Pub Date : 2023-03-09eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hpr/159283
Kamila Misiołek, Magdalena Błażek
The effects of adverse childhood experiences may persist in adult life and manifest themselves in various areas of function-ing. The aim of the study was to identify the emotional and experiential factors that determine civilizational diseases and the methods of regulating emotions and functioning in society.The surveyed group was composed of 141 adults. The respondents defined the existence of adverse experiences and their attachment styles in retrospective. The methods of regulating emotions were also measured, as well as the presence of civilizational diseases.The authors found a correlation between the style of attachment and the traumatic events experienced during the first 18 years of life and the existence of civilizational diseases. Adverse experiences in childhood and attachment styles proved to be predictors of specific social behaviour aimed at regulating emotions.The results emphasised the importance of the bond with a parent and of traumatic childhood experiences for the future health condition and for the social and emotional functioning. The study demonstrated that persons who experienced traumatic events in their families or in the peer environment in the first 18 years of their lives reported the presence of civilizational diseases. A correlation was found between peer violence, the threat of being abandoned by a caregiver, and diagnosed civilizational diseases in respondents. The fearful-ambivalent style in the relationship with the father proved to be a predictor of reported civilizational diseases. Adverse childhood experiences are linked to regulating emotions by tak-ing perspective. The attachment style developed in the relationship with parents determined the ways of regulating nega-tive and positive emotions in contact with other people. Persons who developed an avoidant attachment style in the rela-tionships with the mother or the father less frequently seek social support when they experience negative emotions.
{"title":"Emotional and experiential factors that determine civilizational diseases.","authors":"Kamila Misiołek, Magdalena Błażek","doi":"10.5114/hpr/159283","DOIUrl":"10.5114/hpr/159283","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of adverse childhood experiences may persist in adult life and manifest themselves in various areas of function-ing. The aim of the study was to identify the emotional and experiential factors that determine civilizational diseases and the methods of regulating emotions and functioning in society.The surveyed group was composed of 141 adults. The respondents defined the existence of adverse experiences and their attachment styles in retrospective. The methods of regulating emotions were also measured, as well as the presence of civilizational diseases.The authors found a correlation between the style of attachment and the traumatic events experienced during the first 18 years of life and the existence of civilizational diseases. Adverse experiences in childhood and attachment styles proved to be predictors of specific social behaviour aimed at regulating emotions.The results emphasised the importance of the bond with a parent and of traumatic childhood experiences for the future health condition and for the social and emotional functioning. The study demonstrated that persons who experienced traumatic events in their families or in the peer environment in the first 18 years of their lives reported the presence of civilizational diseases. A correlation was found between peer violence, the threat of being abandoned by a caregiver, and diagnosed civilizational diseases in respondents. The fearful-ambivalent style in the relationship with the father proved to be a predictor of reported civilizational diseases. Adverse childhood experiences are linked to regulating emotions by tak-ing perspective. The attachment style developed in the relationship with parents determined the ways of regulating nega-tive and positive emotions in contact with other people. Persons who developed an avoidant attachment style in the rela-tionships with the mother or the father less frequently seek social support when they experience negative emotions.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"32 1","pages":"213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81453176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2023.2175722
Mathias Mølbak Ingholt
ABSTRACT From 1826 and the six years following, Denmark underwent a severe mortality crisis. The conventional understanding is that it was caused by a malaria epidemic, although recent literature has challenged this. This study examines the demographic and clinical features of this mortality crisis to understand it further. The crisis began in Langeland in 1826 and spread throughout most of Zealand and Lolland-Falster in the following years with a dramatic culmination in the autumn of 1831. In addition to a lethal measles and scarlet fever epidemics in the spring of 1829, the affected regions experienced returning lethal epidemics during harvest in this period. The complex of symptoms during these epidemics resembles enteric infections such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid or E. coli, and typhus fever. In the same period, Denmark also underwent a subsistence crisis from several years with crop failures. The mortality crisis, and namely the harvest epidemics, was probably related to this subsistence crisis. A scarcity of fresh food meant that the rural population ate contaminated food products, making them ill. The crisis thereby exemplifies the synergetic relationship between epidemics and subsistence crises that were common before the breakthrough of the demographic transition in the 19th century.
{"title":"The last hunger years? The 1826–1832 mortality crisis in Denmark","authors":"Mathias Mølbak Ingholt","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2023.2175722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2023.2175722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT From 1826 and the six years following, Denmark underwent a severe mortality crisis. The conventional understanding is that it was caused by a malaria epidemic, although recent literature has challenged this. This study examines the demographic and clinical features of this mortality crisis to understand it further. The crisis began in Langeland in 1826 and spread throughout most of Zealand and Lolland-Falster in the following years with a dramatic culmination in the autumn of 1831. In addition to a lethal measles and scarlet fever epidemics in the spring of 1829, the affected regions experienced returning lethal epidemics during harvest in this period. The complex of symptoms during these epidemics resembles enteric infections such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid or E. coli, and typhus fever. In the same period, Denmark also underwent a subsistence crisis from several years with crop failures. The mortality crisis, and namely the harvest epidemics, was probably related to this subsistence crisis. A scarcity of fresh food meant that the rural population ate contaminated food products, making them ill. The crisis thereby exemplifies the synergetic relationship between epidemics and subsistence crises that were common before the breakthrough of the demographic transition in the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"480 - 502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46270407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2023.2171477
Harald Gustafsson
ABSTRACT Drawing theoretic inspiration from the spatial turn within humanities, this article attempts to develop methods for studying placemaking in news media. This is done by a case study of the newspaper Þjóðviljinn, published in Ísafjörður, Iceland, in the late nineteenth century. The concept ‘banal placemaking’ is suggested for the kinds of spatial conceptions that occur in the paper without the explicit aim of creating an image of a place. When reading the paper in this way, a multitude of places and counter-places occur in the text. The town is contrasted with the countryside, the region with Reykjavík, and Iceland with Denmark. Icelandic spatial conceptions changed with urbanization and the coming of new regional centres.
{"title":"Banal placemaking: spatial conceptions in an Icelandic provincial newspaper in the 1880s","authors":"Harald Gustafsson","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2023.2171477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2023.2171477","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drawing theoretic inspiration from the spatial turn within humanities, this article attempts to develop methods for studying placemaking in news media. This is done by a case study of the newspaper Þjóðviljinn, published in Ísafjörður, Iceland, in the late nineteenth century. The concept ‘banal placemaking’ is suggested for the kinds of spatial conceptions that occur in the paper without the explicit aim of creating an image of a place. When reading the paper in this way, a multitude of places and counter-places occur in the text. The town is contrasted with the countryside, the region with Reykjavík, and Iceland with Denmark. Icelandic spatial conceptions changed with urbanization and the coming of new regional centres.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"299 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43810348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2022.2067223
Martina Koegeler-Abdi
ABSTRACT This article examines the role of secrecy in relations between the NSU, the largest Danish national socialist youth organization, and parents. The NSU struggled to recruit and retain members from Danish families with and without national socialist convictions. By analysing how NSU media and internal correspondence framed parents’ reluctance to join, this article traces the changing functions of NSU secrecy practices towards parents over time. Parents in Denmark could resist their children’s membership during the German occupation as well, which prompted the NSU to use different secrecy practices to either circumvent or facilitate parental consent. In doing so, the organization had to engage with and across practices of family secrecy. This engagement offers new perspectives on everyday collaboration in occupied Denmark, as well as more general insights into the practical and conceptual tensions between national socialist youth work and parental authority.
{"title":"Parents and the NSU: Secrecy in National Socialist Youth Work in Denmark, 1932-1945","authors":"Martina Koegeler-Abdi","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2022.2067223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2022.2067223","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the role of secrecy in relations between the NSU, the largest Danish national socialist youth organization, and parents. The NSU struggled to recruit and retain members from Danish families with and without national socialist convictions. By analysing how NSU media and internal correspondence framed parents’ reluctance to join, this article traces the changing functions of NSU secrecy practices towards parents over time. Parents in Denmark could resist their children’s membership during the German occupation as well, which prompted the NSU to use different secrecy practices to either circumvent or facilitate parental consent. In doing so, the organization had to engage with and across practices of family secrecy. This engagement offers new perspectives on everyday collaboration in occupied Denmark, as well as more general insights into the practical and conceptual tensions between national socialist youth work and parental authority.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"71 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49595494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2022.2147215
Mari Bjorkman
ABSTRACT This article analyses how economic support and social benefits for thalidomide-affected children were negotiated and organized by both public and private actors in 1960s Sweden. Accounts from various archives are used to analyse how two different but coexisting understandings of disability – as a medical and a social problem – both influenced and underpinned not only the rehabilitation of The Swedish programme arranged for the affected children, but also the associated economic support. Contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the formation welfare solutions in the 1960s and to the intersecting research fields of the history of medicine and disability history, this article also advances our knowledge of the concept of ‘normalization’ and fosters insights into how the Swedish thalidomide scandal contributed to increased economic support for both the thalidomide affected and other groups of disabled children.
{"title":"The cost of normalization: the thalidomide affected and the welfare state","authors":"Mari Bjorkman","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2022.2147215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2022.2147215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses how economic support and social benefits for thalidomide-affected children were negotiated and organized by both public and private actors in 1960s Sweden. Accounts from various archives are used to analyse how two different but coexisting understandings of disability – as a medical and a social problem – both influenced and underpinned not only the rehabilitation of The Swedish programme arranged for the affected children, but also the associated economic support. Contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the formation welfare solutions in the 1960s and to the intersecting research fields of the history of medicine and disability history, this article also advances our knowledge of the concept of ‘normalization’ and fosters insights into how the Swedish thalidomide scandal contributed to increased economic support for both the thalidomide affected and other groups of disabled children.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"341 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45082962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2022.2144439
J. Siltala
ABSTRACT The Finnish Civil War of 1918 has been described as a revolution of expectations in the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Russian Empire. More recently, it has been described as an attempted Bolshevik revolution in a democracy. From the perspective of the Finnish Social Democrats, the re-establishment of the Red Guards and seeking support from the Bolsheviks were aimed at preventing a bourgeois counter-revolution. They saw a clear threat of that in the repeal of the act granting parliamentary sovereignty and the dissolution of the socialist-majority Parliament. This article tracks the origins of the socialists’ mistrust of the bourgeoisie through industrial relations, land-reform debates and war-time food regulation. Unlike in Sweden, collective agreements were not recognized in Finland. In the mentalities, the divide between landowning individuals and their dependent servants continued. Due to rural overpopulation, there had been little social mobility in the 19th century. Social positions had become essentialized, and initiatives to redistribute land had been postponed by the landowning classes. As in Russia, landless people and industrial workers came to share a class consciousness. They began to direct their frustrations at the state, which they saw as representing private interests.
{"title":"Cumulative Frustrations and the Erosion of Social Trust before the Finnish Civil War","authors":"J. Siltala","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2022.2144439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2022.2144439","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Finnish Civil War of 1918 has been described as a revolution of expectations in the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Russian Empire. More recently, it has been described as an attempted Bolshevik revolution in a democracy. From the perspective of the Finnish Social Democrats, the re-establishment of the Red Guards and seeking support from the Bolsheviks were aimed at preventing a bourgeois counter-revolution. They saw a clear threat of that in the repeal of the act granting parliamentary sovereignty and the dissolution of the socialist-majority Parliament. This article tracks the origins of the socialists’ mistrust of the bourgeoisie through industrial relations, land-reform debates and war-time food regulation. Unlike in Sweden, collective agreements were not recognized in Finland. In the mentalities, the divide between landowning individuals and their dependent servants continued. Due to rural overpopulation, there had been little social mobility in the 19th century. Social positions had become essentialized, and initiatives to redistribute land had been postponed by the landowning classes. As in Russia, landless people and industrial workers came to share a class consciousness. They began to direct their frustrations at the state, which they saw as representing private interests.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"157 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43025681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2022.2138533
Ian Peter Grohse, Stefan Magnussen
ABSTRACT In August 1434, Erik VII, king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, confirmed William Sinclair as earl of Orkney, thus ending a decade-long dispute over the hereditary nature of that island fief. Although surviving sources pertaining to Orkney tell us little about Erik VII’s motives, historians have traditionally pointed to circumstances in and around the isles to explain the king’s acknowledgement of William’s claims. In this article, it is argued that the events must be interpreted in light of a concurrent dispute over counts of Holstein’s hereditary claims to the duchy of Schleswig, which were vigorously denied by Erik VII. It can be concluded that the latter dispute influenced the debate over Orkney by making the hereditary enfeoffment of William Sinclair a strategic impossibility for Erik VII, who could not acknowledge one claim without opening the door for another. The king’s acquiescence of William’s claim in 1434, we contend, reflected changing conditions in Schleswig, where the king was forced to recognize the counts’ hereditary rights. The contribution offers a new take on Orkney’s late-medieval development and encourages that island principality’s inclusion in pan-Scandinavian events.
{"title":"The Earldom of Orkney, the Duchy of Schleswig and the Kalmar Union in 1434","authors":"Ian Peter Grohse, Stefan Magnussen","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2022.2138533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2022.2138533","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In August 1434, Erik VII, king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, confirmed William Sinclair as earl of Orkney, thus ending a decade-long dispute over the hereditary nature of that island fief. Although surviving sources pertaining to Orkney tell us little about Erik VII’s motives, historians have traditionally pointed to circumstances in and around the isles to explain the king’s acknowledgement of William’s claims. In this article, it is argued that the events must be interpreted in light of a concurrent dispute over counts of Holstein’s hereditary claims to the duchy of Schleswig, which were vigorously denied by Erik VII. It can be concluded that the latter dispute influenced the debate over Orkney by making the hereditary enfeoffment of William Sinclair a strategic impossibility for Erik VII, who could not acknowledge one claim without opening the door for another. The king’s acquiescence of William’s claim in 1434, we contend, reflected changing conditions in Schleswig, where the king was forced to recognize the counts’ hereditary rights. The contribution offers a new take on Orkney’s late-medieval development and encourages that island principality’s inclusion in pan-Scandinavian events.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"137 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43040653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2022.2134202
Johan Jarlbrink, F. Norén
ABSTRACT Based on digital readings of all records from the Swedish parliament 1867–2019, we examine how the concept ‘propaganda’ was used in the debates. To track the concept, we have extracted word window co-occurrences, bigrams, and keywords. Research on the history of propaganda in liberal democracies has emphasized that the meaning of the concept was open-ended before WWI. By 1945, it had been contaminated by authoritarian propaganda, and its negative connotations were cemented at least by the 1960s. Our analysis, however, shows that ‘propaganda’ was used mainly in a negative sense from 1867 to 2019. Nevertheless, it was also possible to use ‘propaganda’ in a positive and neutral sense between the 1910s and 1980s. We suggest that a period of de-ideologization in Sweden post-WWII made it possible to use ‘propaganda’ as long as the issues were seen as non-controversial. The radicalization in the late-1960s meant that authorities and previously non-controversial issues became contested. To suggest one-directional ‘propaganda’ in order to implement what politicians had decided was in people’s best interest became difficult in this context. In this new communication setting, ‘information’ was a more flexible term in contexts where ‘propaganda’ had previously been used in a neutral or positive sense.
{"title":"The rise and fall of ‘propaganda’ as a positive concept: a digital reading of Swedish parliamentary records, 1867–2019","authors":"Johan Jarlbrink, F. Norén","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2022.2134202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2022.2134202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on digital readings of all records from the Swedish parliament 1867–2019, we examine how the concept ‘propaganda’ was used in the debates. To track the concept, we have extracted word window co-occurrences, bigrams, and keywords. Research on the history of propaganda in liberal democracies has emphasized that the meaning of the concept was open-ended before WWI. By 1945, it had been contaminated by authoritarian propaganda, and its negative connotations were cemented at least by the 1960s. Our analysis, however, shows that ‘propaganda’ was used mainly in a negative sense from 1867 to 2019. Nevertheless, it was also possible to use ‘propaganda’ in a positive and neutral sense between the 1910s and 1980s. We suggest that a period of de-ideologization in Sweden post-WWII made it possible to use ‘propaganda’ as long as the issues were seen as non-controversial. The radicalization in the late-1960s meant that authorities and previously non-controversial issues became contested. To suggest one-directional ‘propaganda’ in order to implement what politicians had decided was in people’s best interest became difficult in this context. In this new communication setting, ‘information’ was a more flexible term in contexts where ‘propaganda’ had previously been used in a neutral or positive sense.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"379 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41877823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2022.2125435
K. Krake
ABSTRACT This article examines the Norwegian Labour Party’s political language in the interwar period to uncover the relationship of its contentious shifts in political strategy and rhetoric. This is done through a quantitative and qualitative empirical case study of Labour’s use of the two concepts, ‘revolution’ and ‘democracy’. The findings show that Labour’s change from a radical-left position to reformism was accompanied by gradual replacement of its rhetorical repertoire, most notably in that its revolutionary paroles were superseded by democratic rhetoric. The findings show also that the development towards reformism did not imply full endorsement of the established democratic system, but rather that a reformist stance was adopted with the objective of changing to a system of social and economic democracy. In its analysis of the Norwegian Labour Party’s rhetoric the article provides new insights, which help to explain changes to its strategies that have greatly puzzled historians. From a wider perspective, the article offers a nuanced understanding of Norwegian exceptionalism within the Nordic labour movement.
{"title":"From revolutionary paroles to democratic rhetoric: replacement of the political vocabulary within the Norwegian Labour Party in the interwar period","authors":"K. Krake","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2022.2125435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2022.2125435","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the Norwegian Labour Party’s political language in the interwar period to uncover the relationship of its contentious shifts in political strategy and rhetoric. This is done through a quantitative and qualitative empirical case study of Labour’s use of the two concepts, ‘revolution’ and ‘democracy’. The findings show that Labour’s change from a radical-left position to reformism was accompanied by gradual replacement of its rhetorical repertoire, most notably in that its revolutionary paroles were superseded by democratic rhetoric. The findings show also that the development towards reformism did not imply full endorsement of the established democratic system, but rather that a reformist stance was adopted with the objective of changing to a system of social and economic democracy. In its analysis of the Norwegian Labour Party’s rhetoric the article provides new insights, which help to explain changes to its strategies that have greatly puzzled historians. From a wider perspective, the article offers a nuanced understanding of Norwegian exceptionalism within the Nordic labour movement.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"319 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48985954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2022.2123036
Ben Allport
ABSTRACT The Old English account known as Ohthere’s Voyage preserves a ninth-century description of ‘Norðmannaland’ (the land of the Northmen) given by Ohthere, a sailor from northern Norway, at the court of Alfred the Great. In a little-discussed quirk of terminology, Ohthere’s description of the dimensions of Norðmannaland juxtaposes its north (OE norðeweard) with its east (OE easteweard), rather than its south. In this article, the phenomenon is compared with similar juxtapositions of east and north in Old Norse skaldic verses and sagas from the tenth to thirteenth centuries, demonstrating that this was not simply an error that crept in with the report’s transmission in an Old English context; instead, it is evidence of an Old Norse colloquialism which characterized northwestern Scandinavia in terms of its perceived northern and eastern extremities. This colloquialism is compared to similar geographical conceptions found in late- and post-medieval Norwegian texts, such as the division between nordafjells (north of the mountains) and sønnafjells (south of the mountains); however, it is concluded that the juxtaposition of east and north did not originate in the dividing line of Norway’s central mountain ranges, but in the shape of its southern coast.
{"title":"Eastward and northward: a geographical conception of ‘Norðmannaland’ in Ohthere’s Voyage and its analogues in old Norse/Icelandic literature","authors":"Ben Allport","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2022.2123036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2022.2123036","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Old English account known as Ohthere’s Voyage preserves a ninth-century description of ‘Norðmannaland’ (the land of the Northmen) given by Ohthere, a sailor from northern Norway, at the court of Alfred the Great. In a little-discussed quirk of terminology, Ohthere’s description of the dimensions of Norðmannaland juxtaposes its north (OE norðeweard) with its east (OE easteweard), rather than its south. In this article, the phenomenon is compared with similar juxtapositions of east and north in Old Norse skaldic verses and sagas from the tenth to thirteenth centuries, demonstrating that this was not simply an error that crept in with the report’s transmission in an Old English context; instead, it is evidence of an Old Norse colloquialism which characterized northwestern Scandinavia in terms of its perceived northern and eastern extremities. This colloquialism is compared to similar geographical conceptions found in late- and post-medieval Norwegian texts, such as the division between nordafjells (north of the mountains) and sønnafjells (south of the mountains); however, it is concluded that the juxtaposition of east and north did not originate in the dividing line of Norway’s central mountain ranges, but in the shape of its southern coast.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"1 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41363656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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