JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY最新文献

The relationship between tuakana and teina (the older and younger sibling or cousin of same sex) is the tumu (foundation, origin, cause) of rank in eastern Polynesia. By examining historical documents from selected island societies, namely, Mangaia and Aotearoa, we can understand the dynamics of this relationship as part of their world-view. Normally tuakana and teina had close, cooperative, mutually respectful and loyal relationships; the teina supporting their elder. Sometimes, however, the moral balance between them was affected either by one of them acting inappropriately towards the other, or by hostile acts from others. To remedy these threats to social cohesion, various strategies were adopted, including peace-making, flight or spatial separation, or fighting. Stories about this relationship continue to serve as the tumu for today's younger generations.

This paper is a synoptic history of racial geography in the 'fifth part of the world' or Oceania - an extended region embracing what are now Australia, Island Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, Aotearoa/New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. The period in question stretches from classical antiquity to the Enlightenment, to focus on the consolidation of European racial thinking with the marriage of geography and raciology in the early 19th century. The paper investigates the naming of places by Europeans and its ultimate entanglement with their racial classifications of people. The formulation of geographical and anthropological knowledge is located at the interface of metropolitan discourses and local experience. This necessitates unpacking the relationships between, on the one hand, the deductive reasoning of metropolitan savants, and, on the other hand, the empirical logic of voyagers and settlers who had visited or lived in particular places, encountered their inhabitants, and been exposed, often unwittingly, to indigenous agency and knowledge.

Between the 1950s and the 1970s, New Caledonian politics were dominated by one major party, the Union Calédonienne (UC), supported by the vast majority of Kanak voters and a crucial minority of European voters. In retrospect, the multicultural project of the UC under the rubric 'two colours, one people' can seem quite surprising, as it was elaborated less than ten years after the end of a particularly oppressive colonial era and three decades before the emergence of radical Kanak demands for decolonisation. This paper analyses the ambiguous relationships between the UC and New Caledonia's colonial heritage through a micro-historical sociology of the party in the rural commune of Koné (northwest coast) that draws on both archival research and interviews. With regard to both colonial and socio-economic cleavages, the paper retraces the individual and collective trajectories of UC militants and elected members of the mairie (municipal council), to gain a better understanding of the local electoral success of the party. On the scale of Koné, the UC relied in practice on a complex articulation between diverse social logics of political affiliation: across colonial frontiers, within and among Kanak communities, 'little settlers' (petits colons), merchants, mining workers, and 'white' (or not so 'white') local populations.

There is relatively scant evidence of the Indigenous production and consumption of intoxicating drinks on the Australian mainland prior to the arrival of outsiders. Although Australian Aboriginal peoples had mastered fermentation in some regions, the Indigenous manufacture of much stronger drinks by distillation was unknown on the Australian mainland. However, following contact with Pacific Island and Southeast Asian peoples in the 19th century, Islanders in the Torres Strait adopted techniques for fermenting and distilling what became a quasi-indigenous alcoholic drink known as tuba. This paper discusses the historical process of the diffusion of this substance as a result of labour migration and internationalisation in the Strait, and provides present-day accounts of tuba production from Torres Strait Islanders.