Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.135
A. Penman
An essay on the foremost British government soil mechanics laboratory from earliest times to 1957.
从早期到1957年，英国政府最重要的土壤力学实验室。
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Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.145
J. Charles, H. D. Skinner
The current emphasis on locating building developments on brownfield sites, many of which contain substantial depths of fill, means that the behaviour of fills which support the foundations of buildings is of increasing importance. This paper is concerned with the one-dimensional compression behaviour of these foundation fills. Shallow foundations normally rest on partially saturated ground where the major hazard is associated with settlement due to effects other than structural loading. Consequently consideration is given not only to compression induced by an increase in applied stress, but also to compression consequent on an increase in compressibility associated with an increase in moisture content. A programme of laboratory oedometer tests has been carried out on colliery spoil, an opencast mining mudstone backfill, and a boulder clay fill. The test results have given an improved understanding of fill behaviour in one-dimensional compression and, in particular, the effects of partial saturation on th...
{"title":"Compressibility of foundation fills","authors":"J. Charles, H. D. Skinner","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.145","url":null,"abstract":"The current emphasis on locating building developments on brownfield sites, many of which contain substantial depths of fill, means that the behaviour of fills which support the foundations of buildings is of increasing importance. This paper is concerned with the one-dimensional compression behaviour of these foundation fills. Shallow foundations normally rest on partially saturated ground where the major hazard is associated with settlement due to effects other than structural loading. Consequently consideration is given not only to compression induced by an increase in applied stress, but also to compression consequent on an increase in compressibility associated with an increase in moisture content. A programme of laboratory oedometer tests has been carried out on colliery spoil, an opencast mining mudstone backfill, and a boulder clay fill. The test results have given an improved understanding of fill behaviour in one-dimensional compression and, in particular, the effects of partial saturation on th...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.189
S. Wilson, N. Langdon, P. Walden
The development of brownfield sites often requires foundation concrete to be placed in contact with soils contaminated with hydrocarbons. There is a common perception that the hydrocarbons affect the setting and hardening of the concrete, giving a reduced long-term strength. There is however limited quantitative data to support this view. Laboratory testing of concrete cubes cured in various hydrocarbon compounds has been undertaken. The results indicate that hydrocarbons do reduce the long-term strength gain of concrete by up to 25%. This can be allowed for in design, thus avoiding the need for expensive sleeving or surface protection systems. Available evidence suggests that the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on hardened concrete, which has achieved its design strength, are of limited concern. Creosote, however, can affect hardened concrete that has achieved its design strength. Where hardened concrete is likely to come into contact with creosote derived contamination then again a reduction in long-t...
{"title":"The effects of hydrocarbon contamination on concrete strength","authors":"S. Wilson, N. Langdon, P. Walden","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.189","url":null,"abstract":"The development of brownfield sites often requires foundation concrete to be placed in contact with soils contaminated with hydrocarbons. There is a common perception that the hydrocarbons affect the setting and hardening of the concrete, giving a reduced long-term strength. There is however limited quantitative data to support this view. Laboratory testing of concrete cubes cured in various hydrocarbon compounds has been undertaken. The results indicate that hydrocarbons do reduce the long-term strength gain of concrete by up to 25%. This can be allowed for in design, thus avoiding the need for expensive sleeving or surface protection systems. Available evidence suggests that the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on hardened concrete, which has achieved its design strength, are of limited concern. Creosote, however, can affect hardened concrete that has achieved its design strength. Where hardened concrete is likely to come into contact with creosote derived contamination then again a reduction in long-t...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.149.3.159.46905
M. Dyer, M. Zutphen, R. Hetterschijt
This paper presents findings fromthe back-analysis of a pump-and-treat operation for a site polluted with trichloroethylene (TCE).The groundwater extraction system had been installed to remove the historic spillage from a housing estate in the southern Dutch City of Tilburg.The spillage originated from a textile factory formerly located at the site.Over a period of seven years, continuous pumping of groundwater had failed to reduce significantly the annual extraction of TCE. As a result, the City of Tilburg was faced with ongoing remediation costs combined with concern over the full extent of pollution at the site and the long-term commitment for groundwater pumping. Between 1989 and 1996, the pump-and-treat system extracted approximately 4400 kg of TCE, with 570 kg of TCE being extracted in aqueous solution alone in 1996. Stagnation of the pump-and-treat operation led the municipal authorities of Tilburg to commission a feasibility project that would interpret the seven years of groundwatermonitoring dat...
{"title":"Improved site characterisation of contaminated land using pump-and-treat data","authors":"M. Dyer, M. Zutphen, R. Hetterschijt","doi":"10.1680/GENG.149.3.159.46905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.149.3.159.46905","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents findings fromthe back-analysis of a pump-and-treat operation for a site polluted with trichloroethylene (TCE).The groundwater extraction system had been installed to remove the historic spillage from a housing estate in the southern Dutch City of Tilburg.The spillage originated from a textile factory formerly located at the site.Over a period of seven years, continuous pumping of groundwater had failed to reduce significantly the annual extraction of TCE. As a result, the City of Tilburg was faced with ongoing remediation costs combined with concern over the full extent of pollution at the site and the long-term commitment for groundwater pumping. Between 1989 and 1996, the pump-and-treat system extracted approximately 4400 kg of TCE, with 570 kg of TCE being extracted in aqueous solution alone in 1996. Stagnation of the pump-and-treat operation led the municipal authorities of Tilburg to commission a feasibility project that would interpret the seven years of groundwatermonitoring dat...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67400787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.167
R. Day
There are many methods for the analysis and design of embedded cantilever retaining walls. They involve various different simplifications of the pressure distribution to allow calculation of the limiting equilibrium retained height and the bending moment when the retained height is less than the limiting equilibrium value, i.e. the serviceability case. Recently, a new method for determining the serviceability earth pressure and bending moment has been proposed. This method makes an assumption defining the point of zero net pressure. This assumption implies that the passive pressure is not fully mobilised immediately below the excavation level. The finite element analyses presented in this paper examine the net pressure distribution on walls in which the retained height is less, than the limiting equilibrium value. The study shows that for all practical walls, the earth pressure distributions on the front and back of the wall are at their limit values, Kp and K-a respectively, when the lumped factor of safety F-r is less than or equal to2.0. A rectilinear net pressure distribution is proposed that is intuitively logical. It produces good predictions of the complete bending moment diagram for walls in the service configuration and the proposed method gives results that have excellent agreement with centrifuge model tests. The study shows that the method for determining the serviceability bending moment suggested by Padfield and Mair(1) in the CIRIA Report 104 gives excellent predictions of the maximum bending moment in practical cantilever walls. It provides the missing data that have been needed to verify and justify the CIRIA 104 method.
{"title":"Earth pressure on cantilever walls at design retained heights","authors":"R. Day","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.167","url":null,"abstract":"There are many methods for the analysis and design of embedded cantilever retaining walls. They involve various different simplifications of the pressure distribution to allow calculation of the limiting equilibrium retained height and the bending moment when the retained height is less than the limiting equilibrium value, i.e. the serviceability case. Recently, a new method for determining the serviceability earth pressure and bending moment has been proposed. This method makes an assumption defining the point of zero net pressure. This assumption implies that the passive pressure is not fully mobilised immediately below the excavation level. The finite element analyses presented in this paper examine the net pressure distribution on walls in which the retained height is less, than the limiting equilibrium value. The study shows that for all practical walls, the earth pressure distributions on the front and back of the wall are at their limit values, Kp and K-a respectively, when the lumped factor of safety F-r is less than or equal to2.0. A rectilinear net pressure distribution is proposed that is intuitively logical. It produces good predictions of the complete bending moment diagram for walls in the service configuration and the proposed method gives results that have excellent agreement with centrifuge model tests. The study shows that the method for determining the serviceability bending moment suggested by Padfield and Mair(1) in the CIRIA Report 104 gives excellent predictions of the maximum bending moment in practical cantilever walls. It provides the missing data that have been needed to verify and justify the CIRIA 104 method.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.3.167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.75
M. Preene, F. C. Brassington
The abstraction of groundwater for beneficial use or supply in England and Wales is restricted by law. The relevant legislation is currently the Water Resources Act 1991, but the Government has recently announced that new legislation is forthcoming. This paper outlines the licensing system currently in place and goes on to explain the proposed changes to legislation controlling dewatering works. It emphasises that in future it will be essential to keep the Environment Agency suitably informed of groundwater abstractions for whatever purpose and to comply with the new regulations, as failure to do so may well result in prosecution.
{"title":"Environmental regulation of groundwater abstraction for dewatering works","authors":"M. Preene, F. C. Brassington","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"The abstraction of groundwater for beneficial use or supply in England and Wales is restricted by law. The relevant legislation is currently the Water Resources Act 1991, but the Government has recently announced that new legislation is forthcoming. This paper outlines the licensing system currently in place and goes on to explain the proposed changes to legislation controlling dewatering works. It emphasises that in future it will be essential to keep the Environment Agency suitably informed of groundwater abstractions for whatever purpose and to comply with the new regulations, as failure to do so may well result in prosecution.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.71
R. Peck
This paper describes three examples—the Chicago Subway, the Cleveland Ore Yard and the Newport News Shipway—where quite simple field observations led to substantial improvements. These projects wer...
{"title":"The observational method can be simple","authors":"R. Peck","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes three examples—the Chicago Subway, the Cleveland Ore Yard and the Newport News Shipway—where quite simple field observations led to substantial improvements. These projects wer...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.115
T. Newson, M. Fahey
Large volumes of tailings are produced annually by the gold mining industry of Western Australia (WA). This material is hydraulically discharged into large storage facilities using sub-aerial depos...
{"title":"Site investigation of soft tailings deposits using a hovercraft","authors":"T. Newson, M. Fahey","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.115","url":null,"abstract":"Large volumes of tailings are produced annually by the gold mining industry of Western Australia (WA). This material is hydraulically discharged into large storage facilities using sub-aerial depos...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.2.115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.149.1.3.39309
C. Clayton
Ground-related factors have often been the cause of significant time and cost overruns on both large and small construction projects. The traditional method of controlling such risks has been through the use of thorough ground investigation and competent geotechnical design, aiming to produce a robust scheme, well-matched to the expected ground conditions. This paper reanalyses data collected over the past two decades and suggests that, particularly in view of rapidly evolving methods of construction procurement, a new risk-based approach is needed. Key elements of this approach are outlined.
{"title":"Managing geotechnical risk: time for change?","authors":"C. Clayton","doi":"10.1680/GENG.149.1.3.39309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.149.1.3.39309","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-related factors have often been the cause of significant time and cost overruns on both large and small construction projects. The traditional method of controlling such risks has been through the use of thorough ground investigation and competent geotechnical design, aiming to produce a robust scheme, well-matched to the expected ground conditions. This paper reanalyses data collected over the past two decades and suggests that, particularly in view of rapidly evolving methods of construction procurement, a new risk-based approach is needed. Key elements of this approach are outlined.","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67400782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1680/GENG.2001.149.1.13
T. O'rourke, H. E. Stewart, Sang-Soo Jeon
The general principles of lifeline engineering are discussed and applications are illustrated with reference to pipeline networks. Key research findings are summarised regarding the effects of util...
讨论了生命线工程的一般原理，并以管网为例说明了其应用。主要研究结果总结了util的影响…
{"title":"Geotechnical aspects of lifeline engineering","authors":"T. O'rourke, H. E. Stewart, Sang-Soo Jeon","doi":"10.1680/GENG.2001.149.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The general principles of lifeline engineering are discussed and applications are illustrated with reference to pipeline networks. Key research findings are summarised regarding the effects of util...","PeriodicalId":45150,"journal":{"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1680/GENG.2001.149.1.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67401440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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