Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.03
R. Buller
Abstract:In interwar Paris, a community of Sephardi immigrants originally from the Ottoman Empire raised a monument paying tribute to Ottoman Jews who fought for France during World War I. Its construction, which spanned over a decade, underscored the evolution of Ottoman Sephardi immigrant collective identity, goals, and anxieties in France between the close of World War I and the eve of World War II. When the memorial was first proposed in 1919, it was seen as a means of emphasizing the Ottoman Sephardi immigrant sphere as separate from that of French Jewry and other Jewish immigrant groups in the country. However, when it was finally erected in June 1935, at a time of heightened xenophobia and antisemitism within France's borders, the monument had taken on new significance. No longer a statement of Sephardi difference, it became a message of Jewish unity, patriotism, and belonging to the French Third Republic.
{"title":"\"Morts pour la France\": Commemoration and Community Building among Ottoman Sephardim in Interwar Paris","authors":"R. Buller","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In interwar Paris, a community of Sephardi immigrants originally from the Ottoman Empire raised a monument paying tribute to Ottoman Jews who fought for France during World War I. Its construction, which spanned over a decade, underscored the evolution of Ottoman Sephardi immigrant collective identity, goals, and anxieties in France between the close of World War I and the eve of World War II. When the memorial was first proposed in 1919, it was seen as a means of emphasizing the Ottoman Sephardi immigrant sphere as separate from that of French Jewry and other Jewish immigrant groups in the country. However, when it was finally erected in June 1935, at a time of heightened xenophobia and antisemitism within France's borders, the monument had taken on new significance. No longer a statement of Sephardi difference, it became a message of Jewish unity, patriotism, and belonging to the French Third Republic.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"27 1","pages":"53 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46567069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.07
Itamar Ben Ami
{"title":"Modern Haredim and Contemporary Haredi Society: Beyond the Paradigm of Liberalization","authors":"Itamar Ben Ami","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43680142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.05
A. Jacobson
Abstract:This article examines debates regarding citizenship and loyalty to the empire that arose during the Ottomanization campaign that took place in Palestine during World War I. These discussions in Palestine took place in the context of an evolving national conflict with its differing visions for Palestine. World War I and changing political conditions steered political and legal debates concerning citizenship and nationality in various imperial contexts. The questions examined here focus on citizenship and loyalty to the empire during a period of escalating national tension in Palestine and shifting relations between the Ottoman Empire and its non-Muslim minorities. Their close analysis contributes to our understandings of the intersection of citizenship and loyalty to the empire at a moment of crisis.
{"title":"Citizenship and Loyalty in Times of War: The Ottomanization Movement in Palestine during World War I","authors":"A. Jacobson","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines debates regarding citizenship and loyalty to the empire that arose during the Ottomanization campaign that took place in Palestine during World War I. These discussions in Palestine took place in the context of an evolving national conflict with its differing visions for Palestine. World War I and changing political conditions steered political and legal debates concerning citizenship and nationality in various imperial contexts. The questions examined here focus on citizenship and loyalty to the empire during a period of escalating national tension in Palestine and shifting relations between the Ottoman Empire and its non-Muslim minorities. Their close analysis contributes to our understandings of the intersection of citizenship and loyalty to the empire at a moment of crisis.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"27 1","pages":"117 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44575920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.04
Isabelle S. Headrick
Abstract:The lives of the teachers of the Alliance Israélite Universelle (Alliance) were entangled with the turmoil and humanitarian disasters of Iran's 1906–11 Constitutional Revolution. In theory, the revolution should have been an exciting moment and a validation of the Alliance's mission to "emancipate" Middle Eastern Jews. Yet in the Alliance staff's letters, there are surprisingly few mentions of the revolution and fewer still that express enthusiasm for the constitutional project. Rather, the correspondence describes chaos, violence, and the staff's efforts to address the needs of traumatized and desperate local Jewish communities. This article seeks to understand the reasons for this and discusses how the Alliance teachers perceived and interpreted the events of the revolution through the lens of their own backgrounds and biases. The article also weighs the value of Alliance staff letters as source material for understanding Iranian history.
{"title":"The Web in the Tempest: The Experiences of the Teachers and School Directors of the Alliance Israélite Universelle during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906–11","authors":"Isabelle S. Headrick","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The lives of the teachers of the Alliance Israélite Universelle (Alliance) were entangled with the turmoil and humanitarian disasters of Iran's 1906–11 Constitutional Revolution. In theory, the revolution should have been an exciting moment and a validation of the Alliance's mission to \"emancipate\" Middle Eastern Jews. Yet in the Alliance staff's letters, there are surprisingly few mentions of the revolution and fewer still that express enthusiasm for the constitutional project. Rather, the correspondence describes chaos, violence, and the staff's efforts to address the needs of traumatized and desperate local Jewish communities. This article seeks to understand the reasons for this and discusses how the Alliance teachers perceived and interpreted the events of the revolution through the lens of their own backgrounds and biases. The article also weighs the value of Alliance staff letters as source material for understanding Iranian history.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"27 1","pages":"116 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46391636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.06
M. Di Giulio
{"title":"The Origins of Israeli Deaf Ethnicity","authors":"M. Di Giulio","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46193018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.02
Simo Muir
Abstract:This article analyzes Jac Weinstein's (1883–1976) sketches, poems, and songs written in Yiddish and Swedish during 1941–44, when Finland fought alongside Nazi Germany. While satirizing daily life and changing social norms among Finnish Jews, Weinstein's work dealt with the genocide of European Jewry—waged by Finland's de facto ally—and the horror of the war. Weinstein's work challenges postwar narratives that depicted Finnish Jews fighting a "separate war" and remaining largely unaware of and untouched by the Holocaust. This article draws on the wartime press and recent research on Jews in Finland to investigate how Weinstein negotiated the status of Finnish Jews as aligned with the Nazis on the one hand and aware of the Holocaust unfolding in Nazi occupied territories on the other. In addition to offering new perspectives on the experiences of Finnish Jews during the war, Weinstein's hitherto unknown sketches, poems, and songs, alongside photographs of his theater performances, display how belletristic sources and ephemera can contest the dominant postwar narrative that Finnish Jews did not know about the Holocaust.
{"title":"\"Who Will Laugh the Last?\": Jac Weinstein's Sketches, Poetry, and Songs during Finnish-German Co-Belligerency, 1941–44","authors":"Simo Muir","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article analyzes Jac Weinstein's (1883–1976) sketches, poems, and songs written in Yiddish and Swedish during 1941–44, when Finland fought alongside Nazi Germany. While satirizing daily life and changing social norms among Finnish Jews, Weinstein's work dealt with the genocide of European Jewry—waged by Finland's de facto ally—and the horror of the war. Weinstein's work challenges postwar narratives that depicted Finnish Jews fighting a \"separate war\" and remaining largely unaware of and untouched by the Holocaust. This article draws on the wartime press and recent research on Jews in Finland to investigate how Weinstein negotiated the status of Finnish Jews as aligned with the Nazis on the one hand and aware of the Holocaust unfolding in Nazi occupied territories on the other. In addition to offering new perspectives on the experiences of Finnish Jews during the war, Weinstein's hitherto unknown sketches, poems, and songs, alongside photographs of his theater performances, display how belletristic sources and ephemera can contest the dominant postwar narrative that Finnish Jews did not know about the Holocaust.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"27 1","pages":"24 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47920811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.04
Yael Darr
Abstract:Focusing on Hebrew-language children’s books published in Palestine in the 1930s and 40s by first-generation immigrants from German-speaking countries, this article explores the cultural and social legacy that this community of recently arrived German speakers sought to transmit to its children. It illustrates this immigrant community’s ambivalence toward both socialist-Zionist discourse—which was hegemonic among Jews in Palestine—and its own German cultural heritage. It shows that these publishing initiatives gave voice to an alternative model of immigrant adaptation: accepting and even embracing the patriotic local culture in Palestine, without completely merging with it. Even in the 1940s, when German culture was generally taboo, subtle yet persistent attempts to reproduce Germanness in Hebrew-language children’s books revealed that this first generation of immigrants harbored conflicting feelings about their country of origin and their new national identity.
{"title":"When Der Struwwelpeter Made Aliyah: Germanness in Hebrew Children’s Literature during Israel’s Nation-Building Era","authors":"Yael Darr","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Focusing on Hebrew-language children’s books published in Palestine in the 1930s and 40s by first-generation immigrants from German-speaking countries, this article explores the cultural and social legacy that this community of recently arrived German speakers sought to transmit to its children. It illustrates this immigrant community’s ambivalence toward both socialist-Zionist discourse—which was hegemonic among Jews in Palestine—and its own German cultural heritage. It shows that these publishing initiatives gave voice to an alternative model of immigrant adaptation: accepting and even embracing the patriotic local culture in Palestine, without completely merging with it. Even in the 1940s, when German culture was generally taboo, subtle yet persistent attempts to reproduce Germanness in Hebrew-language children’s books revealed that this first generation of immigrants harbored conflicting feelings about their country of origin and their new national identity.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"26 1","pages":"117 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44366763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.01
Fox
Abstract:In the last two decades, journalists have chronicled a contemporary “Yiddish Revival,” focusing in particular on the language’s popularity among a subculture of young Jews. But, while the Holocaust and other circumstances threatened Yiddish on a global scale by the mid-twentieth century, youthful pursuits of, in, and for Yiddish are by no means new. Indeed, each American-born generation has produced a group of young activists who continued to produce, perform, and engage with Yiddish language and culture, adapting the ideals of the Yiddishist movement to new cultural, linguistic, and historical conditions. Chronicling this generational project through the lens of the Yiddishist youth movement Yugntruf and the Yiddish-speaking farm that grew out of it, this article demonstrates how Yiddishism has evolved to mirror the needs, desires, and visions of each North American cohort at its helm, taking on new forms through the lived experiences and relationships of its activists.
{"title":"“The Passionate Few”: Youth and Yiddishism in American Jewish Culture, 1964 to Present","authors":"Fox","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the last two decades, journalists have chronicled a contemporary “Yiddish Revival,” focusing in particular on the language’s popularity among a subculture of young Jews. But, while the Holocaust and other circumstances threatened Yiddish on a global scale by the mid-twentieth century, youthful pursuits of, in, and for Yiddish are by no means new. Indeed, each American-born generation has produced a group of young activists who continued to produce, perform, and engage with Yiddish language and culture, adapting the ideals of the Yiddishist movement to new cultural, linguistic, and historical conditions. Chronicling this generational project through the lens of the Yiddishist youth movement Yugntruf and the Yiddish-speaking farm that grew out of it, this article demonstrates how Yiddishism has evolved to mirror the needs, desires, and visions of each North American cohort at its helm, taking on new forms through the lived experiences and relationships of its activists.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43420712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.07
S. Zaritt
Abstract:This manifesto calls for a translational paradigm for Yiddish Studies and for the broader study of modern Jewish culture. The manifesto takes as a paradigm an early name for the Yiddish language, taytsh, which initially means “German,” and leverages the ways in which this name signifies the proximity of Jewish and non-Jewish languages and their intimate entanglements. The call to taytsh is meant to provide an alternative vocabulary for analyzing Jewish modernity that would uncover its embeddedness within global empires while avoiding the siloing of Jewish identity (as stable, unified, and translatable) within multicultural and pluralist systems. Instead, a taytsh paradigm sees Jewish cultural production as constituted by ceaseless translation, in which vernacular inscrutability mingles with the possibility and failure of universal communication. To perform a taytsh reading of a text is to examine the incomplete relations of Jewish modernity—its translational origins and its migratory ends.
{"title":"A Taytsh Manifesto: Yiddish, Translation, and the Making of Modern Jewish Culture","authors":"S. Zaritt","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This manifesto calls for a translational paradigm for Yiddish Studies and for the broader study of modern Jewish culture. The manifesto takes as a paradigm an early name for the Yiddish language, taytsh, which initially means “German,” and leverages the ways in which this name signifies the proximity of Jewish and non-Jewish languages and their intimate entanglements. The call to taytsh is meant to provide an alternative vocabulary for analyzing Jewish modernity that would uncover its embeddedness within global empires while avoiding the siloing of Jewish identity (as stable, unified, and translatable) within multicultural and pluralist systems. Instead, a taytsh paradigm sees Jewish cultural production as constituted by ceaseless translation, in which vernacular inscrutability mingles with the possibility and failure of universal communication. To perform a taytsh reading of a text is to examine the incomplete relations of Jewish modernity—its translational origins and its migratory ends.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"26 1","pages":"186 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49216667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.05
Lazar
Abstract:This article uses the history of Jewish street names in Frankfurt to challenge prevailing narratives about World War I’s deleterious effect on Jewish integration in Germany. It also shows how spatial theory can raise new questions and enrich our understanding of the nature and markers of Jewish integration. By naming streets after prominent local and national Jews between 1872 and 1933, Frankfurt’s municipal government used urban space to physically reinforce the idea that Jews were an integral part of their city’s history and culture. The continued presence of many of these 49 Jewish street names during the five years following the Nazi Party’s seizure of power suggests a surprising tenacity of certain elements of Jewish integration at a local level into the early years of the Third Reich. In the end, only an outside edict from Berlin brought about the final “aryanization” of Frankfurt’s streets.
{"title":"Swastikas on Jacob-Schiff-Straße: The Peculiar History of Jewish Street Names in Frankfurt, 1872–1938","authors":"Lazar","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article uses the history of Jewish street names in Frankfurt to challenge prevailing narratives about World War I’s deleterious effect on Jewish integration in Germany. It also shows how spatial theory can raise new questions and enrich our understanding of the nature and markers of Jewish integration. By naming streets after prominent local and national Jews between 1872 and 1933, Frankfurt’s municipal government used urban space to physically reinforce the idea that Jews were an integral part of their city’s history and culture. The continued presence of many of these 49 Jewish street names during the five years following the Nazi Party’s seizure of power suggests a surprising tenacity of certain elements of Jewish integration at a local level into the early years of the Third Reich. In the end, only an outside edict from Berlin brought about the final “aryanization” of Frankfurt’s streets.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"26 1","pages":"118 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：