{"title":"The Deviant Prison: Philadelphia's Eastern State Penitentiary and the Origins of America's Modern Penal System, 1892–1913 by Ashley T. Rubin (review)","authors":"Morgan Shahan","doi":"10.1353/jer.2022.0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"42 1","pages":"656 - 659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46383901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Does Dishman’s work have a place in the historiography of 1812? Yes, it does. For those who want to read about the war on the northern border without devoting time to other and less impor tant theaters or to the conflict’s domestic or diplomatic history, this work offers a reasonable option. Dishman’s story moves along at a reasonable pace, and although he might have done a little more to highlight the role of Native Americans, he effectively covers the British and American sides of the story. Hence, readers will finish with a decent sense of the course of this inconclusive war along the long and exposed Canadian– American border.
{"title":"Engineering Expansion: The U.S. Army and Economic Development, 1787–1860 by William D. Adler (review)","authors":"Andrew J. B. Fagal","doi":"10.1353/jer.2022.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0082","url":null,"abstract":"Does Dishman’s work have a place in the historiography of 1812? Yes, it does. For those who want to read about the war on the northern border without devoting time to other and less impor tant theaters or to the conflict’s domestic or diplomatic history, this work offers a reasonable option. Dishman’s story moves along at a reasonable pace, and although he might have done a little more to highlight the role of Native Americans, he effectively covers the British and American sides of the story. Hence, readers will finish with a decent sense of the course of this inconclusive war along the long and exposed Canadian– American border.","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"41 5","pages":"629 - 634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41303874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In history, as in all disciplines, scholarship has over the past several decades been shaped increasingly by the emergence of what has been called "academic capitalism," which has reshaped universities in accordance with market logic and market priorities. This order is characterized most vividly by the emergence of a system of stark and increasing inequality between a relatively privileged minority of institutions and professors, themselves internally differentiated and besieged, and a growing mass that lacks the security and resources to engage in scholarship. The advent of academic capitalism and the consequent bifurcation and stratification of the professoriate and the deterioration of its power and conditions of work inevitably have a profound impact on who enters the profession, on who will teach and write history and, ultimately, on what and whose histories will be studied. For the first time in many decades historians may need to justify to both our students and the broader public not only our right and responsibility to determine what constitutes historical knowledge but also the very existence of our discipline as something other than the inculcation of patriotic and cultural values. In addItion, the logic of academic capitalism, with its expanding segmentation of faculty work and its stress on measuring, assessment, and quantification, has pushed everyone to be more competitive and focused on productivity. These developments pose a major threat not only to the academic freedom of individual scholars but to scholarship itself.
{"title":"Introduction: Academic Capitalism and the Crisis of the Professoriate","authors":"Henry Reichman","doi":"10.1353/jer.2022.0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In history, as in all disciplines, scholarship has over the past several decades been shaped increasingly by the emergence of what has been called \"academic capitalism,\" which has reshaped universities in accordance with market logic and market priorities. This order is characterized most vividly by the emergence of a system of stark and increasing inequality between a relatively privileged minority of institutions and professors, themselves internally differentiated and besieged, and a growing mass that lacks the security and resources to engage in scholarship. The advent of academic capitalism and the consequent bifurcation and stratification of the professoriate and the deterioration of its power and conditions of work inevitably have a profound impact on who enters the profession, on who will teach and write history and, ultimately, on what and whose histories will be studied. For the first time in many decades historians may need to justify to both our students and the broader public not only our right and responsibility to determine what constitutes historical knowledge but also the very existence of our discipline as something other than the inculcation of patriotic and cultural values. In addItion, the logic of academic capitalism, with its expanding segmentation of faculty work and its stress on measuring, assessment, and quantification, has pushed everyone to be more competitive and focused on productivity. These developments pose a major threat not only to the academic freedom of individual scholars but to scholarship itself.","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"42 1","pages":"543 - 555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44585291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
and private papers in order to understand the formative moment. Despite the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, Lewis noted that the clause’s residual constructions of American identity linger on in the national mind. In her conceptualization of the past, the ThreeFifths Clause is a shadow that proves hard to shake. “And it is in this space, between expansive and capacious notions of citizenship and the backward pull of history and custom, written in circumlocutions that mask the operations of power, that American history continues to be made,” she wrote, thereby inviting further study. Jan Ellen Lewis’s early Amer i ca still holds worlds to explore.
{"title":"America's Religious Crossroads: Faith and Community in the Emerging Midwest by Stephen T. Kissel (review)","authors":"Marcus Gallo","doi":"10.1353/jer.2022.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0089","url":null,"abstract":"and private papers in order to understand the formative moment. Despite the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, Lewis noted that the clause’s residual constructions of American identity linger on in the national mind. In her conceptualization of the past, the ThreeFifths Clause is a shadow that proves hard to shake. “And it is in this space, between expansive and capacious notions of citizenship and the backward pull of history and custom, written in circumlocutions that mask the operations of power, that American history continues to be made,” she wrote, thereby inviting further study. Jan Ellen Lewis’s early Amer i ca still holds worlds to explore.","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"42 1","pages":"650 - 653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45670716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"French St. Louis: Landscape, Contexts, and Legacy ed. by Jay Gitlin, Robert Michael Morrissey, and Peter J. Kastor (review)","authors":"Justin M. Carroll","doi":"10.1353/jer.2022.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"42 1","pages":"662 - 665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48292156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nearly eighty years ago, Herbert Aptheker published American Negro Slave Revolts, a seminal work that effectively demolished the once prevailing interpretation among white scholars that slaves in the United States were mostly docile and content. He cata logued hundreds of plots and conspiracies before confiding to the reader, “it is highly probable that all plots, and quite possibly even all actual outbreaks, that did occur, and that are, somewhere, on rec ord, have not been uncovered.”1 Since its publication, Aptheker’s book has led to hundreds of excavations into the vari ous insurrections and conspiracies in British North Amer i ca and the United States. It is a testament to the difficulty of resurrecting stories of enslaved people’s re sis tance that historians are still recovering them. Jeff Strickland’s recent book All for Liberty is among the most recent. By stitching together fragments from local newspapers, court rec ords, published travel accounts, abolitionist periodicals, and a handful of manuscript collections, he reconstructs the story of Nicholas, an enslaved carpenter, who led a fullscale insurrection while incarcerated in the Charleston work house in 1849. The first three numbered chapters primarily serve as context, alternating between broad themes of Atlantic history and the specific mechanisms of slave discipline in Charleston. His first and third chapters— “Slave Insurrections in the Age of Revolutions” and “Urban Slavery,” respectively— will be especially helpful for readers new to the subjects or for teachers introducing the topic to undergraduate students. Strickland does well to highlight the barbarity of urban enslavement, particularly in Charleston. Chapter 2 chronicles the development and operations of the Charleston work house, a novel technology in ven ted and implemented to punish and discipline the local slave workforce. Chapters 4–6 provide backstory for the rebellion’s ringleader and recount the events of the day in which the rebellion occurred. Nicholas, a supremely skilled and welltraveled enslaved carpenter, became increasingly radicalized during and after his trip to New Orleans. His skill, his
大约80年前，赫伯特·阿普塞克(Herbert Aptheker)出版了《美国黑人奴隶起义》(American Negro Slave Revolts)，这是一部开创性的著作，它有效地推翻了白人学者曾经盛行的一种解释，即美国的奴隶大多温顺而满足。他记录了数百个阴谋和阴谋，然后向读者吐露，“很有可能所有的阴谋，甚至很有可能所有的实际爆发，都发生过，而且在某个地方，记录在案，还没有被发现。”自阿普塞克的书出版以来，人们对英属北美、加拿大和美国的各种叛乱和阴谋进行了数百次挖掘。历史学家仍在还原被奴役人民反抗的故事，这证明了重现这些故事的难度。杰夫·斯特里克兰(Jeff Strickland)的新书《一切为了自由》(All for Liberty)就是其中最新的一本。通过将当地报纸、法庭记录、出版的旅行记录、废奴主义期刊和少量手稿收集的碎片拼接在一起，他重建了尼古拉斯的故事，尼古拉斯是一个被奴役的木匠，他在1849年被监禁在查尔斯顿的工作场所时领导了一场全面的起义。前三章主要是作为背景，在大西洋历史的广泛主题和查尔斯顿奴隶纪律的具体机制之间交替。他的第一章和第三章——分别是“革命时代的奴隶起义”和“城市奴隶制”——对于初学这门学科的读者或向本科生介绍这门学科的教师来说，将会特别有帮助。思特里克兰德很好地突出了城市奴役的野蛮性，尤其是在查尔斯顿。第二章记载了查尔斯顿工作场所的发展和运作，这是一种发明和实施的新技术，用来惩罚和约束当地的奴隶劳动力。第4-6章提供了叛乱头目的背景故事，并叙述了叛乱发生当天的事件。尼古拉斯是一名技艺高超、游历广泛的奴隶木匠，在新奥尔良之旅期间和之后，他变得越来越激进。他的技巧，他的
{"title":"All for Liberty: The Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion of 1849 by Jeff Strickland (review)","authors":"M. Schoeppner","doi":"10.1353/jer.2022.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0085","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly eighty years ago, Herbert Aptheker published American Negro Slave Revolts, a seminal work that effectively demolished the once prevailing interpretation among white scholars that slaves in the United States were mostly docile and content. He cata logued hundreds of plots and conspiracies before confiding to the reader, “it is highly probable that all plots, and quite possibly even all actual outbreaks, that did occur, and that are, somewhere, on rec ord, have not been uncovered.”1 Since its publication, Aptheker’s book has led to hundreds of excavations into the vari ous insurrections and conspiracies in British North Amer i ca and the United States. It is a testament to the difficulty of resurrecting stories of enslaved people’s re sis tance that historians are still recovering them. Jeff Strickland’s recent book All for Liberty is among the most recent. By stitching together fragments from local newspapers, court rec ords, published travel accounts, abolitionist periodicals, and a handful of manuscript collections, he reconstructs the story of Nicholas, an enslaved carpenter, who led a fullscale insurrection while incarcerated in the Charleston work house in 1849. The first three numbered chapters primarily serve as context, alternating between broad themes of Atlantic history and the specific mechanisms of slave discipline in Charleston. His first and third chapters— “Slave Insurrections in the Age of Revolutions” and “Urban Slavery,” respectively— will be especially helpful for readers new to the subjects or for teachers introducing the topic to undergraduate students. Strickland does well to highlight the barbarity of urban enslavement, particularly in Charleston. Chapter 2 chronicles the development and operations of the Charleston work house, a novel technology in ven ted and implemented to punish and discipline the local slave workforce. Chapters 4–6 provide backstory for the rebellion’s ringleader and recount the events of the day in which the rebellion occurred. Nicholas, a supremely skilled and welltraveled enslaved carpenter, became increasingly radicalized during and after his trip to New Orleans. His skill, his","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"42 1","pages":"640 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42898804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay reviews the efforts of modern historians to explain the rise and development of capitalism in the early United States. Often assumed to be synonymous with democracy and freedom, capitalism as a system of social and economic organization has presented historians with an interpretive dilemma—suggested by the allusion to "the genie and the troll." The rich historiography from the 20th and early 21st centuries is surveyed here.
{"title":"The Genie and the Troll: Capitalism in the Early American Republic","authors":"J. L. Larson","doi":"10.1353/jer.2022.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay reviews the efforts of modern historians to explain the rise and development of capitalism in the early United States. Often assumed to be synonymous with democracy and freedom, capitalism as a system of social and economic organization has presented historians with an interpretive dilemma—suggested by the allusion to \"the genie and the troll.\" The rich historiography from the 20th and early 21st centuries is surveyed here.","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"42 1","pages":"589 - 622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49588809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
spending of the kind that should repulse any taxpayer. Ships that had their keels laid and then languished for years. Repairs begun but never completed. Some $200,000 appropriated to repair a ship in such bad condition it had to be broken up (73). The most outrageous case was the USS Pennsylvania, a 120gun shipoftheline, by far the biggest in the U.S. fleet. First approved in 1816, its construction began in 1822, then stopped, until Congress allocated money to finish it in 1837, just as Jackson was leaving office. The money could have been used to build eigh teen sloops and schooners instead (90). Though meant to show the flag abroad, it never left the U.S., becoming a rotting hulk of a monument to bigship vanity and porkbarrel politics. Berube has written an impor tant book in American naval and maritime history. Any scholar plying these waters, of what ever period, should put On Wide Seas at the top of their reading list. The book also uncovers an aspect of Jackson’s presidency that is all too often overlooked. Jackson did understand the navy, and he did use it effectively given his goals. Possibly, Jackson may have even liked the navy, too.
{"title":"Rival Visions: How the Views of Jefferson and His Contemporaries Defined the Early American Republic ed. by Dustin A. Gish and Andrew Bibby (review)","authors":"D. Norwood","doi":"10.1353/jer.2022.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0084","url":null,"abstract":"spending of the kind that should repulse any taxpayer. Ships that had their keels laid and then languished for years. Repairs begun but never completed. Some $200,000 appropriated to repair a ship in such bad condition it had to be broken up (73). The most outrageous case was the USS Pennsylvania, a 120gun shipoftheline, by far the biggest in the U.S. fleet. First approved in 1816, its construction began in 1822, then stopped, until Congress allocated money to finish it in 1837, just as Jackson was leaving office. The money could have been used to build eigh teen sloops and schooners instead (90). Though meant to show the flag abroad, it never left the U.S., becoming a rotting hulk of a monument to bigship vanity and porkbarrel politics. Berube has written an impor tant book in American naval and maritime history. Any scholar plying these waters, of what ever period, should put On Wide Seas at the top of their reading list. The book also uncovers an aspect of Jackson’s presidency that is all too often overlooked. Jackson did understand the navy, and he did use it effectively given his goals. Possibly, Jackson may have even liked the navy, too.","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"42 1","pages":"636 - 639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43518790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lindsay Schakenbach Regele, Kristin O’Brassill-Kulfan, Gregg L. Frazer
{"title":"The Folly of Revolution: Thomas Bradbury Chandler and the Loyalist Mind in a Democratic Age by S. Scott Rohrer (review)","authors":"Lindsay Schakenbach Regele, Kristin O’Brassill-Kulfan, Gregg L. Frazer","doi":"10.1353/jer.2022.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"42 1","pages":"623 - 626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42818716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay examines the obstacles to scholarly production faced by history instructors outside of the tenure track. The author argues that the global disruption of academic work caused by the Covid-19 pandemic illuminates some of these structural barriers, and especially the role of uncertainty about future employment. The essay then asks whether some of the accommodations offered during the pandemic could be adapted to help adjuncts and other contingent faculty contribute to the historical discipline and publish more original research.
{"title":"Lessons from the Year without Archives","authors":"S. Finger","doi":"10.1353/jer.2022.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2022.0075","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay examines the obstacles to scholarly production faced by history instructors outside of the tenure track. The author argues that the global disruption of academic work caused by the Covid-19 pandemic illuminates some of these structural barriers, and especially the role of uncertainty about future employment. The essay then asks whether some of the accommodations offered during the pandemic could be adapted to help adjuncts and other contingent faculty contribute to the historical discipline and publish more original research.","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"42 1","pages":"567 - 569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48933246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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