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Social network analysis of the Babylonian Talmud 巴比伦塔木德经》的社会网络分析
IF 0.8 3区 文学 N/A HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqae037
Michael L Satlow, Michael Sperling
This article analyzes the citation network of the Babylonian Talmud, building on an earlier article that we published (Satlow and Sperling 2022). The article has three goals. Our first goal is to show how an ontological-based information extraction system combined with pattern matching can successfully extract structured data from a very complicated, unstructured text. Our second goal is to extend our previous analysis and demonstrate how citation data might lead to wider conclusions about redactional patterns. In addition to highlighting the citation tendencies of different tractates (which could indicate different redactors for those tractates), we hypothesize that there existed a source document originating in the circle of Rav Yehudah bar Yehezkel, used by at least some redactors, and that the character of Rabbi Zeira deserves further attention as an important figure connecting different nodes on the network. Finally, we seek to outline an analytical workflow that could be helpful to other historical projects in the digital humanities.
本文分析了《巴比伦塔木德经》的引文网络,以我们之前发表的一篇文章(Satlow and Sperling 2022)为基础。本文有三个目标。第一个目标是展示基于本体的信息提取系统如何结合模式匹配,成功地从非常复杂的非结构化文本中提取结构化数据。我们的第二个目标是扩展我们之前的分析,并展示引文数据如何能为编辑模式带来更广泛的结论。除了强调不同篇章的引用倾向(这可能表明这些篇章有不同的节录者)之外,我们还假设存在一个源文件,该源文件源自 Rav Yehudah bar Yehezkel 的圈子,至少被一些节录者使用,而拉比-泽拉(Rabbi Zeira)作为连接网络上不同节点的重要人物值得进一步关注。最后,我们试图勾勒出一种分析工作流程,它可能对数字人文领域的其他历史项目有所帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Unraveling Eileen Chang’s stylistic multiverse: insights from multivariate analysis with multifactorial design 解读张爱玲的多元文体:多因素设计多元分析的启示
IF 0.7 3区 文学 N/A HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqae040
Kan Wu, Defeng Li
This study employs multivariate analysis within a multifactorial design to investigate the author-translator style of distinguished Chinese author Eileen Chang. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), it examines Chang’s stylistic multiverse across three literary types: original writing, self-translation, and regular translation of others’ works. The findings reveal diverse patterns of stylistic convergence and divergence among these literary types, analyzed using the metrics of the most frequent words: 200-MFW, 20-MFW, and 5-MFW. These patterns are shaped by the perspectives introduced by two explanatory factors, translation status (original versus translated) and translation type (self-translation versus regular translation), and influenced by Chang’s literary ambition, translation philosophy, and patronage. The study contributes methodologically to author-translator style research by demonstrating the effectiveness of multifactorial and multivariate approaches, which not only provide profound insights into datasets but facilitate methodological triangulation.
本研究采用多因素设计中的多元分析来研究杰出华人作家张爱玲的作者-译者风格。研究采用主成分分析法(PCA)和线性判别分析法(LDA),考察了张爱玲在三种文学类型中的文体多元性:原创写作、自译和定期翻译他人作品。研究结果揭示了这些文学类型在文体上的趋同和差异的不同模式:200-MFW、20-MFW 和 5-MFW。这些模式由两个解释因素(翻译地位(原文与译文)和翻译类型(自译与常译))所引入的视角所塑造,并受到张氏的文学抱负、翻译理念和赞助人的影响。本研究在方法论上为作者-译者风格研究做出了贡献,展示了多因素和多变量方法的有效性,这些方法不仅能为数据集提供深刻的见解,还能促进方法论上的三角测量。
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引用次数: 0
Ancient classical theatre from the digital humanities: a systematic review 2010–21 数字人文学科中的古代古典戏剧:2010-21 年系统回顾
IF 0.8 3区 文学 N/A HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqae033
Roxana Beatriz Martínez Nieto, Monika Dabrowska
The aim of this article is to offer a systematic review of digital studies that provide new research perspectives on ancient classical theatre. The undeniable progress in the field of computational analysis in the service of traditional textual interpretation is helping to study in greater depth and to interpret in greater detail the classical linguistic corpora that have come down to us through the manuscript tradition. The new model of digital research is integrated not only in the field of information technologies, but also in the field of e-learning, where we can already observe the implementation of a new educational model. Based on the digital processing of data on Greco-Roman theatre, a systematic review is presented, following the methodological principles of the PRISMA statement [Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2009 (2020)].
本文旨在对为古代古典戏剧提供新研究视角的数字研究进行系统回顾。不可否认,计算分析领域在传统文本解读方面取得的进展有助于更深入地研究和更详细地解读通过手稿传统流传下来的古典语言语料库。数字化研究的新模式不仅融入了信息技术领域,而且也融入了电子学习领域,在这一领域,我们已经可以看到一种新的教育模式的实施。在对希腊-罗马戏剧数据进行数字化处理的基础上,按照 PRISMA 声明[2009 年(2020 年)系统综述和元分析首选报告项目]的方法论原则,提出了一项系统综述。
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引用次数: 0
Personality prediction via multi-task transformer architecture combined with image aesthetics 通过多任务转换器架构结合图像美学进行人格预测
IF 0.8 3区 文学 N/A HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqae034
Shahryar Salmani Bajestani, Mohammad Mahdi Khalilzadeh, Mahdi Azarnoosh, Hamid Reza Kobravi
Social media has found its path into the daily lives of people. There are several ways that users communicate in which liking and sharing images stands out. Each image shared by a user can be analyzed from aesthetic and personality traits views. In recent studies, it has been proved that personality traits impact personalized image aesthetics assessment. In this article, the same pattern was studied from a different perspective. So, we evaluated the impact of image aesthetics on personality traits to check if there is any relation between them in this form. Hence, in a two-stage architecture, we have leveraged image aesthetics to predict the personality traits of users. The first stage includes a multi-task deep learning paradigm that consists of an encoder/decoder in which the core of the network is a Swin Transformer. The second stage combines image aesthetics and personality traits with an attention mechanism for personality trait prediction. The results showed that the proposed method had achieved an average Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (SROCC) of 0.776 in image aesthetic on the Flickr-AES database and an average SROCC of 0.6730 on the PsychoFlickr database, which outperformed related SOTA (State of the Art) studies. The average accuracy performance of the first stage was boosted by 7.02 per cent in the second stage, considering the influence of image aesthetics on personality trait prediction.
社交媒体已进入人们的日常生活。用户有多种交流方式,其中喜欢和分享图片的方式最为突出。用户分享的每张图片都可以从审美和个性特征的角度进行分析。最近的研究证明,个性特征会影响个性化图片美学评估。在本文中,我们从不同的角度研究了相同的模式。因此,我们评估了形象美学对人格特质的影响,以检查在这种形式下它们之间是否存在任何关系。因此,在一个两阶段的架构中,我们利用图像美学来预测用户的个性特征。第一阶段包括多任务深度学习范式,由编码器/解码器组成,其中网络的核心是 Swin Transformer。第二阶段将图像美学和个性特征结合起来,利用注意力机制进行个性特征预测。结果表明,所提出的方法在 Flickr-AES 数据库的图像美学方面取得了平均 0.776 的斯皮尔曼秩相关系数(SROCC),在 PsychoFlickr 数据库的图像美学方面取得了平均 0.6730 的斯皮尔曼秩相关系数(SROCC),优于相关的 SOTA(艺术水平)研究。考虑到图像美学对人格特质预测的影响,第一阶段的平均准确率在第二阶段提高了 7.02%。
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引用次数: 0
Language-based machine perception: linguistic perspectives on the compilation of captioning datasets 基于语言的机器感知:从语言学角度看字幕数据集的编制工作
IF 0.8 3区 文学 N/A HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqae029
Laura Hekanaho, Maija Hirvonen, Tuomas Virtanen
Over the last decade, a plethora of training datasets have been compiled for use in language-based machine perception and in human-centered AI, alongside research regarding their compilation methods. From a primarily linguistic perspective, we add to these studies in two ways. First, we provide an overview of sixty-six training datasets used in automatic image, video, and audio captioning, examining their compilation methods with a metadata analysis. Second, we delve into the annotation process of crowdsourced datasets with an interest in understanding the linguistic factors that affect the form and content of the captions, such as contextualization and perspectivation. With a qualitative content analysis, we examine annotator instructions with a selection of eleven datasets. Drawing from various theoretical frameworks that help assess the effectiveness of the instructions, we discuss the visual and textual presentation of the instructions, as well as the perspective-guidance that is an essential part of the language instructions. While our analysis indicates that some standards in the formulation of instructions seem to have formed in the field, we also identified various reoccurring issues potentially hindering readability and comprehensibility of the instructions, and therefore, caption quality. To enhance readability, we emphasize the importance of text structure, organization of the information, consistent use of typographical cues, and clarity of language use. Last, engaging with previous research, we assess the compilation of both web-sourced and crowdsourced captioning datasets from various perspectives, discussing factors affecting the diversity of the datasets.
在过去的十年中,已经有大量的训练数据集被编译用于基于语言的机器感知和以人为中心的人工智能,同时还有关于其编译方法的研究。我们主要从语言学的角度,从两个方面对这些研究进行补充。首先,我们概述了用于自动图像、视频和音频字幕的 66 个训练数据集,并通过元数据分析研究了它们的编译方法。其次,我们深入研究了众包数据集的注释过程,希望了解影响字幕形式和内容的语言因素,如语境化和视角化。通过定性内容分析,我们选取了 11 个数据集来研究注释者的说明。我们借鉴了有助于评估说明有效性的各种理论框架,讨论了说明的视觉和文本呈现方式,以及作为语言说明重要组成部分的视角指导。我们的分析表明,在制定说明方面似乎已经形成了一些标准,但我们也发现了一些反复出现的问题,这些问题可能会妨碍说明的可读性和可理解性,从而影响字幕质量。为了提高可读性,我们强调了文本结构、信息组织、排版提示的连贯使用以及语言使用清晰度的重要性。最后,结合之前的研究,我们从不同角度评估了网络来源和众包字幕数据集的编译情况,并讨论了影响数据集多样性的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Shakespeare Machine: New AI-Based Technologies for Textual Analysis 莎士比亚机器基于人工智能的文本分析新技术
IF 0.8 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqae021
Carl Ehrett, Lucian Ghita, Dillon Ranwala, Alison Menezes
This article demonstrates a method using tools from the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to aid in analyzing theatrical texts and similar works. The method deploys pre-trained large language model neural networks to gather metadata for a text that is amenable to downstream statistical analyses surfacing patterns of interest in character dialogue. We specifically focus on Shakespeare’s works, collecting metadata in the form of sentiment and emotion scores for each line of his plays. In addition to sentiment and emotion scores produced by NLP models, we also directly gather metadata such as genre, line length, and character gender. We show how these metadata may be used to illuminate a number of interesting patterns in Shakespearean character which may be difficult to detect from a direct reading of the texts. We use these metadata to expose statistically significant relationships in Shakespeare between character gender and the emotional content of that character’s dialogue, controlling for genre. We also present here the publicly available dataset that we have compiled to perform these analyses. The data collects text from Shakespeare’s plays along with a variety of metadata useful for this and other forms of analysis of Shakespeare’s works. The methodology demonstrated here may be extended to other varieties of metadata provided by large NLP models.
本文展示了一种利用自然语言处理(NLP)工具来帮助分析戏剧文本和类似作品的方法。该方法利用预先训练好的大型语言模型神经网络来收集文本的元数据,以便进行下游统计分析,找出人物对话中值得关注的模式。我们特别关注莎士比亚的作品,以情感和情绪分数的形式收集其戏剧中每一行的元数据。除了由 NLP 模型产生的情感和情绪分数外,我们还直接收集了流派、台词长度和人物性别等元数据。我们展示了如何利用这些元数据来揭示莎士比亚剧中人物的一些有趣模式,而这些模式可能很难通过直接阅读文本来发现。我们利用这些元数据揭示了莎士比亚戏剧中人物性别与该人物对话情感内容之间在统计学上的重要关系,并对体裁进行了控制。我们还在此介绍我们为进行这些分析而编制的公开数据集。该数据集收集了莎士比亚戏剧中的文本以及各种元数据,这些元数据对于分析莎士比亚作品以及其他形式的分析非常有用。这里展示的方法可以扩展到大型 NLP 模型提供的其他各种元数据。
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引用次数: 0
Who wrote the first Constitutions of Freemasonry? 共济会的第一部章程是谁写的?
IF 0.8 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqae023
Róbert Péter, Alejandro Napolitano Jawerbaum
This article addresses the problematic authorship of The Constitutions of the Free-Masons (1723). Traditionally associated with James Anderson, using stylometry, we examine whether and, if so, where John T. Desaguliers, the prime mover of early English institutionalized Freemasonry, contributed to this publication. Our corpus includes writings by Anderson, Desaguliers, and two contemporary Freemasons used as distractors. The transcribed works contain texts from different genres and of varying lengths. In our methodology, we employ a wide range of robust, multivariate, unsupervised, and cross-validated supervised tests, verified through significance testing, which can hopefully contribute to the establishment of standards for historical authorship attribution. Our results suggest, in line with historical evidence, that the legendary history of the Constitutions was most likely primarily authored by Anderson. However, several of the Charges including the first one ‘Concerning God and religion’, one of the most disputed texts in the history of Freemasonry, are closer to the style of Desaguliers. The General Regulations concerning the organization of the lodges, hitherto attributed to George Payne, played a fundamental role in spreading Freemasonry worldwide. Our analyses show that the stylistic affinity of fifteen of the thirty-nine regulations has a pronounced closeness to Anderson’s style, five align more closely with Desaguliers’ style. The authorship of the rest remains inconclusive partly due to the insufficient length of texts by Payne. These novel findings are also supported by a close reading of the Constitutions and other contemporary primary sources.
本文探讨了《共济会章程》(1723 年)的作者问题。传统上,《共济会章程》的作者是詹姆斯-安德森(James Anderson),我们利用文体测量法,研究了英国早期共济会制度化的主要推动者约翰-T-德萨古利尔(John T. Desaguliers)是否为该出版物做出了贡献,以及如果是,他在哪里做出了贡献。我们的语料库包括安德森、德萨古里埃和两位当代共济会员的著作。转录的作品包含不同体裁和不同长度的文本。在我们的研究方法中,我们采用了一系列稳健、多元、无监督和交叉验证的监督测试,并通过显著性测试进行了验证,希望这些测试能为建立历史作者归属标准做出贡献。我们的研究结果表明,根据历史证据,《宪法》的传奇历史很可能主要由安德森撰写。然而,包括第一条 "关于上帝和宗教"(共济会历史上最有争议的文本之一)在内的几条训令更接近德萨古里埃的风格。迄今为止,乔治-佩恩(George Payne)所编写的有关组织结社的《总条例》在向全世界传播共济会方面发挥了重要作用。我们的分析表明,在 39 份条例中,有 15 份在风格上明显接近安德森的风格,有 5 份更接近德萨古里埃的风格。其余条例的作者仍然没有定论,部分原因是佩恩的文本篇幅不够。这些新发现也得到了《宪法》和其他当代原始资料的细读支持。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Research Methods for Translation Studies. Julie McDonough Dolmaya 翻译研究的数字化研究方法。朱莉-麦克唐纳-多尔玛亚
IF 0.8 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqae026
Yuhua Fang, Jinqiao Zhou
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引用次数: 0
Parameterization of manipulative media discourse: possibilities and problems of automatic diagnosis 操纵性媒体话语的参数化:自动诊断的可能性和问题
IF 0.8 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqae024
Maigul Shakenova, Dybys Tashimkhanova, Gulvira Shaikova, Ulzhan Ospanova, Olga Popovich
The issue of quantitative measurement and automatic processing is a significant problem in determining the markers of the manipulative potential of media texts, since linguistic indicators are the basis of machine parameterization. The purpose of the research is to analyse the possibilities of the main language parameters of the manipulativeness of media discourse, which can be identified using machine learning. To achieve the research goals, the following methods were used: system, content analysis, computer modelling, and comparative. The results of the article determined that such language indicators as use of the subjunctive mood of verbs, capital letters, high frequency of use of the ‘not’ particle, punctuation marks, questions, or exclamations of a rhetorical nature, use of quotation marks for the purpose of irony, double negative sentences, use of the word ‘no’, and verbal structures calling to action act as computer classification parameters. In order to cover the above purpose, PYTHON software was implemented that allowed texts to be analysed and visualized in algorithmic and lexical-vocabulary ways. In addition, it was determined that by integrating the PYTHON tool, it became possible to use language transformation markers that formed linguistic patterns in the analysed text. The list of parameters for diagnosing manipulative texts is non-exhaustive, which emphasizes the possibility of machine measurement of the manipulative component of mass media discourse.
定量测量和自动处理问题是确定媒体文本操纵潜力标记的一个重要问题,因为语言指标是机器参数化的基础。本研究的目的是分析媒体话语操纵性主要语言参数的可能性,这些参数可以通过机器学习来确定。为实现研究目标,使用了以下方法:系统、内容分析、计算机建模和比较。文章的研究结果确定,动词从句语气的使用、大写字母、"不 "的高频率使用、标点符号、疑问句或具有修辞性质的感叹句、为反讽目的而使用引号、双重否定句、"不 "的使用以及号召行动的言语结构等语言指标可作为计算机分类参数。为了达到上述目的,我们使用了PYTHON软件,该软件允许以算法和词汇的方式对文本进行分析和可视化。此外,通过整合 "PYTHON "工具,还可以使用语言转换标记,在分析文本中形成语言模式。用于诊断操纵性文本的参数清单并非详尽无遗,这强调了对大众媒体话语中的操纵性成分进行机器测量的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Literary Digital Stylistics in Translation Studies. Anna Maria Cipriani 翻译研究中的文学数字文体学。安娜-玛丽亚-西普里亚尼
IF 0.8 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqae025
Yuan Ping
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引用次数: 0
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Digital Scholarship in the Humanities
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