Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1215/15525864-10256169
GG Fard
This article examines whether academic representations of LGBTQ Iranians have increased over time and whether they have had harmful or beneficial ethical impacts. The article defines measures of “harm” and “benefit” by drawing on and adding to Canada’s Tri-Council Policy Statement on Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans. Such measures are then used to survey scholarship produced about LGBTQ Iranians. Results show that scholarly interest in “LGBTQ Iran” has increased from 2001 on. The article demonstrates the complexity of balancing ethical measures in research and argues that the benefits of representing marginalized groups may not always outweigh their related harms. Ultimately, a methodology of “productive disengagement” is advanced for researchers who seek to forego representation rather than pursue it.
{"title":"Productive Disengagement","authors":"GG Fard","doi":"10.1215/15525864-10256169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15525864-10256169","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines whether academic representations of LGBTQ Iranians have increased over time and whether they have had harmful or beneficial ethical impacts. The article defines measures of “harm” and “benefit” by drawing on and adding to Canada’s Tri-Council Policy Statement on Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans. Such measures are then used to survey scholarship produced about LGBTQ Iranians. Results show that scholarly interest in “LGBTQ Iran” has increased from 2001 on. The article demonstrates the complexity of balancing ethical measures in research and argues that the benefits of representing marginalized groups may not always outweigh their related harms. Ultimately, a methodology of “productive disengagement” is advanced for researchers who seek to forego representation rather than pursue it.","PeriodicalId":45155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Middle East Womens Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42503384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1215/15525864-10022132
M. Alipour
ABSTRACT:Muslim jurists have issued several fatwas (Islamic legal opinions) permitting gender-confirming surgery (GCS) for various groups of intersex and/or transgender people. However, these fatwas have been critiqued for conceiving of intersex and transgender individuals as diseased people who need treatment for an illness. By closely examining the legalhermeneutical arguments behind four widely cited fatwas on GCS—the fatwas of the Islamic Fiqh Council of the Muslim World League, the National Council of Islamic Religious Affairs, Shaykh Ṭanṭāwī, and Ayatollah Khomeini—this article argues that although the objection to the medicalization of the recipients of GCS in such fatwas is mostly correct, it is not always accurate, as it is not the case in Khomeini’s fatwa. The present study, based on the legal-hermeneutical reasoning established in modern Shiʿi juristic scholarship, proposes a discursive space within Khomeini’s fatwa that suggests that intersex and transgender individuals are not people who suffer from physical or mental illness, although they should be permitted to undergo GCS if they wish.
{"title":"The Nexus between Gender-Confirming Surgery and Illness: Legal-Hermeneutical Examinations of Four Islamic Fatwas","authors":"M. Alipour","doi":"10.1215/15525864-10022132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15525864-10022132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Muslim jurists have issued several fatwas (Islamic legal opinions) permitting gender-confirming surgery (GCS) for various groups of intersex and/or transgender people. However, these fatwas have been critiqued for conceiving of intersex and transgender individuals as diseased people who need treatment for an illness. By closely examining the legalhermeneutical arguments behind four widely cited fatwas on GCS—the fatwas of the Islamic Fiqh Council of the Muslim World League, the National Council of Islamic Religious Affairs, Shaykh Ṭanṭāwī, and Ayatollah Khomeini—this article argues that although the objection to the medicalization of the recipients of GCS in such fatwas is mostly correct, it is not always accurate, as it is not the case in Khomeini’s fatwa. The present study, based on the legal-hermeneutical reasoning established in modern Shiʿi juristic scholarship, proposes a discursive space within Khomeini’s fatwa that suggests that intersex and transgender individuals are not people who suffer from physical or mental illness, although they should be permitted to undergo GCS if they wish.","PeriodicalId":45155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Middle East Womens Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"359 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43277232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1215/15525864-10022146
Joan Peterson
When Najla Abillama published the first issue of al-Fajr (The Dawn) in Beirut in January 1919, hope infused articles that looked forward to the future of the homeland and its daughters. Key to that future was the home. Using postcolonial literary theory, Stephen Greenblatt’s notion of self-fashioning, and Nan Enstad’s definition of political subjects, this article analyzes a fictional correspondence between Salma and her daughter Mary, published in al-Fajr from late 1919 through 1920. The article argues that these letters marshal the discourse of domesticity—women as educated managers of their homes, children, and husbands—to articulate women’s roles in public, national life. Thus the mother-daughter and husband-wife relationships highlighted in the correspondence fashion women as citizens patriotically devoted to and shaped by the nation, partnered with their fellow citizens for its improvement. This analysis provides a model for reexamining the relationship between the domestic and the national in the interwar women’s press.
{"title":"Fashioning Women Citizens in al-Fajr","authors":"Joan Peterson","doi":"10.1215/15525864-10022146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15525864-10022146","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When Najla Abillama published the first issue of al-Fajr (The Dawn) in Beirut in January 1919, hope infused articles that looked forward to the future of the homeland and its daughters. Key to that future was the home. Using postcolonial literary theory, Stephen Greenblatt’s notion of self-fashioning, and Nan Enstad’s definition of political subjects, this article analyzes a fictional correspondence between Salma and her daughter Mary, published in al-Fajr from late 1919 through 1920. The article argues that these letters marshal the discourse of domesticity—women as educated managers of their homes, children, and husbands—to articulate women’s roles in public, national life. Thus the mother-daughter and husband-wife relationships highlighted in the correspondence fashion women as citizens patriotically devoted to and shaped by the nation, partnered with their fellow citizens for its improvement. This analysis provides a model for reexamining the relationship between the domestic and the national in the interwar women’s press.","PeriodicalId":45155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Middle East Womens Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49522148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1215/15525864-10022188
L. Sorbera, B. Shehab
he tension between theory and practice, between knowing and doing, and between political philosophy and policy making is at the core of the intellectual debate among critical social scientists and political activists, generating questions of methodology, epistemology, ontology, ethics
{"title":"From the New Editorial Team of “Third Space”","authors":"L. Sorbera, B. Shehab","doi":"10.1215/15525864-10022188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15525864-10022188","url":null,"abstract":"he tension between theory and practice, between knowing and doing, and between political philosophy and policy making is at the core of the intellectual debate among critical social scientists and political activists, generating questions of methodology, epistemology, ontology, ethics","PeriodicalId":45155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Middle East Womens Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"419 - 422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41474671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1215/15525864-10022230
Yasmine Allam
{"title":"<i>Aaru</i>","authors":"Yasmine Allam","doi":"10.1215/15525864-10022230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15525864-10022230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Middle East Womens Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41981584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1215/15525864-10022202
Zehra Doğan
{"title":"Cover Art Concept","authors":"Zehra Doğan","doi":"10.1215/15525864-10022202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15525864-10022202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Middle East Womens Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"423 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49598354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1215/15525864-10022118
Ozum Yesiltas
This study critically analyzes representations of Kurdish women fighters in US mainstream media from January 2014 to December 2018. The article argues that the narrative articulated through the presentation of Kurdish women in the US media as “badass” soldiers fighting against the violence and extremism of the Islamic State serves to eschew a deeper understanding of their political and ideological motivations. Although they do not fit into the stereotypical category of oppressed Muslim women in need of saving, Kurdish women too are the subject of misrepresentation in US media in ways similar to the monolithic and essentialized representations of Afghan women in the post-9/11 era or Iranian women following the 1979 Iranian Revolution. The present work questions why this misrepresentation takes place and what renders the representation of Kurdish women Orientalist despite its differences from the previous discursive constitutions of Muslim women in US media.
{"title":"Understanding Rojava","authors":"Ozum Yesiltas","doi":"10.1215/15525864-10022118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15525864-10022118","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study critically analyzes representations of Kurdish women fighters in US mainstream media from January 2014 to December 2018. The article argues that the narrative articulated through the presentation of Kurdish women in the US media as “badass” soldiers fighting against the violence and extremism of the Islamic State serves to eschew a deeper understanding of their political and ideological motivations. Although they do not fit into the stereotypical category of oppressed Muslim women in need of saving, Kurdish women too are the subject of misrepresentation in US media in ways similar to the monolithic and essentialized representations of Afghan women in the post-9/11 era or Iranian women following the 1979 Iranian Revolution. The present work questions why this misrepresentation takes place and what renders the representation of Kurdish women Orientalist despite its differences from the previous discursive constitutions of Muslim women in US media.","PeriodicalId":45155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Middle East Womens Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48272132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1215/15525864-10022216
M. Bellingreri
{"title":"Tarkib’s Contemporary Arts Festival in Baghdad","authors":"M. Bellingreri","doi":"10.1215/15525864-10022216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15525864-10022216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Middle East Womens Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42343899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1215/15525864-10022174
Z. Fuleihan
{"title":"Arab American Women: Representation and Refusal","authors":"Z. Fuleihan","doi":"10.1215/15525864-10022174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15525864-10022174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Middle East Womens Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45789528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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