
Minor, shallow landslides have occurred frequently on the island of Singapore. However, very few major landslides (greater than 10 m in height) have occurred. Slope failures in the sedimentary Jurong and granitic Bukit Timah formations have occurred largely on slopes with angles greater than or equal to 27 degrees. It is clear that rainfall has been the dominant triggering event for landslides in Singapore. Observations of past landslide events suggest that a total rainfall of 100 mm within a six-day period is sufficient for minor landslides to take place. The equivalent condition for major landslides would appear to be 320 mm within 16 days but this is based on very limited data. (A)
{"title":"RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES IN SINGAPORE","authors":"D. Toll","doi":"10.1680/GENG.149.4.211.48654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.149.4.211.48654","url":null,"abstract":"Minor, shallow landslides have occurred frequently on the island of Singapore. However, very few major landslides (greater than 10 m in height) have occurred. Slope failures in the sedimentary Jurong and granitic Bukit Timah formations have occurred largely on slopes with angles greater than or equal to 27 degrees. It is clear that rainfall has been the dominant triggering event for landslides in Singapore. Observations of past landslide events suggest that a total rainfall of 100 mm within a six-day period is sufficient for minor landslides to take place. The equivalent condition for major landslides would appear to be 320 mm within 16 days but this is based on very limited data. (A)","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67400823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.259
B. Indraratna, N. Aziz, A. Dey
The shear behaviour of bolted and non-bolted joints containing infill material was studied under the constant normal stiffness condition. More than 40 sawtooth-shaped samples having an asperity angle of 18·5° were tested. The shear behaviour of bolted and non-bolted joints containing infill material, up to 7·5 mm in thickness, was studied under various initial normal stress levels between 0·13 and 3·25 MPa, at a constant strain rate of 0·5 mm/min and a constant stiffness of 8·5 kN/mm. Significant reduction in shear strength was observed when the joint contained a layer of clay infill of 1·5 mm. Bolting contributed to increasing the strength and stiffness of the joint composite, except at large normal stress levels and at high infill thickness. The dilation and overall friction angle for bolted and non-bolted joints were also compared along with stress profiles. At high infill thickness, the shear behaviour under both constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions was found to be...
{"title":"Behaviour of joints containing clay infill under constant normal stiffness, with and without bolting","authors":"B. Indraratna, N. Aziz, A. Dey","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.259","url":null,"abstract":"The shear behaviour of bolted and non-bolted joints containing infill material was studied under the constant normal stiffness condition. More than 40 sawtooth-shaped samples having an asperity angle of 18·5° were tested. The shear behaviour of bolted and non-bolted joints containing infill material, up to 7·5 mm in thickness, was studied under various initial normal stress levels between 0·13 and 3·25 MPa, at a constant strain rate of 0·5 mm/min and a constant stiffness of 8·5 kN/mm. Significant reduction in shear strength was observed when the joint contained a layer of clay infill of 1·5 mm. Bolting contributed to increasing the strength and stiffness of the joint composite, except at large normal stress levels and at high infill thickness. The dilation and overall friction angle for bolted and non-bolted joints were also compared along with stress profiles. At high infill thickness, the shear behaviour under both constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions was found to be...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.249
M. Stewart, M. Tsakiri
Dam monitoring relies on the long-term measurement of small structural changes at regular intervals. Traditional surveying techniques and geotechnical instrumentation can effectively monitor one- or two-dimensional modes of motion. However, spatial distribution of geotechnical instrumentation is usually limited to the locations that the instruments can be installed during dam construction, while surface monitoring by traditional surveying techniques is a relatively slow process which restricts the number of points that can be regularly monitored. As a supplement to existing geotechnical instrumentation, the Global Positioning System (GPS) offers a reliable and efficient method for three-dimensional monitoring. To date, GPS technology has been successfully applied to a variety of deformation monitoring applications. This is due to its ease of use, and capability of very high accuracy when the appropriate hardware, software and field procedures are implemented. This paper reviews current GPS technology in t...
{"title":"The status of the global positioning system for dam surface monitoring","authors":"M. Stewart, M. Tsakiri","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.249","url":null,"abstract":"Dam monitoring relies on the long-term measurement of small structural changes at regular intervals. Traditional surveying techniques and geotechnical instrumentation can effectively monitor one- or two-dimensional modes of motion. However, spatial distribution of geotechnical instrumentation is usually limited to the locations that the instruments can be installed during dam construction, while surface monitoring by traditional surveying techniques is a relatively slow process which restricts the number of points that can be regularly monitored. As a supplement to existing geotechnical instrumentation, the Global Positioning System (GPS) offers a reliable and efficient method for three-dimensional monitoring. To date, GPS technology has been successfully applied to a variety of deformation monitoring applications. This is due to its ease of use, and capability of very high accuracy when the appropriate hardware, software and field procedures are implemented. This paper reviews current GPS technology in t...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-16DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.253
S. Catney, R. Lynch
This paper investigates the feasibility of using air trapped in the pores of soil to reduce soil permeability and hence form a barrier to groundwater flow. The laboratory experiments carried out investigated: (a) how to inject air into the soil in such a way that contaminated water is discouraged from entering the air-injected (sparged) region; (b) what factors affect the airflow; and (c) whether the sparged region can deflect a plume of contaminant. It was found that this application of air sparging can be used to form a barrier to groundwater flow in laboratory scale experiments.
{"title":"Experimental investigations of air sparging to control contaminated groundwater","authors":"S. Catney, R. Lynch","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.253","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the feasibility of using air trapped in the pores of soil to reduce soil permeability and hence form a barrier to groundwater flow. The laboratory experiments carried out investigated: (a) how to inject air into the soil in such a way that contaminated water is discouraged from entering the air-injected (sparged) region; (b) what factors affect the airflow; and (c) whether the sparged region can deflect a plume of contaminant. It was found that this application of air sparging can be used to form a barrier to groundwater flow in laboratory scale experiments.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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