Pub Date : 1999-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349908572909
D. Scarr
{"title":"Communalism and a constitution: Fiji's general election of May 1999","authors":"D. Scarr","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"253-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349908572908
N. Maclellan
{"title":"The Noumea accord and Decolonisation in New Caledonia","authors":"N. Maclellan","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349908572891
Stephen A. Toth
Abstract There was a growing belief among 19th century French social theorists that the urban‐industrial milieu, with its poverty and social dislocation, was a breeding ground for criminal activity. Such opinions led legislators to remove the malfeasor, convicted of either felonies or repeated misdemeanours, from this urban environment, and relocate him to the distant land of New Caledonia where he would be restored to a moral life by serving in France's colonial project. Through his hard labour he would pay his debt to the mother country while simultaneously increasing the domain of her rule. Thus, penal colonisation was seen as not simply the banishment of dangerous and undesirable individuals, but a process of re‐socialisation that would eventually allow for their re‐insertion in civil society. This article examines how the penal‐colonial mission was transmuted by colonial officials and penal administrators. Analysis of the internal memoranda and correspondence between these two groups uncovers a funda...
{"title":"Colonisation or incarceration? The changing role of the French penal colony in fin‐de‐siecle New Caledonia","authors":"Stephen A. Toth","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572891","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There was a growing belief among 19th century French social theorists that the urban‐industrial milieu, with its poverty and social dislocation, was a breeding ground for criminal activity. Such opinions led legislators to remove the malfeasor, convicted of either felonies or repeated misdemeanours, from this urban environment, and relocate him to the distant land of New Caledonia where he would be restored to a moral life by serving in France's colonial project. Through his hard labour he would pay his debt to the mother country while simultaneously increasing the domain of her rule. Thus, penal colonisation was seen as not simply the banishment of dangerous and undesirable individuals, but a process of re‐socialisation that would eventually allow for their re‐insertion in civil society. This article examines how the penal‐colonial mission was transmuted by colonial officials and penal administrators. Analysis of the internal memoranda and correspondence between these two groups uncovers a funda...","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"59-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59058091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349908572915
B. Lal
{"title":"Bound for the colonies: A view of Indian indentured emigration in 1905","authors":"B. Lal","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572915","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"307-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349908572901
Benny Giay
Abstract This paper balances an earlier study of the life of Zakheus Pakage, an indigenous religious leader among the Me of the Paniai Lakes region of Irian Jaya, with a brief account of the life of one of his principal adversaries, Weakebo Mote. Weakebo's strategy during the 1930s and early 1940s of allying himself firmly with both the Catholic and Protestant missions is described. He also emerged as a key supporter of the Dutch colonial administration, whose officers he continued to assist during the Japanese occupation of the Paniai area. This strategy needs to be appreciated in the light of Weakebo's opposition to Zakheus, whose clan traditionally fought with Weakebo's clan, and whose message of an independent, indigenous church posed a threat to the basis of Weakebo's standing in the community.
{"title":"The conversion of weakebo: A big man of the me community in the 1930s","authors":"Benny Giay","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572901","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper balances an earlier study of the life of Zakheus Pakage, an indigenous religious leader among the Me of the Paniai Lakes region of Irian Jaya, with a brief account of the life of one of his principal adversaries, Weakebo Mote. Weakebo's strategy during the 1930s and early 1940s of allying himself firmly with both the Catholic and Protestant missions is described. He also emerged as a key supporter of the Dutch colonial administration, whose officers he continued to assist during the Japanese occupation of the Paniai area. This strategy needs to be appreciated in the light of Weakebo's opposition to Zakheus, whose clan traditionally fought with Weakebo's clan, and whose message of an independent, indigenous church posed a threat to the basis of Weakebo's standing in the community.","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349908572902
A. Ploeg
Amendments proposed, in 1955, to the section of the New Guinea Act dealing with the recognition and alienation of land under indigenous tenure in Dutch New Guinea led to open debate. Orthodox views on the land rights of colonial subjects in the Dutch East Indies, and the criticisms levelled at the colonial administration by the distinguished legal expert, C. van Vollenhoven, provide a context for appreciating the debate over land law in Dutch New Guinea. The failure of the 1928 Agrarian Commission to introduce legislative change saw Dutch New Guinea, in 1949, inherit land legislation that had been in place since the late 19th century. The criticisms of the 1955 proposals voiced by V.E. Korn, van Vollenhoven's successor at Leiden, lie at the centre of a debate which essentially turned upon differing visions over the future of Dutch New Guinea and the nature of the relationship between Dutch residents and the indigenous New Guineans.
1955年对《新几内亚法》中关于承认和转让荷属新几内亚土著土地的部分提出的修正案引发了公开辩论。关于荷属东印度群岛殖民地居民土地权的正统观点，以及著名法律专家C. van Vollenhoven对殖民行政当局的批评，为了解荷属新几内亚土地法的辩论提供了一个背景。1928年农业委员会未能引入立法改革，1949年荷属新几内亚继承了自19世纪末以来一直存在的土地立法。范·伏伦霍芬在莱顿的继任者V.E.科恩对1955年各项建议提出的批评是一场辩论的核心，这场辩论基本上是围绕荷属新几内亚的未来和荷兰居民与土著新几内亚人之间关系的性质的不同看法展开的。
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Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349908572899
C. Ballard
Abstract A brief review of the dominant genres of history available for the territory of West New Guinea suggests that the lack of community consultation by successive political rulers has been matched by a broad disregard for indigenous voices in the writing of history. West New Guinea remains a blank on the geopolitical map, a casualty of the boundary between Asia and the Pacific imagined by former colonial powers. The evolution of a cartographic profile for West New Guinea is revealing of first Dutch and then Indonesian strategic interests. A parallel history of contest over the naming of West New Guinea's parts indicates a broad awareness of the relationship between power and knowledge, and suggests that West New Guinea history in the post‐Suharto era might again be open for radical revision.
{"title":"Blanks in the writing: Possible histories for West New Guinea","authors":"C. Ballard","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572899","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A brief review of the dominant genres of history available for the territory of West New Guinea suggests that the lack of community consultation by successive political rulers has been matched by a broad disregard for indigenous voices in the writing of history. West New Guinea remains a blank on the geopolitical map, a casualty of the boundary between Asia and the Pacific imagined by former colonial powers. The evolution of a cartographic profile for West New Guinea is revealing of first Dutch and then Indonesian strategic interests. A parallel history of contest over the naming of West New Guinea's parts indicates a broad awareness of the relationship between power and knowledge, and suggests that West New Guinea history in the post‐Suharto era might again be open for radical revision.","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59058046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349908572903
Greg Poulgrain
Abstract Having relinquished sovereignty of the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia), Dutch colonial authorities retained the western half of New Guinea for another 13 years until American intervention in 1962. Only 5% of Dutch New Guinea was under administrative control at the time of Indonesian independence but, by 1962, it was unmistakably Dutch and, as such, the focus of a successful, anti‐colonial campaign mounted by President Sukarno. He and President Kennedy had conferred primarily for political reasons; neither was briefed on the potential bonanza of oil awaiting exploitation in the territory. Yet Royal Dutch Shell and Standard Oil were both aware of the presence of oil, as was the Japanese admiral in command of this area during World War II. It was not just Indonesian opposition, but also an unwitting alliance with this ‘oil intelligence’, that ultimately ousted the Dutch from New Guinea.
{"title":"Delaying the ‘discovery’ of oil in west new guinea","authors":"Greg Poulgrain","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572903","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Having relinquished sovereignty of the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia), Dutch colonial authorities retained the western half of New Guinea for another 13 years until American intervention in 1962. Only 5% of Dutch New Guinea was under administrative control at the time of Indonesian independence but, by 1962, it was unmistakably Dutch and, as such, the focus of a successful, anti‐colonial campaign mounted by President Sukarno. He and President Kennedy had conferred primarily for political reasons; neither was briefed on the potential bonanza of oil awaiting exploitation in the territory. Yet Royal Dutch Shell and Standard Oil were both aware of the presence of oil, as was the Japanese admiral in command of this area during World War II. It was not just Indonesian opposition, but also an unwitting alliance with this ‘oil intelligence’, that ultimately ousted the Dutch from New Guinea.","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"205-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349908572900
J. Pouwer
Abstract Dutch rule in West New Guinea can be described as an interregnum within a longer history of direct contacts between indigenous Papuans and other Indonesians. The early history of Dutch colonisation of West New Guinea is marked by a general indifference on the part of the authorities and a failure to commit significant resources. This history of early missionisation, exploration and gradual expansion of influence is contrasted with the much greater activity of the post‐1945 period, when Dutch attention was more sharply focused on New Guinea. During this period, Dutch perspectives on New Guinea shifted from plans for European settlement to the acknowledgement of an independent future for West Papua. A brief review of Indonesian attitudes towards Papuans helps to account for the nature of Indonesian rule in West New Guinea since 1962, a period which, in terms of its denial of benefits to Papuan people, might most accurately be described as a ‘recolonisation’.
{"title":"The colonisation, decolonisation and recolonisation of West New Guinea","authors":"J. Pouwer","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572900","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dutch rule in West New Guinea can be described as an interregnum within a longer history of direct contacts between indigenous Papuans and other Indonesians. The early history of Dutch colonisation of West New Guinea is marked by a general indifference on the part of the authorities and a failure to commit significant resources. This history of early missionisation, exploration and gradual expansion of influence is contrasted with the much greater activity of the post‐1945 period, when Dutch attention was more sharply focused on New Guinea. During this period, Dutch perspectives on New Guinea shifted from plans for European settlement to the acknowledgement of an independent future for West Papua. A brief review of Indonesian attitudes towards Papuans helps to account for the nature of Indonesian rule in West New Guinea since 1962, a period which, in terms of its denial of benefits to Papuan people, might most accurately be described as a ‘recolonisation’.","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"157-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572900","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59058992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349908572904
Jan A. Godschalk
{"title":"A.C. de Kock's encounter with the ‘Goliath pygmies’: The first ethnographic data from the Mek culture area in the Eastern Highlands of Irian Jaya","authors":"Jan A. Godschalk","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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