Pub Date : 2023-11-11DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2023.2278498
Andrea N. Montes
AbstractThe study starts by examining descriptive differences between incarcerated Hispanic/Latino/Spanish subgroups. Then, using three measures of social ties as dependent variables, explores whether using Hispanic/Latino/Spanish subgroup categories, as compared to a single category, reveals otherwise obscured differences. Compared to other subgroups Mexicans had a higher percentage of males and married individuals, and a lower percentage of individuals who were previously arrested. Puerto Rican/other Caribbeans had a higher percentage who were 29 years or younger. Regression analyses (N = 5,967) showed that before incorporating controls, Mexican individuals, compared to White individuals, had a higher likelihood of receiving letters or making calls. Collectively, these results underscore the need for further understanding ethnic identity and how this identity is associated with criminological experiences and outcomes.Keywords: EthnicityHispanicjailLatinoprison AcknowledgmentsSpecial thanks to the incarcerated individuals who shared their insights and experiences through their participation in the National Inmate Survey. The author also thanks the Bureau of Justice Statistics and RTI International for their efforts to collect the data used for the study, and the team at Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research for their assistance accessing and using these data. She also thanks Dan Mears for his comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. An earlier draft of this paper’s findings were presented at the American Society of Criminology’s 2022 Annual Meeting and at a faculty-student colloquium at Arizona State University. Any errors are those of the author.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Notably, approximately 27% of the dropped individuals were Hispanic/Latino/Spanish. This limitation should be considered when interpreting the results.Additional informationNotes on contributorsAndrea N. MontesAndrea N. Montes, Ph.D., is an assistant professor at Arizona State University, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 411 North Central Avenue, Suite 600, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, email (andrea.montes@asu.edu). Her work has appeared in Justice Quarterly, Crime & Delinquency, Criminology & Public Policy, and Criminal Justice and Behavior. Her research focuses on theories of crime and punishment, incarceration experiences, privatization of corrections, and school policing and school safety.
摘要本研究首先考察了被监禁的西班牙裔/拉丁裔/西班牙裔亚群之间的描述性差异。然后，使用社会关系的三个措施作为因变量，探讨是否使用西班牙/拉丁美洲/西班牙的子群体类别，与单一类别相比，揭示了其他模糊的差异。与其他亚群体相比，墨西哥人男性和已婚人士的比例更高，以前被逮捕过的人的比例更低。波多黎各/其他加勒比人29岁或以下的比例较高。回归分析(N = 5,967)显示，与白人相比，在纳入对照组之前，墨西哥人收到信件或打电话的可能性更高。总的来说，这些结果强调了进一步了解种族身份以及这种身份如何与犯罪学经验和结果相关联的必要性。关键词:种族西班牙裔监狱监狱致谢特别感谢参与全国囚犯调查的在押人员分享他们的见解和经验。作者还感谢司法统计局和RTI International为收集研究数据所做的努力，以及大学间政治和社会研究联盟团队为获取和使用这些数据提供的帮助。她还感谢Dan Mears对这份手稿早期草稿的评论。这篇论文的早期草稿在美国犯罪学学会2022年年会上和亚利桑那州立大学的一次师生研讨会上发表。任何错误都是作者的错误。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1:值得注意的是，大约27%的人是西班牙裔/拉丁裔/西班牙人。在解释结果时应考虑到这一限制。andrea N. Montes，博士，是亚利桑那州立大学犯罪学和刑事司法学院的助理教授，地址是北中央大道411号，600套房，凤凰城，亚利桑那州85004，电子邮件(andrea.montes@asu.edu)。她的作品曾发表在《司法季刊》、《犯罪与违法行为》、《犯罪学与公共政策》和《刑事司法与行为》上。她的研究重点是犯罪和惩罚理论、监禁经历、惩戒私有化、学校警务和学校安全。
{"title":"Exploring the social ties and diversity in the incarceration experience of Hispanic/Latino/Spanish individuals","authors":"Andrea N. Montes","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2023.2278498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2023.2278498","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe study starts by examining descriptive differences between incarcerated Hispanic/Latino/Spanish subgroups. Then, using three measures of social ties as dependent variables, explores whether using Hispanic/Latino/Spanish subgroup categories, as compared to a single category, reveals otherwise obscured differences. Compared to other subgroups Mexicans had a higher percentage of males and married individuals, and a lower percentage of individuals who were previously arrested. Puerto Rican/other Caribbeans had a higher percentage who were 29 years or younger. Regression analyses (N = 5,967) showed that before incorporating controls, Mexican individuals, compared to White individuals, had a higher likelihood of receiving letters or making calls. Collectively, these results underscore the need for further understanding ethnic identity and how this identity is associated with criminological experiences and outcomes.Keywords: EthnicityHispanicjailLatinoprison AcknowledgmentsSpecial thanks to the incarcerated individuals who shared their insights and experiences through their participation in the National Inmate Survey. The author also thanks the Bureau of Justice Statistics and RTI International for their efforts to collect the data used for the study, and the team at Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research for their assistance accessing and using these data. She also thanks Dan Mears for his comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. An earlier draft of this paper’s findings were presented at the American Society of Criminology’s 2022 Annual Meeting and at a faculty-student colloquium at Arizona State University. Any errors are those of the author.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Notably, approximately 27% of the dropped individuals were Hispanic/Latino/Spanish. This limitation should be considered when interpreting the results.Additional informationNotes on contributorsAndrea N. MontesAndrea N. Montes, Ph.D., is an assistant professor at Arizona State University, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 411 North Central Avenue, Suite 600, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, email (andrea.montes@asu.edu). Her work has appeared in Justice Quarterly, Crime & Delinquency, Criminology & Public Policy, and Criminal Justice and Behavior. Her research focuses on theories of crime and punishment, incarceration experiences, privatization of corrections, and school policing and school safety.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"30 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2023.2273541
Chris Guerra, Jessica M. Craig
AbstractResearch generally supports that immigrants engage in less crime than the native-born; however, theory behind the immigrant-crime link has a foundation largely rooted in assimilationism. While this offers valuable insight, an immigrant-centered perspective focusing on individuals and crime has yet to be offered. We position the life course as a valuable lens to understand how immigrant socialization, largely informed by acculturation, serves to protect against—though in some cases exacerbate—the risk of criminal offending. Building off prior perspectives in the life course tradition, we offer that the immigrant-crime link may be explained through a life course lens by emphasizing how acculturation works with six concepts: linked lives (i.e., social linkages), time and place, life-stage, situational imperatives, agency, and accentuation.Keywords: Immigration and crimelife courseacculturation and crimeimmigrant experiencetheory AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Bianca Bersani for providing feedback on an early version of this manuscript. We would also like to show appreciation for the reviewers and their helpful comments.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsChris GuerraChris Guerra is an assistant professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Security Studies at the University of Texas at El Paso. His research focuses on immigration and antisocial behavior. His work seeks to explore the mechanisms involved in this relationship.Jessica M. CraigJessica M. Craig is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of North Texas. Her research interests include juvenile justice and life course criminology, with a focus on the consequences of child maltreatment.
研究普遍支持移民比本土出生的人更少犯罪;然而，移民与犯罪联系背后的理论在很大程度上植根于同化主义。虽然这提供了有价值的见解，但还没有提供一个以移民为中心、关注个人和犯罪的视角。我们将人生历程定位为一个有价值的视角，以理解移民社会化(主要由文化适应所影响)是如何防止——尽管在某些情况下会加剧——犯罪风险的。在生命历程传统的基础上，我们提出移民与犯罪之间的联系可以通过生命历程的视角来解释，强调文化适应如何与六个概念一起工作:联系的生活(即社会联系)、时间和地点、生命阶段、情境要求、代理和强调。关键词:移民与犯罪生活课程文化适应与犯罪移民经验理论感谢Bianca Bersani对本文早期版本提供的反馈。我们也想对审稿人和他们的有益意见表示感谢。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本文作者chris Guerra是德克萨斯大学埃尔帕索分校刑事司法与安全研究系的助理教授。他的研究重点是移民和反社会行为。他的作品试图探索这种关系的机制。Jessica M. Craig，北德克萨斯大学刑事司法系副教授。她的研究兴趣包括青少年司法和生命过程犯罪学，重点是儿童虐待的后果。
{"title":"Bridging immigrant crime, acculturation, and the life course: a broader perspective","authors":"Chris Guerra, Jessica M. Craig","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2023.2273541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2023.2273541","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractResearch generally supports that immigrants engage in less crime than the native-born; however, theory behind the immigrant-crime link has a foundation largely rooted in assimilationism. While this offers valuable insight, an immigrant-centered perspective focusing on individuals and crime has yet to be offered. We position the life course as a valuable lens to understand how immigrant socialization, largely informed by acculturation, serves to protect against—though in some cases exacerbate—the risk of criminal offending. Building off prior perspectives in the life course tradition, we offer that the immigrant-crime link may be explained through a life course lens by emphasizing how acculturation works with six concepts: linked lives (i.e., social linkages), time and place, life-stage, situational imperatives, agency, and accentuation.Keywords: Immigration and crimelife courseacculturation and crimeimmigrant experiencetheory AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Bianca Bersani for providing feedback on an early version of this manuscript. We would also like to show appreciation for the reviewers and their helpful comments.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsChris GuerraChris Guerra is an assistant professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Security Studies at the University of Texas at El Paso. His research focuses on immigration and antisocial behavior. His work seeks to explore the mechanisms involved in this relationship.Jessica M. CraigJessica M. Craig is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of North Texas. Her research interests include juvenile justice and life course criminology, with a focus on the consequences of child maltreatment.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"23 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2023.2263880
Yudu Li, Lucas Espinoza, Charlotte Hu, Fei Luo
AbstractThis study investigates the job preferences of criminal justice (CJ) students and potential factors that may impact their application for law enforcement positions. Existing research has shown that factors like gender, race, and class standing influence career choices among CJ majors. To contribute to this body of knowledge, this study focuses on CJ students’ attitudes toward the police and willingness to engage in community policing programs. The research examined 231 CJ students in a Hispanic serving university situated along the US-Mexican border. Research findings indicate that CJ students are less likely to pursue law enforcement careers if they hold less favorable attitudes toward the police or are unwilling to participate in ride-along programs. The study concludes with policy implications.Keywords: Community policing programcriminal justice studentsjob preferencepublic attitudes Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsYudu LiDr. Yudu Li is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. His research interests include comparative criminology/criminal justice, court and sentencing, death penalty study, law enforcement and administration, and criminological theories.Lucas EspinozaDr. Lucas Espinoza is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. His research interests include culture and identity, Latin@ disparities, social justice rights/issues, gender & women’s studies, Mexican American studies, and social science methodology & statistics.Charlotte HuDr. Charlotte Hu is an assistant professor of practice in the School of Government and Public Policy at University of Arizona. Her research interests include courts and sentencing, cybercrime, and white-collar crime.Fei LuoDr. Fei Luo is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the Texas A&M International University. Her research interests include policing, immigrants, victimization, and legal studies.
{"title":"Aspirations of Hispanic criminal justice students to join law enforcement: an empirical investigation","authors":"Yudu Li, Lucas Espinoza, Charlotte Hu, Fei Luo","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2023.2263880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2023.2263880","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis study investigates the job preferences of criminal justice (CJ) students and potential factors that may impact their application for law enforcement positions. Existing research has shown that factors like gender, race, and class standing influence career choices among CJ majors. To contribute to this body of knowledge, this study focuses on CJ students’ attitudes toward the police and willingness to engage in community policing programs. The research examined 231 CJ students in a Hispanic serving university situated along the US-Mexican border. Research findings indicate that CJ students are less likely to pursue law enforcement careers if they hold less favorable attitudes toward the police or are unwilling to participate in ride-along programs. The study concludes with policy implications.Keywords: Community policing programcriminal justice studentsjob preferencepublic attitudes Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsYudu LiDr. Yudu Li is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. His research interests include comparative criminology/criminal justice, court and sentencing, death penalty study, law enforcement and administration, and criminological theories.Lucas EspinozaDr. Lucas Espinoza is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. His research interests include culture and identity, Latin@ disparities, social justice rights/issues, gender & women’s studies, Mexican American studies, and social science methodology & statistics.Charlotte HuDr. Charlotte Hu is an assistant professor of practice in the School of Government and Public Policy at University of Arizona. Her research interests include courts and sentencing, cybercrime, and white-collar crime.Fei LuoDr. Fei Luo is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the Texas A&M International University. Her research interests include policing, immigrants, victimization, and legal studies.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135744620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2023.2256248
Davis Shelfer, Yan Zhang
AbstractThe notion persists that recent immigrants commit substantively more serious crimes than citizens, but prior research has only used aggregate-level data or youth-focused samples. We address this gap using individual-level 2017 crime arrest data from the Houston Police Department (HPD) that include citizenship, supplemented by Houston Super Neighborhoods data and American Community Survey estimates. We conduct bivariate and multilevel multinomial analyses to compare crime characteristics and neighborhood-level influences on offending by citizenship, finding that non-U.S. citizen arrestees were less likely to have been arrested for felonies, drug crimes, and Part I property crimes than U.S. citizen arrestees. An exploration of neighborhood contextual influences and interaction effects reveals further nuances. Directions for future research and implications for evidence-based policy are discussed.Keywords: Citizenshipcrime severityimmigrationmultilevel multinomial model Disclosure statementThe author(s) report there are no competing interests to declare.Notes1 We use the term “recent immigrant,” in alignment with public perceptions and theories of immigration-and-crime (e.g., social disorganization), interchangeably with our operationalization “non-U.S. citizen” since earning U.S. citizenship takes several years. We assume that most of the non-U.S. citizens in our sample are recent immigrants and most of the U.S. citizens in our sample are either native-born or assimilated, naturalized immigrants; however, we cannot test the accuracy of this supposition due to the lack of a national origin variable in our dataset. The concept of immigration should not be misunderstood as identical to citizenship, since 45% of foreign-born people living in the United States (i.e., immigrants) have earned U.S. citizenship through naturalization (Budiman, Citation2020).2 We obtained three years (2015–2017) of crime arrest data from Houston Police Department that included arrestee citizenship. The examination of the 2015 and 2016 data showed that citizenship was missing in 46.1% and 26.9% of each year’s data respectively. Therefore, we decided to only use the 2017 data, which had enough cases and only 1.5% missing values in citizenship.3 This discrepancy is caused by the fact that some arrests occurred for incidents that took place prior to 2017. For example, someone arrested in 2017 for an offense committed in 1999 would appear in our 2017 arrest data but not in our 2017 crime incident data.4 The lowest level of citizen and non-citizen data available from the American Community Survey 2017 data is census tract level data. Each Super Neighborhood intersects with multiple census tracts. A weight is assigned to a census tract based on the percentage of geographic area located inside the Super Neighborhoods. The sum of weighted total of non-U.S. citizens ∑i=1kwiIi (where w is the weight of census tract i, and I is the non-U.S. citizen population of census tract i),
{"title":"Crimes committed by recent immigrants: Characteristics and community patterns","authors":"Davis Shelfer, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2023.2256248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2023.2256248","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe notion persists that recent immigrants commit substantively more serious crimes than citizens, but prior research has only used aggregate-level data or youth-focused samples. We address this gap using individual-level 2017 crime arrest data from the Houston Police Department (HPD) that include citizenship, supplemented by Houston Super Neighborhoods data and American Community Survey estimates. We conduct bivariate and multilevel multinomial analyses to compare crime characteristics and neighborhood-level influences on offending by citizenship, finding that non-U.S. citizen arrestees were less likely to have been arrested for felonies, drug crimes, and Part I property crimes than U.S. citizen arrestees. An exploration of neighborhood contextual influences and interaction effects reveals further nuances. Directions for future research and implications for evidence-based policy are discussed.Keywords: Citizenshipcrime severityimmigrationmultilevel multinomial model Disclosure statementThe author(s) report there are no competing interests to declare.Notes1 We use the term “recent immigrant,” in alignment with public perceptions and theories of immigration-and-crime (e.g., social disorganization), interchangeably with our operationalization “non-U.S. citizen” since earning U.S. citizenship takes several years. We assume that most of the non-U.S. citizens in our sample are recent immigrants and most of the U.S. citizens in our sample are either native-born or assimilated, naturalized immigrants; however, we cannot test the accuracy of this supposition due to the lack of a national origin variable in our dataset. The concept of immigration should not be misunderstood as identical to citizenship, since 45% of foreign-born people living in the United States (i.e., immigrants) have earned U.S. citizenship through naturalization (Budiman, Citation2020).2 We obtained three years (2015–2017) of crime arrest data from Houston Police Department that included arrestee citizenship. The examination of the 2015 and 2016 data showed that citizenship was missing in 46.1% and 26.9% of each year’s data respectively. Therefore, we decided to only use the 2017 data, which had enough cases and only 1.5% missing values in citizenship.3 This discrepancy is caused by the fact that some arrests occurred for incidents that took place prior to 2017. For example, someone arrested in 2017 for an offense committed in 1999 would appear in our 2017 arrest data but not in our 2017 crime incident data.4 The lowest level of citizen and non-citizen data available from the American Community Survey 2017 data is census tract level data. Each Super Neighborhood intersects with multiple census tracts. A weight is assigned to a census tract based on the percentage of geographic area located inside the Super Neighborhoods. The sum of weighted total of non-U.S. citizens ∑i=1kwiIi (where w is the weight of census tract i, and I is the non-U.S. citizen population of census tract i),","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2023.2232316
Rashid Minhas, L. Frumkin
Abstract When making decisions, police, like all people, fall prey to negative stereotypes. Police must regularly make decisions about threats, so the stakes are higher than the typical decision-making process. This review looked at the threat and violence risk assessment processes through a new lens, exploring the relationship between (un)reasonable suspicion based on behaviors with an overreliance on perceived prejudicial stereotypes. The paper outlines seven cases exemplifying inaccurate assessment of threats based on two UK criminal justice policies, (i) stop and search; (ii) and the CONTEST strategy. The case analysis review suggests that assessments are based on unstructured judgments and profiling grounded in cultural, religious and racial stereotypes.
{"title":"A review of cultural and ethnic bias in investigative decision-making: selected cases","authors":"Rashid Minhas, L. Frumkin","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2023.2232316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2023.2232316","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When making decisions, police, like all people, fall prey to negative stereotypes. Police must regularly make decisions about threats, so the stakes are higher than the typical decision-making process. This review looked at the threat and violence risk assessment processes through a new lens, exploring the relationship between (un)reasonable suspicion based on behaviors with an overreliance on perceived prejudicial stereotypes. The paper outlines seven cases exemplifying inaccurate assessment of threats based on two UK criminal justice policies, (i) stop and search; (ii) and the CONTEST strategy. The case analysis review suggests that assessments are based on unstructured judgments and profiling grounded in cultural, religious and racial stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"207 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41837538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2023.2234839
Roderick L. Pearson
Abstract Research on racial disparities in traffic stops has produced mixed results, with some studies finding Black and Hispanic drivers are more likely to be ticketed than White drivers and others concluding they are not. However, there is limited research assessing whether the driver’s race, gender, or demeanor has the largest impact on receiving leniency. To fill this gap in the literature, I compare the effect of a driver’s race, gender, and demeanor on the probability of receiving leniency for traffic violations. Black and Hispanic drivers were less likely to receive leniency than White drivers. However, the driver’s demeanor had the largest impact on the probability of receiving leniency.
{"title":"The impact of race, gender, and demeanor on receiving leniency during traffic stops","authors":"Roderick L. Pearson","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2023.2234839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2023.2234839","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on racial disparities in traffic stops has produced mixed results, with some studies finding Black and Hispanic drivers are more likely to be ticketed than White drivers and others concluding they are not. However, there is limited research assessing whether the driver’s race, gender, or demeanor has the largest impact on receiving leniency. To fill this gap in the literature, I compare the effect of a driver’s race, gender, and demeanor on the probability of receiving leniency for traffic violations. Black and Hispanic drivers were less likely to receive leniency than White drivers. However, the driver’s demeanor had the largest impact on the probability of receiving leniency.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"230 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43336238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2023.2241404
Philip D McCormack, Kaitlyn Clarke, Scott M. Walfield, Francesca Spina
Abstract The measurement of crime in the United States is one that has constantly evolved since national efforts began in 1930. However, the measurements of victim and offender characteristics, specifically race and ethnicity, have not developed at the same pace, nor as rapidly for crime data as it has for other fields. This paper examines two primary criminal justice data sources, the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and compares them for context to the United States Census. Analysis shows that the Census has continually expanded racial and ethnic categories while the crime data instruments have mostly refined them only by name. The paper concludes with suggestions for revision of the crime data collection instruments, specifically NIBRS, and a discussion of research and policy implications.
{"title":"The (mis)measure of race and ethnicity in crime data","authors":"Philip D McCormack, Kaitlyn Clarke, Scott M. Walfield, Francesca Spina","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2023.2241404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2023.2241404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The measurement of crime in the United States is one that has constantly evolved since national efforts began in 1930. However, the measurements of victim and offender characteristics, specifically race and ethnicity, have not developed at the same pace, nor as rapidly for crime data as it has for other fields. This paper examines two primary criminal justice data sources, the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and compares them for context to the United States Census. Analysis shows that the Census has continually expanded racial and ethnic categories while the crime data instruments have mostly refined them only by name. The paper concludes with suggestions for revision of the crime data collection instruments, specifically NIBRS, and a discussion of research and policy implications.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"251 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41511176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2023.2250742
Walter S. DeKeseredy, Alison J. Marganski, Adam J. Pritchard, James Nolan
Abstract Advances in social scientific understandings of female racial/ethnic minority college students’ experiences of woman abuse have not kept pace with the amount of theoretical and empirical work on the plight of their White counterparts. What is especially needed is a study that examines racial/ethnic variations in negative peer support for various types of victimization in institutions of higher learning. Using the Campus Quality of Life Survey, results show (1) no significant differences between White and racial/ethnic minority women students in polyvictimization within types of abuse (i.e., stalking, harassment, sexual assault, and intimate partner violence), but some differences in overall rates of victimization and polyvictimization, and (2) negative peer support is strongly related to woman abuse and polyvictimization. Implications are discussed.
{"title":"Race/ethnicity, negative peer support, and polyvictimization among college women","authors":"Walter S. DeKeseredy, Alison J. Marganski, Adam J. Pritchard, James Nolan","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2023.2250742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2023.2250742","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Advances in social scientific understandings of female racial/ethnic minority college students’ experiences of woman abuse have not kept pace with the amount of theoretical and empirical work on the plight of their White counterparts. What is especially needed is a study that examines racial/ethnic variations in negative peer support for various types of victimization in institutions of higher learning. Using the Campus Quality of Life Survey, results show (1) no significant differences between White and racial/ethnic minority women students in polyvictimization within types of abuse (i.e., stalking, harassment, sexual assault, and intimate partner violence), but some differences in overall rates of victimization and polyvictimization, and (2) negative peer support is strongly related to woman abuse and polyvictimization. Implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"274 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41718437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2023.2201573
Shelley Liu
Abstract This study examines patterns and determinants of police attitudes toward the use of force in China. Using police use of force scenarios to elicit officers’ opinions about force used by other officers, this study finds that the way officers view police use of force vary significantly by officers’ age, education, and police division to which an officer is assigned. Regression analysis demonstrates that officers’ adherence to traditional police subcultural themes—code of silence and aggressive approach to policing—are prominent predictors of attitudes supportive of the use of force. The positive association between educational attainment and police attitudes toward the use of force is discussed in relation to China’s socio-political environment. Policy implications for police recruitment, training, and management are discussed as well.
{"title":"Chinese police and its support for the use of force","authors":"Shelley Liu","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2023.2201573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2023.2201573","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines patterns and determinants of police attitudes toward the use of force in China. Using police use of force scenarios to elicit officers’ opinions about force used by other officers, this study finds that the way officers view police use of force vary significantly by officers’ age, education, and police division to which an officer is assigned. Regression analysis demonstrates that officers’ adherence to traditional police subcultural themes—code of silence and aggressive approach to policing—are prominent predictors of attitudes supportive of the use of force. The positive association between educational attainment and police attitudes toward the use of force is discussed in relation to China’s socio-political environment. Policy implications for police recruitment, training, and management are discussed as well.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"103 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44821023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2023.2231876
R. Butler
Abstract Despite widespread distrust of police among Black Americans, research indicates that Black crime victims are more likely to call the police than other demographic groups. Using National Crime Victimization Survey data from 1994–2018, I employ logistic regression and compare the average marginal effects of victim race and gender on probabilities of reporting to police. Of four race-sex categories (non-Black and Black male and female victims), I find that Black women are most likely to report and Black men are least likely. But when the offender is a romantic partner, family member, or other household member, Black victims of either gender are more likely to report. Evidence points to the importance of victim gender and victim-offender relationship in understanding racial differences in crime reporting.
{"title":"Police notification by Black victims of violent crime: the role of victim gender and victim-offender relationship","authors":"R. Butler","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2023.2231876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2023.2231876","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite widespread distrust of police among Black Americans, research indicates that Black crime victims are more likely to call the police than other demographic groups. Using National Crime Victimization Survey data from 1994–2018, I employ logistic regression and compare the average marginal effects of victim race and gender on probabilities of reporting to police. Of four race-sex categories (non-Black and Black male and female victims), I find that Black women are most likely to report and Black men are least likely. But when the offender is a romantic partner, family member, or other household member, Black victims of either gender are more likely to report. Evidence points to the importance of victim gender and victim-offender relationship in understanding racial differences in crime reporting.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"176 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47152722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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