Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2979/jss.2023.a882883
Hadar Feldman Samet
Abstract: Emotional states and their representations are gaining increasing attention in the historical study of mysticism. Building on the notion that mystical texts can be utilized to form a relation with the divine, in the current article I explore the intersection of emotional expressions, auditory elements, and devotional traditions as central praxes in Ottoman society. While focusing on a late offshoot of the Sabbatean movement, the Ma'aminim of Salonica, a contextualized analysis of previously unexplored sources demonstrates that during the first half of the nineteenth century the Sabbateans reshaped their communal practices according to contemporary cultural conventions in the Ottoman sphere. This study suggests that viewing mystical texts as generators of affect and sensorial ritual draws the focus from the spiritual world of a mystic-author to the experiences of community members, and it proves that neighboring soundscapes and appropriation of popular culture may serve as fundamental components in the historicization of religious phenomena.
{"title":"Practicing Aşk : Sound and Affect in Late Sabbateanism and Its Ottoman Sphere","authors":"Hadar Feldman Samet","doi":"10.2979/jss.2023.a882883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jss.2023.a882883","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Emotional states and their representations are gaining increasing attention in the historical study of mysticism. Building on the notion that mystical texts can be utilized to form a relation with the divine, in the current article I explore the intersection of emotional expressions, auditory elements, and devotional traditions as central praxes in Ottoman society. While focusing on a late offshoot of the Sabbatean movement, the Ma'aminim of Salonica, a contextualized analysis of previously unexplored sources demonstrates that during the first half of the nineteenth century the Sabbateans reshaped their communal practices according to contemporary cultural conventions in the Ottoman sphere. This study suggests that viewing mystical texts as generators of affect and sensorial ritual draws the focus from the spiritual world of a mystic-author to the experiences of community members, and it proves that neighboring soundscapes and appropriation of popular culture may serve as fundamental components in the historicization of religious phenomena.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"7 Suppl 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135495114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.28.1.01
Deena Aranoff
Abstract:In this article, I examine the role of the household and its web of social relations in the formation of halakhah. Through close readings of talmudic texts, I propose that the household functions not only as a domain of halakhic practice but as a significant point of origin. Drawing upon the Latin root matrix (mother), I suggest that everyday activities involving food preparation, childrearing, and household management form a significant matrix in the genealogy of halakhah, from ancient through modern times. Ultimately, I conclude that the practicalities of household life and its halakhic renderings are mutually-informing and, at times, inseparable religious formations.
{"title":"Household and Halakhah: A Genealogy of Jewish Practice","authors":"Deena Aranoff","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.28.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.28.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article, I examine the role of the household and its web of social relations in the formation of halakhah. Through close readings of talmudic texts, I propose that the household functions not only as a domain of halakhic practice but as a significant point of origin. Drawing upon the Latin root matrix (mother), I suggest that everyday activities involving food preparation, childrearing, and household management form a significant matrix in the genealogy of halakhah, from ancient through modern times. Ultimately, I conclude that the practicalities of household life and its halakhic renderings are mutually-informing and, at times, inseparable religious formations.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"28 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44229724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.28.1.06
Christopher Silver
Abstract:Radio Tunis's The Hebrew Hour (1939–56) was the first and longest running Jewish radio program in North Africa. From its debut just before World War II and through its final broadcasts just after Tunisian independence, its announcer Félix Allouche, a Zionist activist and journalist, brought together a diverse range of personalities, subject matter, political preferences, and musical repertoires in a single, multi-lingual forum. In this article, I demonstrate that, unlike the printed press, the radio allowed for such convergence due to its aural quality. In doing so, I reconsider the seemingly divergent ideological trajectories of Tunisian Jewry between the interwar and postwar periods while also treating the consequences of the program's drift toward Zionism after 1948. Finally, by conceiving of early- to mid-twentieth century Jewish radio in global terms and Arab radio beyond the framework of resistance, I suggest that new models are needed for both.
{"title":"Radio Tunis's The Hebrew Hour (1939–56): A Microhistory","authors":"Christopher Silver","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.28.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.28.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Radio Tunis's The Hebrew Hour (1939–56) was the first and longest running Jewish radio program in North Africa. From its debut just before World War II and through its final broadcasts just after Tunisian independence, its announcer Félix Allouche, a Zionist activist and journalist, brought together a diverse range of personalities, subject matter, political preferences, and musical repertoires in a single, multi-lingual forum. In this article, I demonstrate that, unlike the printed press, the radio allowed for such convergence due to its aural quality. In doing so, I reconsider the seemingly divergent ideological trajectories of Tunisian Jewry between the interwar and postwar periods while also treating the consequences of the program's drift toward Zionism after 1948. Finally, by conceiving of early- to mid-twentieth century Jewish radio in global terms and Arab radio beyond the framework of resistance, I suggest that new models are needed for both.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"28 1","pages":"150 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43965827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.28.1.04
Nesi Altaras, Hadar Feldman Samet, Christopher Silver, Ilya Vovshin, Deena Aranoff, Dafna Hirsch, Y. Mintzker
Abstract:Until 1914, around 2,000 Jews lived in the area between Lakes Van and Urmia, an Ottoman-Iranian borderland. These Neo-Aramaic-speaking Jews of the Van-Urmia border region enjoyed relative autonomy from both the Ottoman Empire and Iran. But Jewish life in the Ottoman province of Van came to an end during World War I when violence, unrest, genocide, and expulsion combined to displace the community, known as Nash Didan, from the region. Using oral histories from Van-descended Jews, this study reconstructs memories of borderland life to reveal a lingering self-perception that conceives of Nash Didan identity outside of Ottoman, Turkish, or Iranian Jewish narratives. It also reinscribes this forgotten community into the growing literature on the Ottoman east.
{"title":"The Jews of Van-Urmia: Remembering Borderland Migrations (1914–18)","authors":"Nesi Altaras, Hadar Feldman Samet, Christopher Silver, Ilya Vovshin, Deena Aranoff, Dafna Hirsch, Y. Mintzker","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.28.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.28.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Until 1914, around 2,000 Jews lived in the area between Lakes Van and Urmia, an Ottoman-Iranian borderland. These Neo-Aramaic-speaking Jews of the Van-Urmia border region enjoyed relative autonomy from both the Ottoman Empire and Iran. But Jewish life in the Ottoman province of Van came to an end during World War I when violence, unrest, genocide, and expulsion combined to displace the community, known as Nash Didan, from the region. Using oral histories from Van-descended Jews, this study reconstructs memories of borderland life to reveal a lingering self-perception that conceives of Nash Didan identity outside of Ottoman, Turkish, or Iranian Jewish narratives. It also reinscribes this forgotten community into the growing literature on the Ottoman east.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"28 1","pages":"1 - 115 - 116 - 149 - 150 - 178 - 179 - 210 - 22 - 23 - 48 - 49 - 78 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48422028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.03
Roni Mikel Arieli
{"title":"The Jewish Question in the British Colonial Imagination: The Case of the Deportation to Mauritius (1940–45)","authors":"Roni Mikel Arieli","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47277652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.01
Mitchell Rom
Abstract:Studies of Latin American Jews under Cold War dictatorships have primarily focused on Jewish victims of dictatorial state violence. More recent scholarship, however, has offered individual case studies of Argentine Jewish activists as political actors rather than victims. Building on this newer work, this article examines the participation of Jewish high school and university students in the student movement and armed struggle against the Brazilian military regime (1964–85). Drawing on secret police records, memoirs, and oral history interviews, it explores the experiences of a dozen Jewish activists, tracing their politicization to family ties, Jewish elementary schools and summer camps, and elite public high schools. Blurring the boundaries between the "communalist" and "dispersionist" approaches to Jewish history by demonstrating how social networks established through leftist Jewish institutions had lasting impacts on ostensibly unaffiliated Jewish activists, this article offers the first extended examination of Jewish anti-dictatorship activism in the Latin American sixties.
{"title":"The Torah of Che Guevara: Jewish Students and Armed Struggle in Military Brazil","authors":"Mitchell Rom","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Studies of Latin American Jews under Cold War dictatorships have primarily focused on Jewish victims of dictatorial state violence. More recent scholarship, however, has offered individual case studies of Argentine Jewish activists as political actors rather than victims. Building on this newer work, this article examines the participation of Jewish high school and university students in the student movement and armed struggle against the Brazilian military regime (1964–85). Drawing on secret police records, memoirs, and oral history interviews, it explores the experiences of a dozen Jewish activists, tracing their politicization to family ties, Jewish elementary schools and summer camps, and elite public high schools. Blurring the boundaries between the \"communalist\" and \"dispersionist\" approaches to Jewish history by demonstrating how social networks established through leftist Jewish institutions had lasting impacts on ostensibly unaffiliated Jewish activists, this article offers the first extended examination of Jewish anti-dictatorship activism in the Latin American sixties.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46129614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.06
Svetlana Natkovich
Abstract:The Haskalah emerged in the eighteenth century under the auspices of modernized Jewish commercial elites. By the late 1860s, however, Russian maskilim started to adopt highly critical positions toward their former patrons, and some toward capitalist relationships in general. This article sheds light on a previously neglected factor in discussions on the economic position of maskilim. It points to the growing gulf between them and their purported commercial patrons, spurred by changing tsarist policy toward Jews. The decision by Alexander II's administration to unofficially appoint moneyed elites to positions of Jewish leadership and grant them exceptional privileges left maskilim without moral and financial support in an increasingly hostile traditional society in the Pale. This led to the further polarization and alienation of maskilim in relation to both the Pale's traditionalists (rabbinic and commercial elites trying to preserve the existing power structures and religious practices) and the Jewish nouveau riche in the imperial cities––and to the rise of a maskilic class identity.
{"title":"\"What Is Permitted to Jupiter Is Not Permitted to an Ox\": Maskilim as a Class Phenomenon","authors":"Svetlana Natkovich","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Haskalah emerged in the eighteenth century under the auspices of modernized Jewish commercial elites. By the late 1860s, however, Russian maskilim started to adopt highly critical positions toward their former patrons, and some toward capitalist relationships in general. This article sheds light on a previously neglected factor in discussions on the economic position of maskilim. It points to the growing gulf between them and their purported commercial patrons, spurred by changing tsarist policy toward Jews. The decision by Alexander II's administration to unofficially appoint moneyed elites to positions of Jewish leadership and grant them exceptional privileges left maskilim without moral and financial support in an increasingly hostile traditional society in the Pale. This led to the further polarization and alienation of maskilim in relation to both the Pale's traditionalists (rabbinic and commercial elites trying to preserve the existing power structures and religious practices) and the Jewish nouveau riche in the imperial cities––and to the rise of a maskilic class identity.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"27 1","pages":"158 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45855929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.07
Gregory Jones-Katz
Abstract:Jews used theory from the early 1970s to the late 80s at Yale University to revise humanism, a collection of intellectual traditions in the American academy until then largely shaped by a white, male, and Christian-European perspective. Jews, first, uncovered and reworked the philosophical principles of literary scholarship. Jews subsequently employed theory, often in anti-humanist ways, to help inaugurate a number of curricular and intellectual changes, from the reorganization and expansion of a Judaic Studies program at Yale to the housing of the Holocaust Survivors Film Project to contributing to the midrash-theory link, that had wide influence in the American academy and beyond. A chapter in the "Age of Theory," Jews' anti-humanist challenges renewed humanism and were illustrative of the intellectual and cultural effects of the increasing Jewish presence in American humanities departments.
{"title":"Challenging Humanism: Jews, Theory, and Yale during the Closing Decades of the Twentieth Century","authors":"Gregory Jones-Katz","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Jews used theory from the early 1970s to the late 80s at Yale University to revise humanism, a collection of intellectual traditions in the American academy until then largely shaped by a white, male, and Christian-European perspective. Jews, first, uncovered and reworked the philosophical principles of literary scholarship. Jews subsequently employed theory, often in anti-humanist ways, to help inaugurate a number of curricular and intellectual changes, from the reorganization and expansion of a Judaic Studies program at Yale to the housing of the Holocaust Survivors Film Project to contributing to the midrash-theory link, that had wide influence in the American academy and beyond. A chapter in the \"Age of Theory,\" Jews' anti-humanist challenges renewed humanism and were illustrative of the intellectual and cultural effects of the increasing Jewish presence in American humanities departments.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"27 1","pages":"189 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42265046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.04
E. Ginio
Abstract:This article turns to microhistory to explain the targeting of Jews by their Muslim opponents following the Second Balkan War (July 1913) and the return of Ottoman rule to Dimetoka. It explores intercommunal tensions between Jews and Muslims over boundaries and representation in the public sphere that surfaced following the 1908 revolution and the project to construct a new building for the Jewish school in part of the town that was situated outside the boundaries of the traditional Jewish neighborhood. This article argues that the humiliation triggered by Ottoman defeat in the Balkan Wars, the atrocities against Muslim civilians at the hands of Bulgarian soldiers and irregulars, and calls to avenge the Muslims' suffering following the Ottoman retaking of Eastern Thrace provided legitimacy for retaliation against non-Muslims. Existing prewar tensions between Muslims and Jews in Dimetoka, combined with desires for revenge, made the latter into victims of sporadic violence and an economic boycott.
{"title":"Challenging Communal Boundaries in Late Ottoman Thrace: Jews and Muslims in Dimetoka (Didymoteicho)","authors":"E. Ginio","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article turns to microhistory to explain the targeting of Jews by their Muslim opponents following the Second Balkan War (July 1913) and the return of Ottoman rule to Dimetoka. It explores intercommunal tensions between Jews and Muslims over boundaries and representation in the public sphere that surfaced following the 1908 revolution and the project to construct a new building for the Jewish school in part of the town that was situated outside the boundaries of the traditional Jewish neighborhood. This article argues that the humiliation triggered by Ottoman defeat in the Balkan Wars, the atrocities against Muslim civilians at the hands of Bulgarian soldiers and irregulars, and calls to avenge the Muslims' suffering following the Ottoman retaking of Eastern Thrace provided legitimacy for retaliation against non-Muslims. Existing prewar tensions between Muslims and Jews in Dimetoka, combined with desires for revenge, made the latter into victims of sporadic violence and an economic boycott.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"27 1","pages":"122 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46637444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.01
Alyssa Quint
Abstract:This article examines a body of Yiddish songs published between 1860 and 1890 with the intention of tracing the historical cultural milieu of Jewish merchants in eastern Europe and how songs functioned in their world and how these songs—at times, playfully, insightfully, or ironically—captured it. Behind this inquiry is a larger one regarding the relationship between folk material and historical material.
{"title":"The Culture of Capitalism in Nineteenth-Century Yiddish Song","authors":"Alyssa Quint","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines a body of Yiddish songs published between 1860 and 1890 with the intention of tracing the historical cultural milieu of Jewish merchants in eastern Europe and how songs functioned in their world and how these songs—at times, playfully, insightfully, or ironically—captured it. Behind this inquiry is a larger one regarding the relationship between folk material and historical material.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49627324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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