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The ritual incorporation and cross-cultural communication in Camau, Vietnam: a case study of the Tianhou cult 越南卡马岛的仪式融合与跨文化交流——以天侯教为例
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2022.2140686
Ngoc Tho Nguyen
ABSTRACT Tianhou (天后) is a popular religious figure rooted in Fujian, China. Historically, she was continuously ‘standardised’ by late imperial China, making this character a standard symbol. In the late 17th century, Chinese immigrants propagated the Tianhou cult in Southern Vietnam, further developed, and made Tianhou the identity marker of their community. However, in Camau and other places of Southern Vietnam, this symbol became partially changed due to the process of localisation and cross-cultural exchange. The Chinese successfully incorporate Chinese Tianhou rituals with Vietnamese family rites (especially the worships of Kitchen God and ancestors) to gain both community consolidation and cross-ethnic integration. The illusionary incorporation effectively consolidates the ties between peoples and improves the position of the ethnic Chinese in the local society. This paper mainly applies the concept of ‘inventing tradition’ and Seligman’s and Weller’s (2012) viewpoint of the cultural interaction of notation, ritual and shared experience to generalise the nature and significance of liturgical transformation in the Tianhou cult among the ethnic Chinese in Camau. The study shows that cultural adaptation, as a means for survival and evolution, has been the goal of an endless struggle among the Chinese in contemporary Vietnam.
天侯是一个扎根于中国福建的民间宗教人物。从历史上看,她在帝制晚期的中国不断“标准化”,使这个字成为标准符号。17世纪后期,中国移民在越南南部传播了天侯崇拜,并进一步发展,使天侯成为他们社区的身份标志。然而,在卡马乌和越南南部的其他地方,由于本地化和跨文化交流的过程,这个符号部分改变了。中国人成功地将中国的天侯仪式与越南的家庭仪式(特别是对灶神和祖先的崇拜)结合起来,以获得社区巩固和跨民族融合。这种虚幻的合并有效地巩固了民族之间的联系,提高了华人在当地社会中的地位。本文主要运用“发明传统”的概念和塞利格曼和韦勒(2012)关于符号、仪式和共享经验的文化互动的观点来概括卡马华人天后崇拜中礼仪转化的性质和意义。研究表明,文化适应作为一种生存和进化的手段,一直是当代越南华人无休止斗争的目标。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of religion on beliefs of stewardship, dominionship and controlling god towards pro-environmental support 宗教对管理、支配和控制神的信仰对亲环境支持的影响
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2023.2177317
Sophayo Khamrang Varah, Eknee Khongrei, Mirinchonme Mahongnao, Franky Varah
ABSTRACT Studies on the relationship between religious activity and environmental issues are becoming increasingly significant in view of the enormous environmental difficulties confronting modern civilisation. The study of the relationship between religion and nature has produced contradictory results. Some studies found that religion had a significant influence on people’s attitude toward nature, whereas others found the opposite. The goal of this study is to see how the predictor (stewardship, dominion, and belief in a controlling God) mediated the link between religiosity and pro-environmental support. We conducted an online experiment (N = 280) on the Tangkhul Naga in Northeast India. The findings show that stewardship has a direct and substantial association with religiosity, but dominionship and belief in a controlling God do not. Tangkhul Nagas indicate that people or communities with stewardship tendencies are more inclined to support environmental causes. This paper contends that a strong inclination of stewardship and pro-environmental activism stems from their ancestor’s belief system and their way of life in which they embraced animism and worshipped nature prior to accepting Christianity, as evident from literature and folklores. This paper aims to ascertain that such a belief system is critical at a time when global societies are attempting to minimise the present environmental crisis.
鉴于现代文明面临的巨大环境困难,对宗教活动与环境问题之间关系的研究变得越来越重要。对宗教与自然关系的研究产生了矛盾的结果。一些研究发现,宗教对人们对待自然的态度有重大影响,而另一些研究则发现恰恰相反。这项研究的目的是观察预测因素(管理、统治和对控制上帝的信仰)如何介导宗教信仰和环保支持之间的联系。我们进行了一个在线实验(N = 280)。研究结果表明,管理与宗教信仰有着直接而实质的联系,但支配地位和对控制上帝的信仰却没有。Tangkhul Nagas表明,有管理倾向的人或社区更倾向于支持环境事业。本文认为,强烈的管理和环保行动主义倾向源于他们祖先的信仰体系和生活方式,在接受基督教之前,他们信奉万物有灵论,崇拜自然,这一点从文学和民间传说中可以明显看出。本文旨在确定,在全球社会试图将当前的环境危机降至最低的时候,这种信念体系至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
God says ‘gay rights’: queering Christian theology in the Good Omens fandom 上帝说“同性恋权利”:好兆头粉丝圈中的酷儿基督教神学
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2023.2177316
Valentina Romanzi
ABSTRACT In this essay I investigate how fandom discourse comments on, adapts, and reinvents existing theology. Using a selection of Good Omens fan works and ‘meta’ online posts as a case study, I argue that they welcome instances of queer theology while moving forward issues pertaining to the LGBTQ+ liberation movement. In expanding and altering the source material, fan fiction authors retrieve Biblical myths to legitimise the inclusion of queer individuals in Christian theology – the stated intent of the LGBTQ+ liberation movement. Additionally, they often offer a revisited, inclusive depiction of God as the ‘ur-ally’, framing them/her/him as an ‘ineffable’ figure made of encompassing and all-accepting love. Moreover, Good Omens fan fiction situates the binary forces of Heaven and Hell as the antagonists to the much more nuanced and queer-coded protagonists, who embrace humanity and reject notions of hard-set dichotomies. This celebration of queerness as opposed to strict dualisms fits into the purported goals of queer theology, which has no direct interest in finding a place for queer people within the existing Christian tradition, but rather works towards the dismantling of harmful dualities.
在本文中,我研究了狂热话语是如何评论、改编和重塑现有神学的。我选择了好兆头的粉丝作品和“元”在线帖子作为案例研究,我认为他们欢迎酷儿神学的实例,同时推进与LGBTQ+解放运动有关的问题。同人小说作者在扩展和修改原始材料的过程中,找回了圣经神话,使基督教神学中包含酷儿个体合法化——这是LGBTQ+解放运动的明确意图。此外,他们经常提供一种重新审视的、包容性的描述,把上帝描绘成“我们的盟友”,把他们/她/他塑造成一个由包容和接受一切的爱构成的“不可言喻”的形象。此外,《好预兆》同人小说将天堂和地狱的二元力量置于更微妙、更酷的主角的对立面,后者拥抱人性,拒绝刻板的二分法。这种对酷儿的颂扬,与严格的二元论相反,符合酷儿神学的目标,它对在现有的基督教传统中为酷儿找到一个位置没有直接的兴趣,而是致力于拆除有害的二元性。
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引用次数: 1
Building movements through active refusal 主动拒绝的建筑运动
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2021.2227308
Anupama M Ranawana, Federico Settler
In this latest issue of Culture and Religion, we have a series of articles that raise questions on how communities are formed and how they look to survive. Through different emphases, the articles provide interesting reflections on how religious communities define their collective identity, as well as how they pursue their freedom from institutional rules, historical structures and even the disciplining of gendered language. Sophayo Kamrang Varah et al.’s essay ‘The influence of religion on beliefs of stewardship, dominionship and controlling god towards pro-environmental support’, for example, shows how spirituality and spiritual identity are linked critically to the relationship of the community with the land, as well as the centrality of ancestral belief systems. This rejects or refuses an all-controlling God and centres the spirituality of nature and is this predicated on stewardship rather than dominion. It also highlights the importance of literature and folklore, that is, forms of storytelling, in building this collective identity, and particularly in how it affects the Christian identity of the Tangkhul Naga community that was studied for this project. In two of the articles featured, we also have a continued focus on how narratives are developed, particularly in how communities are breaking apart and then rewriting stories and building identities that are closer to their lived experience. One of these articles is Gabriel Apata’s ‘How Pentecostalism Emerged as a form of Resistance to Racial Oppression in the US’, which argues for Pentecostalism as the first organised black Protestant movements of the postbellum years, finding roots for this in African culture and black cultural expressionism, and particularly centring Lewison’s argument that Classic American Pentecostalism developed out of the religious expression of slave communities. Apata notes five cultural influences: oral, theology and witness, maximum participation and inclusion of dreams and visions, and the link between body and mind that make up this grassrooted and spontaneous theology. In making this argument, Apata’s work also links back to previous editorial arguments we have made regarding transformation and transgression, and asks us to consider what occurs when we centre an ontology of spirit. Valentina Romanzi’s ‘God says “gay rights”: queering Christian theology in the Good Omens fandom’ continues this theme of the breaking up of a narrative and how religious communities express narratives in grassroots or ‘crowd’ based forms. Romanzi’s focus is fanfiction as a site of collective CULTURE AND RELIGION 2021, VOL. 22, NO. 1, 1–5 https://doi.org/10.1080/14755610.2021.2227308
在最新一期的《文化与宗教》中,我们有一系列文章提出了社区是如何形成的以及他们如何生存的问题。文章通过不同的重点,对宗教团体如何定义他们的集体身份,以及他们如何追求摆脱制度规则、历史结构甚至性别语言约束的自由进行了有趣的思考。例如,Sophayo Kamrang Varah等人的文章《宗教对管理、支配和控制上帝的信仰对环境支持的影响》表明,精神和精神认同如何与社区与土地的关系以及祖先信仰体系的中心地位密切相关。这拒绝或拒绝了一个全能的上帝,并以自然的精神为中心,这是基于管理而不是统治。它还强调了文学和民间传说的重要性,即讲故事的形式,在建立这种集体身份方面,特别是在它如何影响本项目研究的唐胡尔-纳加社区的基督教身份方面。在其中两篇文章中,我们还继续关注叙事是如何发展的,特别是社区是如何分裂的,然后改写故事,建立更接近他们生活经历的身份。其中一篇文章是加布里埃尔·阿帕塔(Gabriel Apata)的《五旬节主义如何在美国作为一种抵抗种族压迫的形式出现》(How Pentecostalism Emerged as a form of Resistance to Racial Oppression in the US),该文认为五旬节是后殖民时代第一次有组织的黑人新教运动,并在非洲文化和黑人文化表现主义中找到了根源,特别是集中在刘易森的论点中,即经典的美国五旬节主义是从奴隶社区的宗教表达中发展出来的。Apata指出了五种文化影响:口头、神学和见证、最大限度地参与和包容梦想和愿景,以及身体和心灵之间的联系,这些都构成了这种草根和自发的神学。在提出这一论点的过程中,Apata的作品还与我们之前关于转变和越轨的编辑论点相联系,并要求我们考虑当我们以精神本体论为中心时会发生什么。Valentina Romanzi的《上帝说“同性恋权利”:好兆头粉丝中令人困惑的基督教神学》延续了这一主题,即打破叙事,以及宗教团体如何以草根或基于“人群”的形式表达叙事。罗曼齐的重点是作为集体文化和宗教场所的同人小说《2021》,第22卷,第1期,1-5页https://doi.org/10.1080/14755610.2021.2227308
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引用次数: 0
‘Skirting heaven, skirting hell’: the maternal perspective of Catholic women on abortion and the recent restrictions in abortion law in Poland “避开天堂,避开地狱”:天主教妇女对堕胎的母性观点和波兰最近对堕胎法的限制
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2022.2119266
J. Krotofil, Dominika Motak, Dorota Wójciak, Dagmara Mętel
ABSTRACT In this paper we explore how young Polish Catholic mothers navigate the dominant discourses on abortion in light of the recent tightening of legislation in Poland. We draw on theoretical considerations about the relationships between norms, subjectivity, agency and resistance and propose ‘maternal knowledge’ as a central concept for our analysis. Our data consists of twenty-eight in-depth interviews conducted with mothers who self-identify as Catholics. We demonstrate how individual women engage with the three authoritative knowledges on abortion, namely the legal framework, the teaching of the Catholic Church and the medical knowledge, and accept, reject or revise their main premises by mobilising the lived maternal knowledge. The results of our analysis challenge the widely shared identification of the Catholic faith with the ‘pro-life’ orientation and reveal the complexities and contradictions of individual stances, which are often inconsistent with the official teaching of the Church.
摘要在本文中,我们探讨了在波兰最近收紧立法的背景下,年轻的波兰天主教母亲如何驾驭堕胎的主流话语。我们借鉴了关于规范、主体性、能动性和抵抗之间关系的理论思考,并提出“母性知识”作为我们分析的中心概念。我们的数据包括对自称天主教徒的母亲进行的28次深入采访。我们展示了女性个体如何参与堕胎的三个权威知识,即法律框架、天主教会的教学和医学知识,并通过动员活的母亲知识来接受、拒绝或修改她们的主要前提。我们的分析结果挑战了人们普遍认同的天主教信仰与“反堕胎”取向,并揭示了个人立场的复杂性和矛盾性,而这些立场往往与教会的官方教义不一致。
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引用次数: 0
The Muslim: Islamophobia as disembodiment 穆斯林:伊斯兰恐惧症是一种分离
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2022.2125545
Ipsita Chatterjee
ABSTRACT Islamophobia is not just a fear of people ascribing to the religion of Islam, if that was the case simple religious conversions would erase hatred. In the world of surging Alt-Right movements, Islamophobia embodies racism, anti-migrant xenophobia, and orientalism. This article explores Alt-Right groups in the US and Europe, traces their ideological gurus, deconstructs political speeches, reports of rightwing think tanks to understand how Islamophobia is a process of disembodiment. Inspired by Bourdieu’s habitus, and feminist work on embodiment/disembodiment, this article argues that the Muslim narrative thoroughly disembodies the Muslim body. Disembodiment is annihilation before corporeal death ensues, the Muslim does not get to mark her corporeal and intellectual existence. Disembodiment nullifies the Muslim’s life, she is only valuable in death, because disembodiment reclaims her death as a vanquished terrorist, as a murdered jihadi, or a bombed city where weapons of mass destruction or uranium may have existed.
伊斯兰恐惧症不仅仅是害怕人们把伊斯兰教归为自己的宗教,如果是这样的话,简单的宗教皈依就能消除仇恨。在另类右翼运动汹涌澎湃的世界里,伊斯兰恐惧症体现了种族主义、反移民仇外心理和东方主义。本文探讨了美国和欧洲的另类右翼团体,追溯了他们的意识形态大师,解构了政治演讲和右翼智库的报告,以了解伊斯兰恐惧症是一个解体的过程。受布迪厄的“习惯”和女权主义关于具体化/非具体化的著作的启发,本文认为穆斯林的叙事彻底地消解了穆斯林的身体。分离是在肉体死亡之前的湮灭,穆斯林不能标记她的肉体和智力存在。分离使穆斯林的生命无效,她只有在死亡中才有价值,因为分离使她的死亡重新成为一个被征服的恐怖分子,一个被谋杀的圣战分子,或者一个被炸毁的城市,那里可能存在大规模杀伤性武器或铀。
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引用次数: 1
From nearly white to brown: nation, identity, and the racialization of Muslim Americans 从近乎白人到棕色:国家、身份和穆斯林美国人的种族化
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2022.2136225
A. A. Barreto, Omar K. Sindi
ABSTRACT Scholars debate elites’ capacity to shape the parameters of national belonging. Hard constructivists believe elites have tremendous leverage, while soft constructivists caution that elites face severe constraints in this process. We address this debate in our study of Muslim Americans. Recently political elites tried to integrate Muslim Americans by expanding an ascriptive interpretation of American identity: from WASP, to white Christian, to pan-Abrahamic. This attempted incorporation was met by a potent wave of Islamophobia after 11 September 2001. One consequence of this rejection was an increasing number of Muslim Americans identifying themselves as, and being perceived by others as, people of colour. Elites underestimated deeply-entrenched beliefs that resist expanding American-ness beyond white Christians. They face fewer constraints integrating new groups into the non-white category. We contend the debate over hard and soft construction must be circumscribed by the particular aspects or features elites are attempting to objectify.
学者们争论精英们塑造国家归属参数的能力。硬建构主义者认为精英具有巨大的影响力,而软建构主义者则警告精英在这一过程中面临严重的制约。我们在对美国穆斯林的研究中谈到了这一争论。最近,政治精英们试图通过扩展对美国身份的抽象解释来整合穆斯林美国人:从WASP到白人基督徒,再到泛亚伯拉罕。2001年9月11日之后,这种试图合并的做法遭到了强烈的伊斯兰恐惧症浪潮的冲击。这种拒绝的一个后果是,越来越多的穆斯林美国人认为自己是有色人种,并被其他人视为有色人种。精英们低估了根深蒂固的信仰,这些信仰抵制将美国人的身份扩大到白人基督徒之外。他们将新的群体整合到非白人类别中所面临的限制更少。我们认为,关于硬结构和软结构的辩论必须受到精英们试图客观化的特定方面或特征的限制。
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引用次数: 0
Transitions in culture and religion II: body, agency and “telling our stories” 文化与宗教的变迁II:身体、能动性和“讲述我们的故事”
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2023.2176732
Federico Settler, Anupama M Ranawana
of
属于的
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引用次数: 0
The Last Women Oracles: From the Land of Bharanipattu 最后的女性神谕:来自巴拉尼帕图的土地
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2022.2130949
B. Justin, Meenakshi Ms
ABSTRACT In Kerala, a three-thousand-year history of the cult of Mother Goddess worship and women priesthood in Kodungallur, the former historical port of Muziris, points directly to the last women oracles of Kerala. Kodungallur has the unique tradition of Bharanipattu (singing profanities and dancing, on the day of Meena Bharani) every year and once a year, the female oracles from all over Kerala travel to the Kodungallur temple to worship Kodungallur Bhagavati, or Kurumba Devi, the manifestation of the furious Lord Kali, the central deity of all Mother Goddesses in Kerala temples. This paper attempts to listen to the narratives of the last of the oracles to retrieve their muffled, mysterious, and almost erased voices from folktales, anecdotes, folksongs and other forms of oral and written literature.
摘要在喀拉拉邦,穆齐里斯的前历史港口科登加勒尔三千年来对母亲女神崇拜和女性神职的崇拜,直接指向了喀拉拉邦最后的女性神谕。Kodungalull有着独特的Bharanipatu传统(在Meena Bharani日唱脏话和跳舞),每年都会有一次,来自喀拉拉邦各地的女神谕前往Kodungaloll寺庙,崇拜Kodungallor Bhagavati或Kurumba Devi,这是愤怒的Kali勋爵的化身,她是喀拉拉邦寺庙中所有女神的中心神。本文试图倾听最后一位神谕的叙述,从民间故事、轶事、民歌和其他形式的口头和书面文学中找回他们低沉、神秘、几乎被抹去的声音。
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引用次数: 1
‘Me I no go suffer’: Christian songs and prosperity gospel among Yoruba Pentecostals in Southwest Nigeria “我不受苦”:尼日利亚西南部约鲁巴五旬节派基督徒的基督教歌曲和成功福音
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14755610.2022.2140173
Toyin Samuel Ajose
ABSTRACT Songs are used to enshrine social and religious ideologies among members of any society whether traditional or modern. In the Christian domain, there exist varieties of theologies and doctrines through which Christian values and virtues are taught and propagated. The prosperity gospel is one of such doctrines and it has received growing interest among scholars in African Pentecostalism, especially in Nigeria. While extant literature has focused largely on the religious, social and economic contributions to the growth and spread of prosperity gospel, the role of music, particularly songs, in the discourse of prosperity theology is yet to be explored. Hence, this paper discusses how Christian prayer songs are used to circulate the prosperity gospel among Yoruba Pentecostals in Nigeria. Data for this study were collected from selected popular Christian prayer songs in southwestern Nigeria which were then analysed. This article submits that Yoruba Pentecostals, in addition to diverse biblical engagements on prosperity themes, have always creatively employed Christian prayer songs in their hermeneutics of prosperity gospel within their cultural praxis.
无论是传统社会还是现代社会,歌曲都被用来向社会成员传达社会和宗教意识形态。在基督教领域,存在着各种各样的神学和教义,通过这些神学和教义,基督教的价值观和美德被教导和传播。成功福音就是这样的教义之一,它在非洲的五旬节派学者中引起了越来越多的兴趣,尤其是在尼日利亚。虽然现存的文献主要集中在宗教、社会和经济对成功神学的增长和传播的贡献上,但音乐,特别是歌曲,在成功神学的话语中所扮演的角色还有待探索。因此,本文讨论了基督教祈祷歌曲是如何在尼日利亚约鲁巴五旬节派中传播成功福音的。这项研究的数据是从尼日利亚西南部选定的流行基督教祈祷歌曲中收集的,然后对其进行分析。这篇文章提出,约鲁巴五旬节派,除了不同的圣经参与繁荣的主题,一直创造性地使用基督教祈祷歌曲在他们的文化实践中成功福音的解释学。
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引用次数: 0
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Culture and Religion
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