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Oceania: Curated by Nicholas Thomas and Peter Brunt. London, Royal Academy of Arts, 29 September–10 December 2018 大洋洲:由尼古拉斯·托马斯和彼得·布伦特策划。伦敦,皇家艺术学院,2018年9月29日至12月10日
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2019.1659530
Max Quanchi
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引用次数: 0
Microstoria, Pacific History, and the Question of Scale: Two or Three Things That We Should Know About Them 微观历史、太平洋历史和规模问题:关于它们我们应该知道的两三件事
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2017.1396570
Dario Di Rosa
ABSTRACT This article is prompted by the recent debate on the so-called crisis in the humanities, and the related call for historians to change direction by returning to history of the longue durée. While pointing out that the ‘crisis’ is more influenced by the changing political economy of the tertiary education sector than by specific historiographical practices, I suggest that small-scale analysis remains compatible with global history approaches. Articulating a parallel examination of Pacific historiography and the Italian variant of microhistory, the article argues that the latter provides fertile stimuli for Pacific history. In particular, I maintain that integrating social analysis can serve to counterbalance the over-emphasis on cultural aspects found in much Pacific historiography.
摘要:本文的写作灵感来自于近来关于所谓人文危机的争论,以及相关的呼吁,即历史学家应该改变方向,回归到历史的长河中去。虽然指出“危机”更多地受到高等教育部门不断变化的政治经济的影响,而不是具体的史学实践,但我建议小规模分析仍然与全球历史方法兼容。通过对太平洋史学和意大利微史变体的平行考察,本文认为后者为太平洋历史提供了丰富的刺激。特别是,我认为整合社会分析可以抵消在太平洋历史编纂中发现的对文化方面的过度强调。
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引用次数: 1
The Boxer Codex: transcription and translation of an illustrated late sixteenth-century Spanish manuscript concerning the geography, history and ethnography of the Pacific, South-east and East Asia 《义和团手抄本》:一份16世纪晚期西班牙手稿的抄写和翻译,内容涉及太平洋、东南亚和东亚的地理、历史和民族志
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2016.1250329
Andrea Ballesteros Danel
the nation as a whole. In ‘narratives of nation’, the author describes how the word ‘Kanak’ came to refer to the Melanesian people of New Caledonia. Derived from Hawaiian kanaka, meaning ‘person’, the word was initially used to refer to Pacific Islanders, but for the colonialists, it became a derogatory term. Kanak, however, started using it with a positive connotation to express and symbolise their unity as one national community and changed the spelling from the French ‘Canaque’ to ‘Kanak’ (pp. 40–45, 460). Another term, Caledonian, was initially used to refer to all the inhabitants of New Caledonia but has begun to be used more specifically for people of European descent, including those of mixed race, in preference to an older term, Caldoches. The differentiation of these terms and the complex ways they are used reflects the racial and cultural diversity of NewCaledonia and the changes in people’s perception of their identity. The author gives a detailed account of the evolving political relationship between France and New Caledonia and how recent political and social changes have led Kanak to develop and strengthen their sense of unity and accommodate new socio-political structures despite still being bound by blood relationships and traditions. Kanak identity is thus transforming and becoming multi-tiered. At the same time, political aspirations have changed from Kanak independence to the restoration of traditional rights and dignity as the Indigenous people of the island. The issues raised by the author are too numerous to discuss, but I would like to draw attention to the word ‘partner’, which the author uses several times. ‘Partner’ was a key word for the late Jean-Marie Tjibaou, a Kanak independence leader (pp. 223, 267), who said in 1985 that Kanak needed to regain sovereignty over their country and that sovereignty meant the right to choose partners. This evokes memories of first visits to tribus (reserves) and la coutume, a formalised greeting where the visitor offers the village chief a present and the chief responds with a standard discourse such as, ‘Thank you for visiting...Now that you have done this coutume, you will always be welcome here... ’ I believe this custom reflects the same spirit of accepting the other as a ‘partner’ and treating him or her as a trustworthy ally, an important act in Kanak society. Japan has a similar social practice, often described as uchi (inner circle), which is intimate and relaxed, as against soto (outer circle), which is more distant and formal. I recommend Edo’s publication very highly. It successfully depicts the complex nature of Kanak identity, which has been formed through a struggle against a colonial power to regain self-esteem and rights as autochthons. But Edo’s work goes further than merely describing the historical facts. Her numerous interviews are personal testimonies to how Kanak individuals perceive and feel about the changing world around them and how much they care about their
整个国家。在“民族叙事”中,作者描述了“卡纳克”一词是如何指代新喀里多尼亚的美拉尼西亚人的。这个词来源于夏威夷语kanaka,意思是“人”,最初用来指太平洋岛民,但对殖民主义者来说,它变成了一个贬义词。然而,卡纳克人开始用它来表达和象征他们作为一个民族共同体的团结,并将法语的“canque”拼写改为“Kanak”(第40 - 45,460页)。另一个词Caledonian最初用来指新喀里多尼亚的所有居民,但现在已经开始专门用来指欧洲血统的人,包括那些混血儿,而不是一个更古老的词Caldoches。这些术语的差异及其复杂的使用方式反映了新喀里多尼亚的种族和文化多样性以及人们对其身份的看法的变化。作者详细叙述了法国和新喀里多尼亚之间不断演变的政治关系,以及最近的政治和社会变化如何使卡纳克人发展和加强他们的团结意识,并适应新的社会政治结构,尽管他们仍然受到血缘关系和传统的束缚。因此,卡纳克人的身份正在转变并变得多层次。与此同时,政治愿望已从卡纳克人的独立转变为恢复该岛土著人民的传统权利和尊严。作者提出的问题太多了,无法讨论,但我想提请注意作者多次使用的“伙伴”一词。“伙伴”是已故卡纳克独立领袖让-马里·蒂巴乌(Jean-Marie Tjibaou)的关键词,他在1985年说,卡纳克需要重新获得对自己国家的主权,而主权意味着选择伙伴的权利。这唤起了人们对第一次访问tribus(保留区)和la coutume的记忆,这是一种正式的问候,游客向村长提供一份礼物,村长用标准的话语回应,例如,“感谢您的来访……既然你完成了这件服装,你在这里将永远受欢迎……“我相信这种习俗反映了同样的精神,即把对方当作‘伙伴’,把他或她当作值得信赖的盟友,这是卡纳克社会的重要行为。”日本也有类似的社会习俗,通常被称为uchi(内圈),这是亲密和放松的,而soto(外圈)则更疏远和正式。我非常推荐江户的出版物。它成功地描绘了卡纳克身份的复杂性质,卡纳克身份是通过与殖民势力的斗争而形成的,以重新获得作为土著的自尊和权利。但江户的作品远不止于描述历史事实。她对卡纳克人进行了大量采访,亲身见证了卡纳克人对周围不断变化的世界的看法和感受,以及他们对自己的土地、文化、语言和国家的关心程度。
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引用次数: 1
Expedition into Empire: exploratory journeys and the making of the modern world 远征帝国:探索之旅和现代世界的形成
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2015.1120909
Tracey Banivanua Mar
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引用次数: 0
The Ethnographic Experiment: A.M. Hocart and W.H.R. Rivers in Island Melanesia, 1908 民族志实验:上午霍卡特和W.H.R.里弗斯在美拉尼西亚岛,1908年
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2015-01-29 DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2015.1005549
Dario Di Rosa
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引用次数: 3
Treasured Possessions: Indigenous interventions into cultural and intellectual property 珍贵的财产:土著对文化和知识产权的干预
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2014-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2014.885178
T. van Meijl
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引用次数: 0
‘Melanesia’ “美拉尼西亚”
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2012.760839
S. Lawson
The term ‘Melanesia’ is a partly geographic, partly cultural referent to a subregion of the island Pacific that has become very much part of ordinary descriptive language along with terms categorising other parts of the Pacific island world, namely Polynesia and Micronesia. Yet ‘Melanesia’ is much more than a descriptor. The term has been loaded with significance in a variety of ways, carrying with it both negative and positive connotations. This paper provides an overview of the way in which the idea of Melanesia has developed, from its origins in racialist ethnography through to the postcolonial period. It suggests that, although a number of scholars now find the term problematic because of its historical associations with European exploration and colonisation and the racism embedded in these, ‘Melanesia’ has acquired a positive meaning and relevance for many of those to whom the term applies.
“美拉尼西亚”一词部分是地理上的,部分是文化上的,指的是太平洋岛屿的一个次区域,它已经成为普通描述性语言的一部分,与其他太平洋岛屿世界的分类术语一起,即波利尼西亚和密克罗尼西亚。然而,“美拉尼西亚”远不只是一个描述。这个词被赋予了各种各样的意义,既有消极的含义,也有积极的含义。本文概述了美拉尼西亚概念的发展方式,从种族主义民族志的起源到后殖民时期。这表明,尽管许多学者现在发现这个术语存在问题,因为它与欧洲的探索和殖民以及其中嵌入的种族主义有历史联系,但“美拉尼西亚”对许多使用该术语的人来说已经获得了积极的意义和相关性。
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引用次数: 31
Death Rituals and Identity in Contemporary Guam (Mariana Islands) 当代关岛(马里亚纳群岛)的死亡仪式和身份
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2012.743431
D. D. de Frutos, Alexandre Coello de la Rosa
Despite cross-cultural exchange and ethnic mixing over the last five centuries, Guam remains culturally a Chamorro society. Rather than stressing the ‘acculturative forces of colonialism’, this study focuses on the survival of Chamorro local traditions and identity by bringing death rituals and native Catholicism to the fore. This study corroborates the work of several scholars who have emphasised the vital role played by Chamorro women and female symbolism before and after Spanish contact. It adopts a theoretical position, well expressed by historian Vicente M. Diaz, which conceives colonialism as an ambivalent and fluid process, involving appropriation and creative syncretism on the part of the colonised.
尽管在过去五个世纪中进行了跨文化交流和种族混合,关岛在文化上仍然是一个查莫罗社会。本研究并没有强调“殖民主义的反文化力量”,而是将死亡仪式和本土天主教置于首位,重点关注查莫罗当地传统和身份的生存。这项研究证实了几位学者的工作,他们强调了查莫罗妇女和女性象征在西班牙接触前后所起的重要作用。它采用了历史学家维森特·m·迪亚兹(Vicente M. Diaz)很好地表达的理论立场,认为殖民主义是一个矛盾和流动的过程,涉及被殖民者的挪用和创造性融合。
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引用次数: 3
Two New Hebrides Mission Photograph Albums 两本新赫布里底教会相册
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2012.665207
Antje Lübcke
This paper focuses on two photograph albums held at the Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand archives in Dunedin, New Zealand, that relate to the Church's New Hebrides (Vanuatu) mission field. While it is acknowledged that photographs are valuable sources for the historian, photograph albums have not received the same level of critical attention. Taking the lead from the material turn in anthropology, this paper presents the object-story of the two New Hebrides albums, which means the albums themselves are placed under closer historical scrutiny within the context of both the Presbyterian mission in the New Hebrides and its imaging and propagation on New Zealand's shores. By approaching these albums as both collections of images and objects that traversed different social and physical spaces, their importance as part of the material and visual culture of the mission becomes clear.
本文的重点是在达尼丁,新西兰的奥特罗阿长老教会档案馆持有的两本相册,这涉及到教会的新赫布里底(瓦努阿图)传教领域。虽然人们承认照片对历史学家来说是宝贵的资料来源,但相册却没有受到同等程度的重视。从人类学的材料转向出发,本文介绍了两本新赫布里底群岛专辑的客观故事,这意味着专辑本身在新赫布里底群岛的长老会使命及其在新西兰海岸的成像和传播的背景下被置于更密切的历史审查之下。通过将这些相册作为图像和物体的集合,穿越不同的社会和物理空间,它们作为任务的物质和视觉文化的一部分的重要性变得清晰起来。
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引用次数: 4
Replenishing the Earth: the settler revolution and the rise of the Anglo-world, 1783–1939. By James Belich. 补充地球:移民革命和盎格鲁世界的崛起,1783-1939。詹姆斯·贝利奇著。
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2011.632953
Frank Bongiorno
policy making; and concludes that New Zealand did follow a distinctive (if not exceptional) path, a conclusion at odds with one of the book’s avowed intentions. It is at least debatable whether New Zealand’s historians have been as preoccupied as claimed with pursuing the elusive matter of ‘national identity’. A glance at the voluminous material produced for the Waitangi Tribunal, most of it based on a close and critical engagement with the archival and oral record, scarcely suggests any such preoccupation. And it certainly does not support the claim that historians have been prone to view the country’s history as unique, distinct or exceptional. Further, any reading of resource and conservation history and migration serves to demonstrate that New Zealand’s historians are well versed in similar areas of inquiry in other ‘regions of recent settlement’. The claim that the collection incorporates much of the research conducted since 1992 scarcely bears scrutiny. The many well-researched reports prepared as part of the Treaty of Waitangi settlement process have been practically ignored, a pity given the focused and determined effort which they represent to identify and unravel the processes of colonisation, disempowerment, and immiseration. Richard Boast’s excellent distillation of land loss on the part of Maori (Buying the Land, Selling the Land: governments and Maori land in the North Island, 1865–1921, 2008) rates no mention anywhere in the book. Further, those same studies express what is singularly lacking in this collection, namely, a sense of the regional and local. Also largely overlooked is the huge volume of family, local and regional history which has appeared in the last twenty years, much of it of great value. Has The New Oxford History of New Zealand succeeded in complicating our understanding of New Zealand’s past? Possibly, but partly on account of the conceptual wooliness apparent in some of the essays, and the use of social science jargon and assorted turgidities. Turning nouns into verbs and offering vague generalisations do not facilitate understanding, and if historical writing is not intended to inform a general readership, then, it may be asked, what is it for? Is the adjective ‘new’ justified? Not fully. Many of the themes explored are familiar, many of the interpretations offered have been offered before, and many of the conclusions reached are readily recognisable. Has the collection ‘destabilised’ the whole idea of a general history of New Zealand? It is to be hoped not, for a thorough new general history is something which in the post-Belich and the (almost) post-Treaty settlement era is greatly needed.
政策制定;并得出结论,新西兰确实走了一条与众不同(如果不是例外的话)的道路,这一结论与该书公开宣称的意图之一不符。新西兰的历史学家们是否像他们声称的那样专注于追求“民族认同”这个难以捉摸的问题,至少是有争议的。看一眼为怀唐伊法庭制作的大量材料,其中大部分是基于对档案和口头记录的密切和批判性的接触,几乎看不到任何这样的关注。它当然也不支持历史学家倾向于将这个国家的历史视为独特、独特或例外的说法。此外,任何对资源和保护历史以及移民的阅读都有助于证明新西兰的历史学家精通其他“最近定居地区”的类似调查领域。声称该收藏包含了自1992年以来进行的大部分研究的说法几乎经不起推究。作为《怀唐伊条约》(Treaty of Waitangi)解决进程的一部分,许多经过充分研究的报告实际上被忽视了,这令人遗憾,因为它们代表了确定和揭示殖民、剥夺权力和贫困过程的集中和坚定的努力。Richard自夸对毛利人土地损失的精辟总结(买地,卖地:北岛政府和毛利人的土地,1865-1921,2008)在书中没有任何地方被提及。此外,这些研究还表达了本汇编中特别缺乏的东西,即对区域和地方的认识。在很大程度上被忽视的还有近二十年来出现的大量家庭、地方和地区历史,其中大部分都很有价值。《新牛津新西兰史》成功地使我们对新西兰过去的理解复杂化了吗?有可能,但部分原因是一些文章中明显的概念模糊,以及使用社会科学术语和各种浮夸。把名词变成动词,提供模糊的概括,并不能促进理解,如果历史写作不是为了向普通读者提供信息,那么,人们可能会问,它的目的是什么?形容词new是正确的吗?不完全。书中探讨的许多主题都很熟悉,书中提供的许多解释以前也有人提出过,书中得出的许多结论也很容易辨认。这些藏品是否“动摇”了新西兰通史的整体观念?希望不是这样,因为在后贝利奇和(几乎)后《条约》解决时代,非常需要一部彻底的新的通史。
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引用次数: 0
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JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY
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