Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2021.1973639
J. C. Reid, M. Craig
Abstract This article draws on race relations arguments to explore the nexus between the media, race, and protest policing. The media’s coverage of Black Lives Matter (BLM) and protests opposing COVID-19 restrictions bring to light differences in police intervention at these events. How the media portrays this apparent imbalance is the focus of the current study. Using news reports from major U.S. outlets (e.g., New York Times, Washington Post), we find that protests anchored to racial justice issues are more often framed as a threat to the public interests. Our results highlight the media’s role in promoting notions of racial threat and exacerbating state repression. We discuss the implications of these findings for constitutional rights, social control, and journalism.
{"title":"Is it a rally or a riot? Racialized media framing of 2020 protests in the United States","authors":"J. C. Reid, M. Craig","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2021.1973639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2021.1973639","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article draws on race relations arguments to explore the nexus between the media, race, and protest policing. The media’s coverage of Black Lives Matter (BLM) and protests opposing COVID-19 restrictions bring to light differences in police intervention at these events. How the media portrays this apparent imbalance is the focus of the current study. Using news reports from major U.S. outlets (e.g., New York Times, Washington Post), we find that protests anchored to racial justice issues are more often framed as a threat to the public interests. Our results highlight the media’s role in promoting notions of racial threat and exacerbating state repression. We discuss the implications of these findings for constitutional rights, social control, and journalism.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"19 1","pages":"291 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45307361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2021.1942373
Katelyn P. Hancock, Leah E. Daigle
Abstract
Little research has been conducted to explore the impact of intersectionality among racial/ethnic minority groups and sexual/gender minority groups as it relates to violent, sexual, and stalking victimization risk. Using minority stress theory and routine activities-lifestyle exposure theory as a guide, the current study seeks to add to the literature by identifying risk factors for violent, sexual, and stalking victimization among a national sample of college students, while also exploring the intersections of race/ethnicity and sexual/gender minority status and how they may influence risk. Findings show that being a LGBTQ + student increases victimization risk similarly for White students and racial/ethnic minority students. There are differences and similarities across victimization risk factors among these groups.
{"title":"Double jeopardy?: Exploring the intersectionality of sexual/gender group membership, racial/ethnic group membership, and victimization risk","authors":"Katelyn P. Hancock, Leah E. Daigle","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2021.1942373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2021.1942373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b></p><p>Little research has been conducted to explore the impact of intersectionality among racial/ethnic minority groups and sexual/gender minority groups as it relates to violent, sexual, and stalking victimization risk. Using minority stress theory and routine activities-lifestyle exposure theory as a guide, the current study seeks to add to the literature by identifying risk factors for violent, sexual, and stalking victimization among a national sample of college students, while also exploring the intersections of race/ethnicity and sexual/gender minority status and how they may influence risk. Findings show that being a LGBTQ + student increases victimization risk similarly for White students and racial/ethnic minority students. There are differences and similarities across victimization risk factors among these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"118 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138505820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2021.1932661
William T. Miller, C. Campbell, T. Larnell
Abstract Black youth and girls are at an increased risk of formal involvement in the juvenile justice system. These differential experiences have the potential to harm the validity of the criminal history measures on juvenile risk assessments. The present study examines the incremental validity of the criminal history items on the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool in a sample of 3,591 youth across gender and race. Results indicated that the criminal history items significantly contributed to the predictive validity of the tool for White boys, but this was not the case for Black boys, Black girls, or White girls. Future risk assessments should consider modifying or omitting these items, as they neither predict recidivism nor inform treatment for various youth.
{"title":"Bias detected? An examination of criminal history using the OYAS-DIS for girls and black youth","authors":"William T. Miller, C. Campbell, T. Larnell","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2021.1932661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2021.1932661","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Black youth and girls are at an increased risk of formal involvement in the juvenile justice system. These differential experiences have the potential to harm the validity of the criminal history measures on juvenile risk assessments. The present study examines the incremental validity of the criminal history items on the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool in a sample of 3,591 youth across gender and race. Results indicated that the criminal history items significantly contributed to the predictive validity of the tool for White boys, but this was not the case for Black boys, Black girls, or White girls. Future risk assessments should consider modifying or omitting these items, as they neither predict recidivism nor inform treatment for various youth.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"19 1","pages":"101 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2021.1932661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42278926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2021.1966862
Casey LaFrance, P. McConnell, Deirdre M. Dougherty, Zachary Hollinshead
Abstract For decades, scholars have called for and investigated the effects of representative bureaucracy, with some scholars explaining that common lived experiences, or “subject positions” between street-level bureaucrats and community members might facilitate better communication that in turn could lead to consensus or shared meaning in discourse and behavior between these two groups. Building upon the theoretical scaffolding of the Target Model of discretion, our study uses self-reported survey data from 190 sworn officers in a large majority minority city in the southern United States to investigate the relationship between officer race and the priority Black and non-Black officers ascribe to community norms and expectations as influences on their decision-making processes. Our findings indicate that Black police officers in this city are significantly more likely than their non-Black counterparts to recognize community norms as a factor that influences their decisions, in line with the research hypothesis.
{"title":"The influence of community norms on black officers’ decision-making in a large municipal police department in a majority minority United States city: a quasi-experiment","authors":"Casey LaFrance, P. McConnell, Deirdre M. Dougherty, Zachary Hollinshead","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2021.1966862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2021.1966862","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For decades, scholars have called for and investigated the effects of representative bureaucracy, with some scholars explaining that common lived experiences, or “subject positions” between street-level bureaucrats and community members might facilitate better communication that in turn could lead to consensus or shared meaning in discourse and behavior between these two groups. Building upon the theoretical scaffolding of the Target Model of discretion, our study uses self-reported survey data from 190 sworn officers in a large majority minority city in the southern United States to investigate the relationship between officer race and the priority Black and non-Black officers ascribe to community norms and expectations as influences on their decision-making processes. Our findings indicate that Black police officers in this city are significantly more likely than their non-Black counterparts to recognize community norms as a factor that influences their decisions, in line with the research hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"19 1","pages":"163 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47006098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2021.1934931
Patrick Webb, Dennis M. Savard
Abstract Disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) has been examined in juvenile justice research. However, studies associated with characteristics of criminal and juvenile justice personnel in relation to the high rate of minority youth arrest rates is deficient. Using nearly 100 surveys, the purpose of this study is to identify the opinions of law enforcement personnel in association with official data provided by the Uniform Crime Reports. Chi-square results reveal that race (as well as other characteristics) are significantly linked with opinions related to disproportionate minority youth arrest. This includes reported explanations, impact, and solutions (i.e., ideas related to nonarrest measures, etc.). Areas of further inquiry, limitations, and policy implications are provided.
{"title":"Officer observations and disproportionate minority youth arrest: origins, outcomes, and opportunities","authors":"Patrick Webb, Dennis M. Savard","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2021.1934931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2021.1934931","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) has been examined in juvenile justice research. However, studies associated with characteristics of criminal and juvenile justice personnel in relation to the high rate of minority youth arrest rates is deficient. Using nearly 100 surveys, the purpose of this study is to identify the opinions of law enforcement personnel in association with official data provided by the Uniform Crime Reports. Chi-square results reveal that race (as well as other characteristics) are significantly linked with opinions related to disproportionate minority youth arrest. This includes reported explanations, impact, and solutions (i.e., ideas related to nonarrest measures, etc.). Areas of further inquiry, limitations, and policy implications are provided.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"19 1","pages":"120 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2021.1934931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42997501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2021.1907826
K. Joosen, A. Slotboom
Abstract Dutch Caribbean-born women form one of the largest female ethnic minority groups in the Netherlands and are overrepresented in Dutch crime statistics. Experienced racism has been shown to weaken bonds to society and has been linked to (female) offending among African Americans. In the Netherlands and across the Caribbean research on experienced racism and offending is scarce. The current study examines the relationship between self-reported offending, weakened attachments and experienced racism among 328 Dutch Caribbean-born women. Results show that more experienced racism is related to both weakened attachments as to higher rates of self-reported offending across the life course.
{"title":"Experienced racism, attachment and the risk of offending among Dutch Caribbean women","authors":"K. Joosen, A. Slotboom","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2021.1907826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2021.1907826","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dutch Caribbean-born women form one of the largest female ethnic minority groups in the Netherlands and are overrepresented in Dutch crime statistics. Experienced racism has been shown to weaken bonds to society and has been linked to (female) offending among African Americans. In the Netherlands and across the Caribbean research on experienced racism and offending is scarce. The current study examines the relationship between self-reported offending, weakened attachments and experienced racism among 328 Dutch Caribbean-born women. Results show that more experienced racism is related to both weakened attachments as to higher rates of self-reported offending across the life course.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"19 1","pages":"46 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2021.1907826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48687862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2021.1907827
Jacob Armstrong, Elvira M. White‐LEWIS, D. Nicole Farris, W. Edwards
Abstract While a significant amount of research has been conducted in regards to public opinion of police, limited information can be found that reflects college students' opinions toward the subject, and even fewer studies have specifically used students on a college campus as a sample to study such opinions. The majority of past research focuses on low-income minorities who live in transitional neighborhoods and those who typically harbor the most negative views of the police in the United States. The questions this study attempted to answer were, "Are there certain demographic and social factors that can predict negative views toward police?" "If so, do these factors differ from or continue to confirm the results presented in past studies?" This study, through the use of questionnaire survey research, seeks to determine if a broader demographic of individuals, particularly college students, might be dissatisfied with police in present times, in light of the recent events regarding police use of force, what some may call police brutality, hostility, and unprofessionalism. The dependent factor was the respondents' views toward police. A two-part questionnaire survey was distributed to a sample of 323 students at a mid-size university in a southwestern state, and the data obtained from the surveys were analyzed to determine what additional demographic variables may be significant in the explanation of negative attitudes toward the police. Race and ethnicity remained a significant variable and "single" was found to be an unusual significant variable that was seldom used in prior research.
{"title":"Reevaluating factors associated with negative attitudes toward police: capturing information from college students","authors":"Jacob Armstrong, Elvira M. White‐LEWIS, D. Nicole Farris, W. Edwards","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2021.1907827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2021.1907827","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While a significant amount of research has been conducted in regards to public opinion of police, limited information can be found that reflects college students' opinions toward the subject, and even fewer studies have specifically used students on a college campus as a sample to study such opinions. The majority of past research focuses on low-income minorities who live in transitional neighborhoods and those who typically harbor the most negative views of the police in the United States. The questions this study attempted to answer were, \"Are there certain demographic and social factors that can predict negative views toward police?\" \"If so, do these factors differ from or continue to confirm the results presented in past studies?\" This study, through the use of questionnaire survey research, seeks to determine if a broader demographic of individuals, particularly college students, might be dissatisfied with police in present times, in light of the recent events regarding police use of force, what some may call police brutality, hostility, and unprofessionalism. The dependent factor was the respondents' views toward police. A two-part questionnaire survey was distributed to a sample of 323 students at a mid-size university in a southwestern state, and the data obtained from the surveys were analyzed to determine what additional demographic variables may be significant in the explanation of negative attitudes toward the police. Race and ethnicity remained a significant variable and \"single\" was found to be an unusual significant variable that was seldom used in prior research.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"19 1","pages":"73 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2021.1907827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45445502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2021.1895944
Kiesha Warren-Gordon, Gayle Rhineberger
Abstract Hate crimes have a broad impact not just on the victim, but also on people in the community. Since the 2016 presidential election there has been an uptick in hate crimes against people of color, immigrants, non-Christians, LGBTQ+, and other minority populations, possibly due to the “the Trump effect.” By analyzing the newspaper coverage of hate crimes over a seven year period, we assess if the Trump effect impacted newspaper coverage of hate crimes after Trump’s rallies and speeches. Findings suggest that there was an increase in assault and harassment hate crimes after Trump rallies. Implications of these findings are also discussed.
{"title":"The “Trump effect” on hate crime reporting: media coverage before and after the 2016 presidential election","authors":"Kiesha Warren-Gordon, Gayle Rhineberger","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2021.1895944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2021.1895944","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hate crimes have a broad impact not just on the victim, but also on people in the community. Since the 2016 presidential election there has been an uptick in hate crimes against people of color, immigrants, non-Christians, LGBTQ+, and other minority populations, possibly due to the “the Trump effect.” By analyzing the newspaper coverage of hate crimes over a seven year period, we assess if the Trump effect impacted newspaper coverage of hate crimes after Trump’s rallies and speeches. Findings suggest that there was an increase in assault and harassment hate crimes after Trump rallies. Implications of these findings are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"19 1","pages":"25 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2021.1895944","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41850140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2020.1842281
Melissa Powell-Williams, Todd A Powell-Williams, H. D. Hunt
Abstract While the U.S. criminal justice system has a long history of racial injustice, the use of body-worn-cameras (BWCs) has changed the discourse on racial bias and police accountability. To date, the growing research on BWCs has yet to address the racial tensions that underly contentious interactions between police and citizenry. Using survey and interview data this research evaluates: (1) whether officer race influences perceptions of race/racism and support for BWCs; (2) whether officer perceptions of race/racism influence support for BWCs; (3) how officers perceive racial conflict within their communities; and (4) how these perceptions shape their views of the efficacy of BWCs as a means to reduce racial conflict. By tackling these important questions, this research provides the necessary context to enrich our exploration of the implications of BWCs within the broader discourse and research on race relations in policing.
{"title":"Effects of officer perception of race and racial tensions on support for body-worn-cameras","authors":"Melissa Powell-Williams, Todd A Powell-Williams, H. D. Hunt","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2020.1842281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2020.1842281","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While the U.S. criminal justice system has a long history of racial injustice, the use of body-worn-cameras (BWCs) has changed the discourse on racial bias and police accountability. To date, the growing research on BWCs has yet to address the racial tensions that underly contentious interactions between police and citizenry. Using survey and interview data this research evaluates: (1) whether officer race influences perceptions of race/racism and support for BWCs; (2) whether officer perceptions of race/racism influence support for BWCs; (3) how officers perceive racial conflict within their communities; and (4) how these perceptions shape their views of the efficacy of BWCs as a means to reduce racial conflict. By tackling these important questions, this research provides the necessary context to enrich our exploration of the implications of BWCs within the broader discourse and research on race relations in policing.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"19 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2020.1842281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43173844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-28DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2020.1812461
Fei Luo, J. Warner, Heather Alaniz
Abstract Nontraditional and commuter students, including Hispanic minority members and immigrants, are increasing within university enrollment. Although there is a national focus on sexual harassment, the dilemmas faced by these often-older students can include intimate partner violence (IPV). Research on risk and protective factors of IPV is a building block but incomplete for understanding and responding to IPV among Hispanic nontraditional university students. This study fills the gap by examining IPV victimization among a group of Hispanic students. The findings reveal that alcohol and drug use were significant risk factors of IPV victimization and offending, while a good family relationship served as a protective factor.
{"title":"Intimate partner violence among nontraditional Hispanic college students: an exploratory study","authors":"Fei Luo, J. Warner, Heather Alaniz","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2020.1812461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2020.1812461","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nontraditional and commuter students, including Hispanic minority members and immigrants, are increasing within university enrollment. Although there is a national focus on sexual harassment, the dilemmas faced by these often-older students can include intimate partner violence (IPV). Research on risk and protective factors of IPV is a building block but incomplete for understanding and responding to IPV among Hispanic nontraditional university students. This study fills the gap by examining IPV victimization among a group of Hispanic students. The findings reveal that alcohol and drug use were significant risk factors of IPV victimization and offending, while a good family relationship served as a protective factor.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"341 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2020.1812461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45552428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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