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Investigation of corroded stainless steel reinforcing elements in spent oil shale backfill 废油页岩充填体中锈蚀不锈钢加固元件的研究
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.35
M. Winter, A. Butler, K. Brady, W. A. Stewart
Excavations for a new service installation in Lindsay Road, Edinburgh, revealed that the ferritic stainless steel reinforcements of the supporting reinforced earth retaining wall were, in parts, severely corroded. This paper presents the findings of an investigation into the cause of the deterioration of the wall. The results of chemical tests undertaken on the backfill indicate that the material was most likely unsuitable for the construction of reinforced earth structures with any of the types of metallic, reinforcement that are, or have been, commonly used. Ferritic stainless steels are now generally considered to be unsuitable for use in reinforced earth structures regardless of backfill type. Indeed, the use of the materials for reinforcements ceased within a few years of the construction of the wall at Lindsay Road. Surveys of the alignments of the wall have also been conducted. The surveys of the wall indicated that there was no measurable movement prior to demolition.
爱丁堡林赛路(Lindsay Road)一处新服务设施的挖掘发现,支撑加筋土挡土墙的铁素体不锈钢加固部分已经严重腐蚀。这篇文章介绍了对墙退化原因的调查结果。对回填土进行的化学试验结果表明,这种材料很可能不适合用目前或过去常用的任何一种金属加固材料建造加筋土结构。铁素体不锈钢目前普遍认为不适合用于加筋土结构,无论回填类型如何。事实上,在林赛路修建城墙的几年内,这些材料的使用就停止了。对城墙的排列也进行了调查。对这堵墙的调查表明,在拆除之前没有可测量的移动。
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引用次数: 1
Finite-element analysis of a compensation grouting field trial in soft clay 软粘土补偿注浆现场试验的有限元分析
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.47
T. Addenbrooke, J. Ong, D. Potts
This paper presents the details of, and results from, finite-element modelling of a monitored field trial of compensation grouting in Singapore Marine Clay. The numerical results are compared with ...
本文介绍了新加坡海相粘土补偿灌浆现场监测试验的有限元模拟细节和结果。数值结果与…
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引用次数: 9
Some observations on the influence of recent climate change on the subsidence of shallow foundations 近期气候变化对浅基础沉降影响的一些观测
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.23
R. Pugh
Since the introduction by UK insurers of cover for subsidence of the foundations to domestic properties in the early 1970s there has been a considerable rise in both the number of subsidence claims per annum and in the occurrence of claims surges related to clay shrinkage and periods of dry weather. The cost to date of the associated remedial works to shallow foundations runs to billions of pounds. The incidence of subsidence claims and claims surges over the previous three decades has been reviewed in relation to rainfall data from which it is concluded that both phenomena are closely linked to both rainfall deficits and to climate change. It is further concluded, on the basis of the historical data, that surges in subsidence claims can occur with little or no warning, irrespective of the antecedent soil moisture conditions. If current climate changes continue, the pattern of subsidence claims and surges is likely to continue. Whether or not recent events represent permanent climate change or normal vari...
自从英国保险公司在20世纪70年代早期为国内财产的地基沉降提供保险以来,每年的沉降索赔数量以及与粘土收缩和干旱天气有关的索赔激增的发生都有相当大的增长。迄今为止,浅地基的相关补救工作的费用高达数十亿英镑。在过去的三十年中,沉降索赔和索赔激增的发生率已经与降雨数据进行了审查,由此得出结论,这两种现象都与降雨不足和气候变化密切相关。在历史数据的基础上进一步得出结论,无论先前的土壤湿度条件如何,沉降索赔的激增可能在很少或没有预警的情况下发生。如果目前的气候变化继续下去,下沉索赔和激增的模式可能会继续下去。不管最近的事件代表的是永久的气候变化还是正常的变化……
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引用次数: 10
Design of a large soil retaining structure with pressuremeter analysis 大型挡土结构设计与压力分析
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.71
J. Monnet, D. Allagnat
The A49 motorway runs along the Isere river near Teche, between Grenoble and Valence, in France, and a large retaining wall was needed there. This structure is an anchored wall, and its design was made with the help of pressuremeter measurements. The pressuremeter tests were carried out with a lantern probe, which was pushed into the soil by dynamic driving. A new pressuremeter theory was used to determine the internal angle of friction of the gravels. The results allowed the best adjustment of the wall to the geotechnical environment. The A49 motorway has been used since 1991 without trouble.
A49高速公路沿着法国格勒诺布尔和瓦朗斯之间的特谢附近的伊泽尔河行驶,在那里需要一个大型挡土墙。这种结构是一种锚定墙,它的设计是在压力计测量的帮助下进行的。压力计试验采用灯笼式探头,通过动力驱动将其推入土中。采用一种新的压力计理论来确定砾石的内摩擦角。研究结果使墙体能够根据岩土环境进行最佳调整。A49高速公路自1991年以来一直畅通无阻。
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引用次数: 8
THE OBSERVATIONAL METHOD - LEARNING FROM PROJECTS 观察法——从项目中学习
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2002.155.1.59
A. Powderham
Simplicity is at the heart of the observational method. Its basis is straightforward and it is an inherently natural approach to address uncertainty. The focus on prediction, monitoring, feedback, ...
简单性是观察方法的核心。它的基础很简单,是解决不确定性的自然方法。专注于预测、监控、反馈……
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引用次数: 33
Geotechnical engineering and building research: the early days of soil mechanics at BRS-Part 2, 1935-1944 岩土工程与建筑研究:brs的早期土力学——第2部分,1935-1944
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.217
A. Penman
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引用次数: 1
RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES IN SINGAPORE 新加坡降雨引发的山体滑坡
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.149.4.211.48654
D. Toll
Minor, shallow landslides have occurred frequently on the island of Singapore. However, very few major landslides (greater than 10 m in height) have occurred. Slope failures in the sedimentary Jurong and granitic Bukit Timah formations have occurred largely on slopes with angles greater than or equal to 27 degrees. It is clear that rainfall has been the dominant triggering event for landslides in Singapore. Observations of past landslide events suggest that a total rainfall of 100 mm within a six-day period is sufficient for minor landslides to take place. The equivalent condition for major landslides would appear to be 320 mm within 16 days but this is based on very limited data. (A)
新加坡岛上经常发生轻微的浅层滑坡。然而,很少有大型山体滑坡(高度超过10米)发生。沉积裕廊组和花岗质武吉知马组的边坡破坏主要发生在坡度大于或等于27度的斜坡上。很明显,降雨是新加坡山体滑坡的主要触发因素。对过去滑坡事件的观测表明,6天内的总降雨量为100毫米,足以发生小型滑坡。大型滑坡的等效条件似乎是16天内320毫米,但这是基于非常有限的数据。(一)
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引用次数: 37
Behaviour of joints containing clay infill under constant normal stiffness, with and without bolting 含粘土填充物的节点在固定法向刚度下的行为,有和没有螺栓
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.259
B. Indraratna, N. Aziz, A. Dey
The shear behaviour of bolted and non-bolted joints containing infill material was studied under the constant normal stiffness condition. More than 40 sawtooth-shaped samples having an asperity angle of 18·5° were tested. The shear behaviour of bolted and non-bolted joints containing infill material, up to 7·5 mm in thickness, was studied under various initial normal stress levels between 0·13 and 3·25 MPa, at a constant strain rate of 0·5 mm/min and a constant stiffness of 8·5 kN/mm. Significant reduction in shear strength was observed when the joint contained a layer of clay infill of 1·5 mm. Bolting contributed to increasing the strength and stiffness of the joint composite, except at large normal stress levels and at high infill thickness. The dilation and overall friction angle for bolted and non-bolted joints were also compared along with stress profiles. At high infill thickness, the shear behaviour under both constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions was found to be...
研究了含填充物的螺栓连接和非螺栓连接在恒刚度条件下的抗剪性能。测试了40多个锯齿形试样,其粗糙角为18.5°。在恒定应变速率为0.5 mm/min、恒定刚度为8.5 kN/mm的初始法向应力水平为0.13 ~ 3.25 MPa的情况下,研究了厚度达7.5 mm的螺栓连接和非螺栓连接的剪切行为。当节理中充填1·5 mm的粘土层时,节理抗剪强度显著降低。螺栓连接有助于提高接头复合材料的强度和刚度,但在大的正常应力水平和高填充厚度时除外。比较了螺栓连接和非螺栓连接的膨胀角和总摩擦角以及应力分布。在高填土厚度条件下,等法向载荷和等法向刚度条件下的剪切性能都是相同的。
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引用次数: 12
The status of the global positioning system for dam surface monitoring 大坝地表监测全球定位系统的现状
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.249
M. Stewart, M. Tsakiri
Dam monitoring relies on the long-term measurement of small structural changes at regular intervals. Traditional surveying techniques and geotechnical instrumentation can effectively monitor one- or two-dimensional modes of motion. However, spatial distribution of geotechnical instrumentation is usually limited to the locations that the instruments can be installed during dam construction, while surface monitoring by traditional surveying techniques is a relatively slow process which restricts the number of points that can be regularly monitored. As a supplement to existing geotechnical instrumentation, the Global Positioning System (GPS) offers a reliable and efficient method for three-dimensional monitoring. To date, GPS technology has been successfully applied to a variety of deformation monitoring applications. This is due to its ease of use, and capability of very high accuracy when the appropriate hardware, software and field procedures are implemented. This paper reviews current GPS technology in t...
大坝监测依赖于定期对微小结构变化的长期测量。传统的测量技术和岩土工程仪器可以有效地监测一维或二维运动模式。然而,岩土工程仪器的空间分布通常局限于大坝建设过程中可以安装仪器的位置,而传统测量技术的地面监测是一个相对缓慢的过程,限制了可以定期监测的点的数量。全球定位系统(GPS)作为现有岩土工程仪器的补充,为三维监测提供了一种可靠、高效的方法。迄今为止,GPS技术已成功应用于各种变形监测应用。这是由于它易于使用,并且在实施适当的硬件,软件和现场程序时具有非常高的精度。本文综述了当前GPS技术的发展现状。
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引用次数: 3
Experimental investigations of air sparging to control contaminated groundwater 空气喷射控制地下水污染的实验研究
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2001-09-16 DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.4.253
S. Catney, R. Lynch
This paper investigates the feasibility of using air trapped in the pores of soil to reduce soil permeability and hence form a barrier to groundwater flow. The laboratory experiments carried out investigated: (a) how to inject air into the soil in such a way that contaminated water is discouraged from entering the air-injected (sparged) region; (b) what factors affect the airflow; and (c) whether the sparged region can deflect a plume of contaminant. It was found that this application of air sparging can be used to form a barrier to groundwater flow in laboratory scale experiments.
本文探讨了利用土壤孔隙中的空气来降低土壤渗透性,从而形成地下水流动屏障的可行性。所进行的实验室实验研究:(a)如何向土壤中注入空气,使受污染的水不能进入注入(喷射)空气的区域;(b)影响气流的因素;(三)喷溅的区域是否能使污染物的羽流偏转。在实验室规模的实验中发现,空气喷射的这种应用可以用来形成地下水流动的屏障。
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引用次数: 4
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Geotechnical Engineering
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