Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2021.1938209
Marjo Uutela
ABSTRACT The reunification of Germany positioned the country back to its dominant place in the middle of Europe. Anchoring Germany in the European Community and deepening European integration became the guiding principles of the Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl, who wanted to ease the suspicions related to the continuities of German foreign policy. The northern enlargement of the European Union belonged to this same dynamism. Even so, Mediterranean countries feared that the accession of the Nordic candidates to the organization would serve German interests. Despite the controversies, the support of the Kohl government for Finland, Norway and Sweden has not evoked scientific research. Based on archival sources in Berlin, this article analyses the northern dimension of Germany’s European policy. It argues that Bonn saw the Nordic countries as a building block in its eastern policy.
{"title":"Looking for Nordic allies. The interest of the Kohl government in enlarging the European Community to the north 1985–1992","authors":"Marjo Uutela","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2021.1938209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2021.1938209","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The reunification of Germany positioned the country back to its dominant place in the middle of Europe. Anchoring Germany in the European Community and deepening European integration became the guiding principles of the Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl, who wanted to ease the suspicions related to the continuities of German foreign policy. The northern enlargement of the European Union belonged to this same dynamism. Even so, Mediterranean countries feared that the accession of the Nordic candidates to the organization would serve German interests. Despite the controversies, the support of the Kohl government for Finland, Norway and Sweden has not evoked scientific research. Based on archival sources in Berlin, this article analyses the northern dimension of Germany’s European policy. It argues that Bonn saw the Nordic countries as a building block in its eastern policy.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"46 1","pages":"696 - 712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03468755.2021.1938209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49632440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-16DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2021.1911842
Guðný Hallgrímsdóttir
ABSTRACT More often than not, a broad-brush approach has been taken in describing the past, and large sectors of society have been portrayed on the basis of simple stereotypes rather than trying to reflect the lives of real people. This applies to the history of Icelandic peasant women, which has not been based in any real way on sources originating with the women themselves. Most writings from Iceland in the 18th and 19th century are by men, about men, and primarily embody the attitudes and interests of a small, privileged class. This research establishes that far more material exists on the lives and work of women in this period than was previously believed. However, many of these sources are fragmentary, and it can be hard to contextualize them. Guðbjörg Hallgrímsdóttir´s story provides an excellent opportunity to explore the diversity of women’s status in the society of past centuries by focussing primarily on the life of one woman and applying the methods of microhistory. The study reveals that the options for women to become independent or being a farmer were in some cases not so different from men’s during the period in question.
{"title":"Independent women in 18th-century Iceland analysis of the economic status of poor peasant women","authors":"Guðný Hallgrímsdóttir","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2021.1911842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2021.1911842","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT More often than not, a broad-brush approach has been taken in describing the past, and large sectors of society have been portrayed on the basis of simple stereotypes rather than trying to reflect the lives of real people. This applies to the history of Icelandic peasant women, which has not been based in any real way on sources originating with the women themselves. Most writings from Iceland in the 18th and 19th century are by men, about men, and primarily embody the attitudes and interests of a small, privileged class. This research establishes that far more material exists on the lives and work of women in this period than was previously believed. However, many of these sources are fragmentary, and it can be hard to contextualize them. Guðbjörg Hallgrímsdóttir´s story provides an excellent opportunity to explore the diversity of women’s status in the society of past centuries by focussing primarily on the life of one woman and applying the methods of microhistory. The study reveals that the options for women to become independent or being a farmer were in some cases not so different from men’s during the period in question.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"46 1","pages":"493 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03468755.2021.1911842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44825066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-13DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2021.1921840
T. Tøllefsen, J. White
ABSTRACT Over the summer of 1866, the majority of the Swedish-speaking population on the Baltic island of Ruhnu (then part of the Russian Empire’s Livland province) sought conversion from Lutheranism to Russian Orthodoxy. Despite interest from the Russian secular and ecclesiastical authorities, however, the conversions did not take place. The islanders used the threat of conversion to leverage concessions from the Lutheran consistory: once achieved, the community lost any interest in pursuing Orthodoxy further. The following article analyses largely unknown sources from both Estonian and Swedish archives to show how the island’s social structure and peculiar geographical position conditioned its inhabitants’ religious choices, thereby providing insight into a previously unstudied instance of peasant agency in the Russian Empire and contributing to studies of that polity’s environmental, ethnic, and confessional diversity.
{"title":"Navigating an Orthodox conversion: community, environment, and religion on the Island of Ruhnu, 1866-7","authors":"T. Tøllefsen, J. White","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2021.1921840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2021.1921840","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the summer of 1866, the majority of the Swedish-speaking population on the Baltic island of Ruhnu (then part of the Russian Empire’s Livland province) sought conversion from Lutheranism to Russian Orthodoxy. Despite interest from the Russian secular and ecclesiastical authorities, however, the conversions did not take place. The islanders used the threat of conversion to leverage concessions from the Lutheran consistory: once achieved, the community lost any interest in pursuing Orthodoxy further. The following article analyses largely unknown sources from both Estonian and Swedish archives to show how the island’s social structure and peculiar geographical position conditioned its inhabitants’ religious choices, thereby providing insight into a previously unstudied instance of peasant agency in the Russian Empire and contributing to studies of that polity’s environmental, ethnic, and confessional diversity.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"46 1","pages":"642 - 664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03468755.2021.1921840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44085212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-27DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2021.1909126
E. Egorov
ABSTRACT Although nation and empire – as well as the organicist and universalist visions mirroring them – are usually put in opposition to each other, this article argues that the two can create synergistic alliances. The attempt of the Danish dynastic union proposal to Sweden in 1810 sheds light on the repertoire of rhetoric and arguments the state could harness to substantiate its potential to rule over diverse populations. First, the paper demonstrates how the trope of Scandinavian kinship was formulated in the Danish public debate during the transitional period, or what Koselleck calls Sattelzeit. Then, the article shows how this language was embedded into power relations and configured to reinforce the imperial aspirations of the Nordic amalgamation, meaning the fusion of the Scandinavian nations. The core sources I consult are the pamphlets published to advertise union-building and the documents stored in the folders of the Royal Archive in Copenhagen (Rigsarkivet).
{"title":"Danish visions of the Scandinavian union (1809–1810): a genealogy of the rhetoric and pragmatics of justification","authors":"E. Egorov","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2021.1909126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2021.1909126","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although nation and empire – as well as the organicist and universalist visions mirroring them – are usually put in opposition to each other, this article argues that the two can create synergistic alliances. The attempt of the Danish dynastic union proposal to Sweden in 1810 sheds light on the repertoire of rhetoric and arguments the state could harness to substantiate its potential to rule over diverse populations. First, the paper demonstrates how the trope of Scandinavian kinship was formulated in the Danish public debate during the transitional period, or what Koselleck calls Sattelzeit. Then, the article shows how this language was embedded into power relations and configured to reinforce the imperial aspirations of the Nordic amalgamation, meaning the fusion of the Scandinavian nations. The core sources I consult are the pamphlets published to advertise union-building and the documents stored in the folders of the Royal Archive in Copenhagen (Rigsarkivet).","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"46 1","pages":"619 - 641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03468755.2021.1909126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46797564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2021.1896576
T. Lundén
ABSTRACT The period of relative openness in the Soviet Union from the mid 1980s provided an opportunity for Sweden to establish contacts with the neighbouring Baltic Soviet republics. The political situation on both sides did not allow any direct diplomatic relations, and all endeavours had to be taken with utmost care. While modest at first, even programmatically so, these initiatives served to establish links with the independence movements in the Baltic republics. Besides the Local consular branch of the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) in Leningrad, often acting without clear instructions from Stockholm, the Swedish government preferred to channel its first contacts with the Baltic republics through its primary institution for cultural and public diplomacy, the Swedish Institute (SI), later supplanted in this role by the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA). In their low profile, these activities can be analysed as early examples of the ‘soft diplomacy’ which have characterized later Baltic-Nordic ‘new regionalism.’. Drawing upon archival materials of the SI, the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and interviews with key actors, this article shows how Swedish outreach to the Baltic republics was probed by Swedish diplomacy under considerable uncertainty of the development in the Eastern Baltic Sea region.
{"title":"Turning towards the inland sea? Swedish ’soft diplomacy‘ towards the Baltic Soviet republics before independence","authors":"T. Lundén","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2021.1896576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2021.1896576","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The period of relative openness in the Soviet Union from the mid 1980s provided an opportunity for Sweden to establish contacts with the neighbouring Baltic Soviet republics. The political situation on both sides did not allow any direct diplomatic relations, and all endeavours had to be taken with utmost care. While modest at first, even programmatically so, these initiatives served to establish links with the independence movements in the Baltic republics. Besides the Local consular branch of the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) in Leningrad, often acting without clear instructions from Stockholm, the Swedish government preferred to channel its first contacts with the Baltic republics through its primary institution for cultural and public diplomacy, the Swedish Institute (SI), later supplanted in this role by the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA). In their low profile, these activities can be analysed as early examples of the ‘soft diplomacy’ which have characterized later Baltic-Nordic ‘new regionalism.’. Drawing upon archival materials of the SI, the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and interviews with key actors, this article shows how Swedish outreach to the Baltic republics was probed by Swedish diplomacy under considerable uncertainty of the development in the Eastern Baltic Sea region.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"47 1","pages":"347 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03468755.2021.1896576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48828958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2021.1895305
Nevra Biltekin
ABSTRACT This article analyses the ways in which Swedish and Swedish-American women in the United States have maintained transnational connections with Sweden. Empirically, the article details the organizational profiles and activities of two associations: the American Daughters of Sweden, founded in 1926, and the Swedish Women’s Educational Association, formed in 1979. By studying the post-mass migration period, the article provides new insight into an era that has received little attention in Swedish-American scholarship. The study shows that women actively engaged in, and vigorously nurtured cultural, social and business-related contacts with Sweden. By establishing these transnational connections, women became prominent actors in upholding and redefining Swedish-American relations.
{"title":"Migrating women and transnational relations: Swedish-American connections since the 1920s","authors":"Nevra Biltekin","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2021.1895305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2021.1895305","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses the ways in which Swedish and Swedish-American women in the United States have maintained transnational connections with Sweden. Empirically, the article details the organizational profiles and activities of two associations: the American Daughters of Sweden, founded in 1926, and the Swedish Women’s Educational Association, formed in 1979. By studying the post-mass migration period, the article provides new insight into an era that has received little attention in Swedish-American scholarship. The study shows that women actively engaged in, and vigorously nurtured cultural, social and business-related contacts with Sweden. By establishing these transnational connections, women became prominent actors in upholding and redefining Swedish-American relations.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"46 1","pages":"531 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03468755.2021.1895305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41790131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2021.1896575
R. K. Christensen
ABSTRACT This article examines conceptions of sovereignty in the Danish Caribbean colony of St. Thomas between 1672 and 1680. It focuses on the colony’s first governor, Jørgen Iversen, and his struggles to govern the colony on behalf of Denmark’s absolutist monarchy and the Danish West India and Guinea Company. Using insights from recent studies of sovereignty and power in colonial societies, the article explores how Iversen organized the colony’s legal system as a means of creating legitimate rule and as a way of transferring the sovereignty of the Danish monarch across the Atlantic. By demonstrating that colonization was a profoundly political project, the article challenges existing historiographical interpretations of early colonial rule that have mainly focused on the economics of Danish Atlantic expansion and the allegedly chaotic and unruly nature of St. Thomas’s colonial society. More generally, the article provides new insights into the study of sovereignty and authority in the formation of Caribbean colonial societies.
{"title":"‘Against the Law of God, of nature and the secular world’: conceptions of sovereignty in early colonial St. Thomas, 1672-1680","authors":"R. K. Christensen","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2021.1896575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2021.1896575","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines conceptions of sovereignty in the Danish Caribbean colony of St. Thomas between 1672 and 1680. It focuses on the colony’s first governor, Jørgen Iversen, and his struggles to govern the colony on behalf of Denmark’s absolutist monarchy and the Danish West India and Guinea Company. Using insights from recent studies of sovereignty and power in colonial societies, the article explores how Iversen organized the colony’s legal system as a means of creating legitimate rule and as a way of transferring the sovereignty of the Danish monarch across the Atlantic. By demonstrating that colonization was a profoundly political project, the article challenges existing historiographical interpretations of early colonial rule that have mainly focused on the economics of Danish Atlantic expansion and the allegedly chaotic and unruly nature of St. Thomas’s colonial society. More generally, the article provides new insights into the study of sovereignty and authority in the formation of Caribbean colonial societies.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"46 1","pages":"476 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03468755.2021.1896575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46435831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-22DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2021.1891132
Kristine Dyrmann
ABSTRACT The eighteenth-century country estate was a political space, and this was particularly true for the estate of Brahetrolleborg in 1780s and 1790s absolutist Denmark. This article explores the agency of Brahetrolleborg’s social hostess, Sybille Reventlow, and her sister, Charlotte Schimmelmann, focusing on the politically charged years of 1789–90 and the two women’s engagement in the political project of their court faction, the ‘reform circle’. Taking Elaine Chalus’ concept of ‘political sociability’ as my point of departure, I argue that the estate’s female head of household, Sybille Reventlow, managed people and social situations for political ends at Brahetrolleborg; receiving and entertaining school inspectors, members of the court and the royal family as guests at the manor. Sybille Reventlow’s correspondence shows that she cooperated with Charlotte Schimmelmann to suppress a petition from the peasants at Brahetrolleborg, calling on the Foreign Minister to stop the complaint. The concluding analysis demonstrates that Charlotte Schimmelmann, during one of her summer visits to Brahetrolleborg, discussed the composition of a new School Commission, and the funding of Brahetrolleborg’s schools, with Sybille Reventlow’s husband, Ludvig Reventlow, acting as an intermediary between her brother-in-law and her husband, the Finance Minister of the reform reign.
{"title":"Political sociability at the Brahetrolleborg estate in Denmark, 1789-90","authors":"Kristine Dyrmann","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2021.1891132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2021.1891132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The eighteenth-century country estate was a political space, and this was particularly true for the estate of Brahetrolleborg in 1780s and 1790s absolutist Denmark. This article explores the agency of Brahetrolleborg’s social hostess, Sybille Reventlow, and her sister, Charlotte Schimmelmann, focusing on the politically charged years of 1789–90 and the two women’s engagement in the political project of their court faction, the ‘reform circle’. Taking Elaine Chalus’ concept of ‘political sociability’ as my point of departure, I argue that the estate’s female head of household, Sybille Reventlow, managed people and social situations for political ends at Brahetrolleborg; receiving and entertaining school inspectors, members of the court and the royal family as guests at the manor. Sybille Reventlow’s correspondence shows that she cooperated with Charlotte Schimmelmann to suppress a petition from the peasants at Brahetrolleborg, calling on the Foreign Minister to stop the complaint. The concluding analysis demonstrates that Charlotte Schimmelmann, during one of her summer visits to Brahetrolleborg, discussed the composition of a new School Commission, and the funding of Brahetrolleborg’s schools, with Sybille Reventlow’s husband, Ludvig Reventlow, acting as an intermediary between her brother-in-law and her husband, the Finance Minister of the reform reign.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"46 1","pages":"510 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03468755.2021.1891132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59440574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-09DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2021.1875871
Essi Jouhki
ABSTRACT In the Western countries, Scandinavia and Finland included, the legacy of the student movement of the 1960s has been extensive and established a fixed narrative of a radical movement. This article challenges the elitist and university-centred grand narrative and argues that the student movement was more multifaceted and mobilized young people of various ages and backgrounds. This is done by addressing the international student movement from the perspective of school-aged students in Finnish upper secondary schools, focusing on student activism carried out in school-sanctioned student associations. Above all, this article aims to distinguish the relatively unknown history of the Scandinavian school student movement.
{"title":"‘Then we were ready to be radicals!’: school student activism in Finnish upper secondary schools in 1960–1967","authors":"Essi Jouhki","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2021.1875871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2021.1875871","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the Western countries, Scandinavia and Finland included, the legacy of the student movement of the 1960s has been extensive and established a fixed narrative of a radical movement. This article challenges the elitist and university-centred grand narrative and argues that the student movement was more multifaceted and mobilized young people of various ages and backgrounds. This is done by addressing the international student movement from the perspective of school-aged students in Finnish upper secondary schools, focusing on student activism carried out in school-sanctioned student associations. Above all, this article aims to distinguish the relatively unknown history of the Scandinavian school student movement.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"46 1","pages":"383 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03468755.2021.1875871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45461647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-27DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2021.1880474
F. Bertilsson
ABSTRACT Swedish defence research played a significant part in the development of the Swedish Total Defence. This article seeks to modify the bias of previous historical studies of the Swedish National Defence Research Establishment (FOA) that has been focusing on the natural sciences, technology, industrial relationships, and the development of weapons system. The article explores the use of knowledge that is commonly associated with the humanities. More specifically, it examines the use and impact of historical knowledge in relation to the efforts of establishing a Swedish civil resistance policy between the early 1970s and the early 1990s. However, instrumental advice could not be developed based on knowledge about the past. Historical knowledge rather supported conceptual development and learning. It was part of public information campaigns and the education of civil servants. It also addressed central security and defence objectives of the Swedish government. The engagement with civil resistance provided FOA with an additional arena for influencing policy that would potentially concern a large part of the Swedish population.
{"title":"The Swedish Defence Research Establishment (FOA) and the influence of historical knowledge on Swedish civil resistance policy","authors":"F. Bertilsson","doi":"10.1080/03468755.2021.1880474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2021.1880474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Swedish defence research played a significant part in the development of the Swedish Total Defence. This article seeks to modify the bias of previous historical studies of the Swedish National Defence Research Establishment (FOA) that has been focusing on the natural sciences, technology, industrial relationships, and the development of weapons system. The article explores the use of knowledge that is commonly associated with the humanities. More specifically, it examines the use and impact of historical knowledge in relation to the efforts of establishing a Swedish civil resistance policy between the early 1970s and the early 1990s. However, instrumental advice could not be developed based on knowledge about the past. Historical knowledge rather supported conceptual development and learning. It was part of public information campaigns and the education of civil servants. It also addressed central security and defence objectives of the Swedish government. The engagement with civil resistance provided FOA with an additional arena for influencing policy that would potentially concern a large part of the Swedish population.","PeriodicalId":45280,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"46 1","pages":"550 - 569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03468755.2021.1880474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44632023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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