{"title":"Grammaticalization of Portuguese Definite Article and its difference between European and Brazilian Portuguese","authors":"Sungyoung Lee","doi":"10.20865/20209005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20865/20209005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45159,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics","volume":"7 1","pages":"107-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73102320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study of Interlanguage phonology by advanced Swedish learners of Korean","authors":"E. Yoon","doi":"10.20865/20209004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20865/20209004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45159,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics","volume":"116 1","pages":"77-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79256981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The notion of mind-body unity seen in the ‘pseudo-somatization idiom’and its communicative function and cultural specificity","authors":"Songchol Park","doi":"10.20865/20209002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20865/20209002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45159,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics","volume":"41 1","pages":"15-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88295970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review of the Changes in the Quantitative Structures in the Chinese Language and the Korean Language","authors":"D. Ha","doi":"10.20865/20209006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20865/20209006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45159,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics","volume":"19 1","pages":"127-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78093310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to test the applicability of Tone Three Sandhi (T3S) when the critical syllable is a monosyllabic topic preceding a topic boundary. A recitation task from 37 native speakers of Taiwan Mandarin was employed. The results from human judgements indicated that the participants predominantly produced the critical syllables with Tone 3 (T3). Additionally, the fundamental frequency of the critical syllables demonstrated a falling contour, showing that T3S was not applied. Intonation break-ups and the prolongation of the critical syllables lent strong support to the view that the topic syllable was at an intonation/phonological phrase-final position. The findings can be elegantly accommodated by constraint-based analyses, which propose that T3S must be avoided when two T3 syllables are separated by an intonation/phonological phrase boundary. Issues relating to pauses, speech rates and word frequency effects are also discussed.
{"title":"Testing the applicability of third tone sandhi at the intonation boundary","authors":"C. Liu, Li-Mei Chen","doi":"10.1075/lali.00073.liu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00073.liu","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The purpose of this study is to test the applicability of Tone Three Sandhi (T3S) when the critical syllable is a monosyllabic topic preceding a topic boundary. A recitation task from 37 native speakers of Taiwan Mandarin was employed. The results from human judgements indicated that the participants predominantly produced the critical syllables with Tone 3 (T3). Additionally, the fundamental frequency of the critical syllables demonstrated a falling contour, showing that T3S was not applied. Intonation break-ups and the prolongation of the critical syllables lent strong support to the view that the topic syllable was at an intonation/phonological phrase-final position. The findings can be elegantly accommodated by constraint-based analyses, which propose that T3S must be avoided when two T3 syllables are separated by an intonation/phonological phrase boundary. Issues relating to pauses, speech rates and word frequency effects are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":45159,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics","volume":"20 1","pages":"636-651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80541206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The authors identify a plural marker -ɕiɛ in Chengdu Chinese that can apply to both count and mass nouns, encoding plurality as well as definiteness. This post-nominal -ɕiɛ differs from the pre-nominal ɕiɛ, as the latter is purely plural but not inherently definite. Our analysis shows that the pre-nominal ɕiɛ functions as a quantifier, which occupies the [Spec, NumP] position, whereas the suffixal -ɕiɛ, by virtue of being a plural marker, is base-generated in the Num0 position and move to D0 to encode both plurality and definiteness. Moreover, the two ɕiɛs can co-occur in one and the same nominal phrase, exhibiting the double definiteness effect. The syntactic analysis of ɕiɛ in Chengdu Chinese, coupled with the study of di in Cantonese, has theoretical impacts on nominal phrase structures, in particular, on “plurality” and “definiteness”. First, plural markers in classifier languages contrast with those in number languages, as the former, but not the latter, defies numerical modification. Second, definiteness can be expressed by a non-D element, which may check its [+def] feature either by undergoing an upward movement to D (or [Spec, DP]) or by agreeing with the [+def] feature of a demonstrative. Third, the DP-NP distinction is strongly supported by our account of Chengdu Chinese.
摘要:作者在成都汉语中发现了一个复数标记——_ i _，它既可以表示数词，也可以表示质量名词，既可以表示复数，也可以表示确定。这个后名词性的- _ i _不同于前名词性的_ i _，因为后者是纯粹的复数，而不是固有的确定。我们的分析表明，前名词性的词缀作为量词，占据了[Spec, NumP]的位置，而后缀-词缀由于是复数标记，在Num0位置上基本生成，并移动到D0以编码复数性和确定性。而且，这两个词可以同时出现在同一个名词性短语中，表现出双重确定性效应。成都汉语“音”的句法分析，结合广东话“字”的句法研究，对名义短语结构，特别是“复数”和“定”的句法结构产生了理论影响。首先，分类语言中的复数标记与数字语言中的复数标记形成了对比，因为前者而非后者无法进行数字修饰。第二，确定性可以用非D元素来表达，它可以通过向上移动到D(或[Spec, DP])或与指示性的[+def]特征相一致来检验它的[+def]特征。第三，我们对成都华人的描述有力地支持了DP-NP区分。
{"title":"Plurality and definiteness in Chengdu Chinese","authors":"J. Xiong, Chu-Ren Huang","doi":"10.1075/lali.00074.xio","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00074.xio","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors identify a plural marker -ɕiɛ in Chengdu Chinese that can apply to both count and mass nouns, encoding plurality as well as definiteness. This post-nominal -ɕiɛ differs from the pre-nominal ɕiɛ, as the latter is purely plural but not inherently definite. Our analysis shows that the pre-nominal ɕiɛ functions as a quantifier, which occupies the [Spec, NumP] position, whereas the suffixal -ɕiɛ, by virtue of being a plural marker, is base-generated in the Num0 position and move to D0 to encode both plurality and definiteness. Moreover, the two ɕiɛs can co-occur in one and the same nominal phrase, exhibiting the double definiteness effect. The syntactic analysis of ɕiɛ in Chengdu Chinese, coupled with the study of di in Cantonese, has theoretical impacts on nominal phrase structures, in particular, on “plurality” and “definiteness”. First, plural markers in classifier languages contrast with those in number languages, as the former, but not the latter, defies numerical modification. Second, definiteness can be expressed by a non-D element, which may check its [+def] feature either by undergoing an upward movement to D (or [Spec, DP]) or by agreeing with the [+def] feature of a demonstrative. Third, the DP-NP distinction is strongly supported by our account of Chengdu Chinese.","PeriodicalId":45159,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics","volume":"30 1","pages":"652-684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87107762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper explores the syntactic nature of Japanese Right Dislocation Constructions (RDCs) by illuminating the ellipsis sites in the postverbal domains of the constructions via pragmatic inference. Although the most prevailing bi-clausal analysis of RDCs adopts the perspective that the repetition of the antecedent clause occurs in collocation, this paper shows that the same surface strings are potentially ambiguous since right dislocation is a heterogeneous phenomenon. It proposes additional types of a bi-clausal structure and discusses evidence that suggests that even when the surface strings are the same the recovery of the ellipsis site is possibly derived in multiple ways through the use of distinct linguistic strategies.
{"title":"Structure and inference in Japanese right dislocation","authors":"Kaori Furuya","doi":"10.1075/lali.00070.fur","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00070.fur","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores the syntactic nature of Japanese Right Dislocation Constructions (RDCs) by illuminating the ellipsis sites in the postverbal domains of the constructions via pragmatic inference. Although the most prevailing bi-clausal analysis of RDCs adopts the perspective that the repetition of the antecedent clause occurs in collocation, this paper shows that the same surface strings are potentially ambiguous since right dislocation is a heterogeneous phenomenon. It proposes additional types of a bi-clausal structure and discusses evidence that suggests that even when the surface strings are the same the recovery of the ellipsis site is possibly derived in multiple ways through the use of distinct linguistic strategies.","PeriodicalId":45159,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics","volume":"18 1","pages":"557-580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87458874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to explore the grammaticalization of the postpositions -ey tayhay and -ey kwanhay. These two Korean postpositions are derived from verbs which are of Sino-Korean origin. Since they are derived from verbs, their meanings are transparent (V-adpositions, Heine 1997). Still, the postpositions allow the insertion of other morphemes at the end of their construction; thus, they are in the early grammaticalization stage and show the correlated changes suggested by Traugott (2013). The correlated principles and mechanisms captured in the two postpositions will be explained. By using a corpus, we will compare differences in frequency between the two postpositions as well. Also, English prepositions that have a relational meaning like the above mentioned Sino-Korean postpositions will be discussed to show the relationship between a source meaning and a target meaning.
{"title":"Grammaticalization of Topic-indicating Postpositions Tayhay and Kwanhay","authors":"H. Lee","doi":"10.20865/20208808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20865/20208808","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the grammaticalization of the postpositions -ey tayhay and -ey kwanhay. These two Korean postpositions are derived from verbs which are of Sino-Korean origin. Since they are derived from verbs, their meanings are transparent (V-adpositions, Heine 1997). Still, the postpositions allow the insertion of other morphemes at the end of their construction; thus, they are in the early grammaticalization stage and show the correlated changes suggested by Traugott (2013). The correlated principles and mechanisms captured in the two postpositions will be explained. By using a corpus, we will compare differences in frequency between the two postpositions as well. Also, English prepositions that have a relational meaning like the above mentioned Sino-Korean postpositions will be discussed to show the relationship between a source meaning and a target meaning.","PeriodicalId":45159,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics","volume":"204 1","pages":"181-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77613447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of this paper is to examine how listeners’ experience (the extent of exposure to the non-native accented speech or the familiarity with the non-native accent) influences the judgments of Non-native Korean Speech (NNKS), specifically Arabic-accented speech of Korean. Thirty-four native Korean language speakers were selected as listeners and were asked to rate Arabic-accented Korean speech of eight native Arabic speakers in terms of comprehensibility and accentedness. Half of the group was experienced with the Arabic language, and the other half was not, and only ten of them had experienced the Arabic language for a period of one year or more. As a result, the experienced group showed higher ratings in terms of comprehensibility, suggesting that the experience with non-native accent plays an important role in judging how easy to understand NNKS. The listeners showed significant differences in judging accentedness based on the length of their experience, in which the listeners with long experience showed higher sensitivity toward the degree of non-native accent. However, no significant difference was noticed in terms of comprehensibility or accentedness based on the listener’s cognition of his familiarity with Arabic-accented speech.
{"title":"The Effect of Listeners’ Experience on Comprehensibility and Accentedness of Non-native Korean Speech -Focus on Arabic-accented speech-","authors":"Esraa Hasan","doi":"10.20865/20208807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20865/20208807","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this paper is to examine how listeners’ experience (the extent of exposure to the non-native accented speech or the familiarity with the non-native accent) influences the judgments of Non-native Korean Speech (NNKS), specifically Arabic-accented speech of Korean. Thirty-four native Korean language speakers were selected as listeners and were asked to rate Arabic-accented Korean speech of eight native Arabic speakers in terms of comprehensibility and accentedness. Half of the group was experienced with the Arabic language, and the other half was not, and only ten of them had experienced the Arabic language for a period of one year or more. As a result, the experienced group showed higher ratings in terms of comprehensibility, suggesting that the experience with non-native accent plays an important role in judging how easy to understand NNKS. The listeners showed significant differences in judging accentedness based on the length of their experience, in which the listeners with long experience showed higher sensitivity toward the degree of non-native accent. However, no significant difference was noticed in terms of comprehensibility or accentedness based on the listener’s cognition of his familiarity with Arabic-accented speech.","PeriodicalId":45159,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"157-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89617964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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