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Lexical diversity as a predictor of genre in TV shows 词汇多样性作为电视节目体裁的预测因子
3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad004
Mary Akbary, Scott Jarvis
Abstract Many studies have investigated the linguistic characteristics of television and have found important differences between categories of TV programs. Yet, little is known specifically about the lexical profiles of different genres of television discourse. The present study sought to address this gap by exploring the lexical diversity of 714 episodes representing four TV genres. The lexical diversity of each episode was measured using a six-dimensional model of lexical diversity. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine whether the four TV genres in the present study have unique lexical diversity profiles and whether the genres of individual TV episodes can be predicted based on the adopted model. The results indicated that the four genres do indeed exhibit unique lexical diversity profiles; it was also found that the genres of individual TV episodes can be predicted with approximately 91% accuracy based on this model. These findings were interpreted as underscoring the relevance of lexical diversity to genre analysis of TV shows and the importance of using a theoretically grounded multivariate model of this construct.
许多研究对电视的语言特征进行了调查,并发现了电视节目类别之间的重要差异。然而,人们对不同类型电视语篇的词汇特征却知之甚少。本研究试图通过探索代表四种电视类型的714集的词汇多样性来解决这一差距。使用词汇多样性的六维模型测量每个情节的词汇多样性。本研究采用多项逻辑回归来检验四种电视类型是否具有独特的词汇多样性特征,以及所采用的模型是否可以预测个别电视剧集的类型。结果表明,这四种文体确实表现出独特的词汇多样性特征;研究还发现,基于该模型,单个电视剧的类型预测准确率约为91%。这些发现被解释为强调了词汇多样性与电视节目类型分析的相关性,以及使用这种结构的理论基础多元模型的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
A learning approach towards metre-based classification of similar Hindi poems using proposed two-level data transformation 基于节拍的相似印地语诗歌的两级数据转换学习方法
IF 0.8 3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad011
Komal Naaz, Niraj Kumar Singh
With the advancement in technology and digitalization of resources, computation of humanities problems is no exception to remain untouched. Automatic poetry classification is now a well-defined problem which can be solved using various approaches. Mood-based poetry classification is one of the popular ones. We propose a learning approach towards metre-based classification of Hindi metrical poetry. The state of art model for the metre-based poetry classification uses the rule-based approach whereas the proposed system uses learning models to perform classification. Feature extraction and classification are the two main components of text classification in natural language processing. Text is transformed into machine-readable numbers through the process of feature extraction, which is subsequently submitted to classification models. Poems, in their most natural formulation, are unfit to any learning-based algorithms. However, transforming the data into certain form and selecting a fixed number of features out of it (feature extraction) made the classification possible using machine learning approach which was yet untouched and can act as benchmark for the concerned area of research. The article deals with six popular and similar types of Hindi poems. The dataset is collected and processed to form an early dataset that undergoes two levels of data transformation and feature engineering, resulting in the pre-processed dataset. The pre-processed dataset is then fed as input to selected machine learning models (Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbour, random forest, and support vector machine) producing classification result with best accuracy of 99%, that further undergoes a post-processing step based on observed misclassifications.
随着科技的进步和资源的数字化,人文学科的计算问题也不例外。诗歌自动分类是一个定义明确的问题,可以使用多种方法来解决。基于情绪的诗歌分类是一种流行的分类方法。我们提出了一种基于节拍的印地语格律诗分类的学习方法。基于节拍的诗歌分类模型采用基于规则的方法,而本系统采用学习模型进行分类。特征提取和分类是自然语言处理中文本分类的两个主要组成部分。文本通过特征提取过程转换为机器可读的数字,随后提交给分类模型。诗歌,以其最自然的形式,不适合任何基于学习的算法。然而,将数据转换成一定的形式并从中选择固定数量的特征(特征提取)使得使用尚未触及的机器学习方法进行分类成为可能,并且可以作为相关研究领域的基准。这篇文章讨论了六种流行的和类似类型的印地语诗歌。对数据集进行收集和处理,形成早期数据集,经过数据转换和特征工程两级处理,得到预处理数据集。然后将预处理的数据集作为输入馈送到选定的机器学习模型(伯努利Naïve贝叶斯,k近邻,随机森林和支持向量机),产生准确率最高为99%的分类结果,并根据观察到的错误分类进一步进行后处理步骤。
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引用次数: 1
Is it time to reconsider Henry V? 是时候重新考虑亨利五世了吗?
IF 0.8 3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad015
T. Merriam
The average word length of the verse sections of Henry V is greater than that of the prose sections. Contrary to the assumption that word length primarily reflects literary medium (prose–verse), a more extended examination reveals that differences in word length can also reflect differences in authorship. Since 1998, a variety of stylistic analyses have pointed in the same direction: the verse of Henry V is not generally by Shakespeare who wrote the play’s prose.
《亨利五世》的韵文部分的平均字数要大于散文部分。与单词长度主要反映文学媒介(散文体)的假设相反,更广泛的研究表明,单词长度的差异也可以反映作者的差异。自1998年以来,各种文体分析都指向同一个方向:《亨利五世》的诗句通常不是出自为该剧写散文的莎士比亚之手。
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引用次数: 0
A multimodal turn in Digital Humanities. Using contrastive machine learning models to explore, enrich, and analyze digital visual historical collections 数字人文学科的多模式转变。使用对比机器学习模型来探索、丰富和分析数字视觉历史收藏品
IF 0.8 3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad008
T. Smits, M. Wevers
Until recently, most research in the Digital Humanities (DH) was monomodal, meaning that the object of analysis was either textual or visual. Seeking to integrate multimodality theory into the DH, this article demonstrates that recently developed multimodal deep learning models, such as Contrastive Language Image Pre-training (CLIP), offer new possibilities to explore and analyze image–text combinations at scale. These models, which are trained on image and text pairs, can be applied to a wide range of text-to-image, image-to-image, and image-to-text prediction tasks. Moreover, multimodal models show high accuracy in zero-shot classification, i.e. predicting unseen categories across heterogeneous datasets. Based on three exploratory case studies, we argue that this zero-shot capability opens up the way for a multimodal turn in DH research. Moreover, multimodal models allow scholars to move past the artificial separation of text and images that was dominant in the field and analyze multimodal meaning at scale. However, we also need to be aware of the specific (historical) bias of multimodal deep learning that stems from biases in the training data used to train these models.
直到最近,数字人文学科(DH)的大多数研究都是单模的,这意味着分析的对象要么是文本的,要么是视觉的。为了将多模态理论整合到DH中,本文展示了最近开发的多模态深度学习模型,如对比语言图像预训练(CLIP),为大规模探索和分析图像-文本组合提供了新的可能性。这些模型是在图像和文本对上训练的,可以应用于广泛的文本到图像、图像到图像和图像到文本的预测任务。此外,多模态模型在零射击分类中显示出很高的准确性,即在异构数据集中预测未见过的类别。基于三个探索性案例研究,我们认为这种零射击能力为DH研究的多模式转向开辟了道路。此外,多模态模型使学者们能够超越在该领域占主导地位的文本和图像的人为分离,并在规模上分析多模态意义。然而,我们还需要意识到多模态深度学习的特定(历史)偏差,这种偏差源于用于训练这些模型的训练数据中的偏差。
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引用次数: 4
Retraction of: Statistical approaches in literature: Comparing and clustering the alternatives of love in Divan of Hafiz 文献中的统计方法:比较和聚类哈菲兹的迪凡的爱的选择
3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad002
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引用次数: 0
The status of the Jewish temple in modern Hebrew literature (1848–1948): a big-data analysis 犹太圣殿在现代希伯来文学中的地位(1848-1948):一个大数据分析
IF 0.8 3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad010
Isaac Hershkowitz
Since its final destruction in antiquity, the memory of the temple in Jerusalem has served as the nexus of Jewish liturgy and messianic worldview. This article has sought to examine the ideological and cultural roles played by the image of the Jewish temple in the Hebrew literature of 1848–1948. Toward this end, I formulated a broad corpus comprised of homogeneous genres and authors, namely those which situate the temple as their main focus. The evidence arising from this corpus suggests that the conceptual role of the temple underwent no dramatic transformations; the temple in this literature, taken as a whole, is mostly indistinguishable from the historical, religious, and nationalistic symbol that featured in the Jewish tradition over nearly 2,000 years. The bulk of the present corpus places the temple in conceptual and historical contexts that are familiar and very similar to those of the historical temple in all its contexts, without removing it from the domains of Jewish nationalism or classical religiosity. These findings contravene my initial presupposition that the discourse of the temple had undergone a metamorphosis in the 19th and 20th centuries, the image of the temple had changed into an abstract symbol for world peace, moral perfection, and intellectual and scientific excellence.
自从它在古代最后被毁以来,对耶路撒冷圣殿的记忆一直是犹太人礼拜仪式和救世主世界观的纽带。本文试图考察犹太圣殿形象在1848-1948年希伯来文学中所扮演的意识形态和文化角色。为此,我建立了一个由同质流派和作者组成的广泛语料库,即那些将寺庙作为主要焦点的流派和作者。从这个语料库中得到的证据表明,寺庙的概念角色没有发生戏剧性的转变;从整体上看,这篇文献中的神庙与近2000年来犹太传统中的历史、宗教和民族主义象征几乎没有区别。本语料库的大部分内容将圣殿置于概念和历史背景中,这些概念和历史环境在所有背景下都与历史圣殿非常相似,而没有将其从犹太民族主义或古典宗教的领域中移除。这些发现违背了我最初的假设,即寺庙的话语在19世纪和20世纪经历了一次蜕变,寺庙的形象已经变成了世界和平、道德完美、智力和科学卓越的抽象象征。
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引用次数: 0
Effective annotation for the automatic vectorization of cadastral maps 地籍图自动矢量化的有效标注
IF 0.8 3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad006
Rémi Petitpierre, Paul Guhennec
The great potential brought by large-scale data in the humanities is still hindered by the time and technicality required for making documents digitally intelligible. Within urban studies, historical cadasters have been hitherto largely under-explored despite their informative value. Powerful and generic technologies, based on neural networks, to automate the vectorization of historical maps have recently become available. However, the transfer of these technologies is hampered by the scarcity of interdisciplinary exchanges and a lack of practical literature destinated to humanities scholars, especially on the key step of the pipeline: the annotation. In this article, we propose a set of practical recommendations based on empirical findings on document annotation and automatic vectorization, focusing on the example case of historical cadasters. Our recommendations are generic and easily applicable, based on a solid experience on concrete and diverse projects.
大规模数据在人文学科中带来的巨大潜力仍然受到使文档数字化所需的时间和技术性的阻碍。在城市研究中,尽管历史地籍具有信息价值,但迄今为止,它们大多未被充分探索。最近,基于神经网络的强大通用技术已经问世,可以自动对历史地图进行矢量化。然而,这些技术的转让受到了跨学科交流的稀缺和人文学者实用文献的缺乏的阻碍,尤其是在管道的关键步骤:注释方面。在这篇文章中,我们基于文献注释和自动矢量化的经验发现,以历史地籍图为例,提出了一套实用的建议。我们的建议是通用的,易于适用,基于在具体和多样化项目方面的丰富经验。
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引用次数: 1
Digital remediation and visual manipulation: Blogs as breathing spaces for Chinese tattoo wearers and enthusiasts 数字修复和视觉操作:博客是中国纹身者和爱好者的喘息空间
IF 0.8 3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad005
Songqing Li
Digital remediation increasingly plays a pivotal role in delivering political messages. This study examines postings of corporeally mediated tattoos in a China-based blog, focusing on in what sense blogs can provide a breathing or even emancipating space for Chinese tattoo wearers and enthusiasts to control the viewer’s perceptions of tattooing and negotiate long-standing stigmatized associations of tattoos there. The study analyzes 305 postings collected from the blog covering a period between 24 April 2020 and 3 May 2021, taking a quantitative approach. Methodologically, it first analyses the distribution of the signs across body parts as displayed. By applying multimodal perspectives, this study also investigates photographic techniques such as distance, angle, gaze, and modality harnessed and exploited for visual manipulation during digital remediation of turning body narratives into digital narratives. Findings of the study suggest that digital remediation facilitates personal expression of tattoo wearers and photographic techniques play a critical role in introducing ready alignment of the viewer with the postings. The study thus adds quantitative inquiries to existing, mostly qualitative, studies of tattoos which usually rest on interviews with tattoo wearers, enthusiasts, and artists for an account of tattoo narratives in connection to personal expression and self-definition. Its findings would be inspiring to socially stigmatized and marginalized groups to circumvent social, cultural, and political barriers to communicate and make their stories heard to more people.
数字补救在传递政治信息方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。这项研究考察了一个中国博客中关于身体中介纹身的帖子,重点关注博客在什么意义上可以为中国纹身佩戴者和爱好者提供一个喘息甚至解放的空间,以控制观众对纹身的看法,并与那里长期被污名化的纹身协会进行谈判。该研究采用定量方法分析了2020年4月24日至2021年5月3日期间从博客中收集的305条帖子。在方法上,它首先分析了所显示的标志在身体各部位的分布。通过应用多模态视角,本研究还研究了在将身体叙事转化为数字叙事的数字修复过程中,用于视觉操纵的摄影技术,如距离、角度、凝视和模态。研究结果表明,数字修复有助于纹身佩戴者的个人表达,而摄影技术在引导观众与帖子保持一致方面发挥着关键作用。因此,这项研究在现有的、主要是定性的纹身研究基础上增加了定量调查,这些研究通常基于对纹身佩戴者、爱好者和艺术家的采访,以了解与个人表达和自我定义有关的纹身叙事。它的发现将激励被社会污名化和边缘化的群体绕过社会、文化和政治障碍进行交流,让更多人听到他们的故事。
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引用次数: 0
Louise or Ferdinand? Exploring the protagonists of Love and Intrigue using social network analysis 路易斯还是费迪南?运用社交网络分析探究《爱与阴谋》的主人公
IF 0.8 3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad007
Nana Pang, Meng Sun, Haoran Zhu
Love and Intrigue is an outstanding work by the German dramatist Friedrich Schiller. This work was initially titled Louise Millerin, which was changed to Love and Intrigue before its premiere. The title Louise Millerin indicates the importance of the female character Louise in the drama. However, is Louise the real protagonist of the drama? Existing research provided no definitive answer to this question. Scholars have not agreed on who the protagonist is in the drama and how to quantify the prominence of the character. To address these issues, this study adopts Social Network Analysis (SNA) to visualize the character network, quantify the centrality of the characters, and perform cluster analysis of the characters in Love and Intrigue. The results indicate that Ferdinand displays the highest prominence and has higher stability regarding centrality than Louise. We explore possible reasons behind the findings. First, the highlighting of the male character Ferdinand may reflect male dominance in the eighteenth-century Germany. Second, Schiller incorporated his personal experiences and emotional preferences into the writing of the drama, leading to his favor of Ferdinand. Third, Schiller may have also been influenced by the style of previous German playwrights. By applying SNA to literary research, this study presents a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the characters in Love and Intrigue and contributes to the research on Schiller’s works.
《爱与阴谋》是德国剧作家席勒的一部杰出作品。这部作品最初的名字是路易斯·米勒林,在首映前改为《爱与阴谋》。标题Louise Millerin表明了女性角色Louise在剧中的重要性。然而,路易丝是这部剧的真正主角吗?现有的研究并没有为这个问题提供明确的答案。对于剧中的主角是谁以及如何量化角色的突出程度,学者们还没有达成一致。为了解决这些问题,本研究采用社会网络分析(SNA)对人物网络进行可视化,量化人物的中心性,并对《爱与阴谋》中的人物进行聚类分析。结果表明,费迪南表现出最高的突出性,在中心性方面比路易斯具有更高的稳定性。我们探讨了这些发现背后的可能原因。首先,男性角色斐迪南的突出可能反映了18世纪德国男性的统治地位。其次,席勒将自己的个人经历和情感偏好融入到戏剧创作中,从而对斐迪南产生了好感。第三,席勒可能也受到了以前德国剧作家风格的影响。本研究将SNA应用于文学研究,对《爱与阴谋》中的人物形象进行了全面深入的分析,有助于席勒作品的研究。
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引用次数: 0
To say almost the same thing? A study on cross-linguistic variation in ancient texts and their translations 说几乎相同的话?古代文本的跨语言变异及其翻译研究
3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqac086
Chiara Palladino, Tariq Yousef
Abstract This article presents a study of several parallel corpora of historical languages and their translations. The aligned corpora are the result of a large crowdsourcing project, named Ugarit, aimed at supporting translation alignment for ancient and historical languages: the study of the resulting translation pairs allows us to observe cross-linguistic dynamics in a range of languages, some of which have never been systematically aligned before. The corpora considered are divided into two distinct groups: English translations of ancient languages, including Greek, Latin, Persian, and Coptic; and translations of ancient Greek into other languages, including Latin, English, Georgian, Italian, and Persian. We evaluated different ratios of word matching across each language pair (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many), and analyzed the resulting trends across the corpus. We propose some observations on how and why different types of alignment links are established in a given language pair, and what factors affect their creation beyond the control of the user: we propose two complementary hypotheses to explain the changes, one based on structural linguistic factors and the other based on cultural difference.
摘要本文对几种历史语言的平行语料库及其翻译进行了研究。对齐的语料库是一个名为Ugarit的大型众包项目的结果,该项目旨在支持古代和历史语言的翻译对齐:对结果翻译对的研究使我们能够观察一系列语言的跨语言动态,其中一些语言以前从未系统地对齐过。所考虑的语料库分为两个不同的组:古代语言的英语翻译,包括希腊语,拉丁语,波斯语和科普特语;以及将古希腊语翻译成其他语言,包括拉丁语、英语、格鲁吉亚语、意大利语和波斯语。我们评估了每个语言对(一对一、一对多、多对一和多对多)中单词匹配的不同比例,并分析了整个语料库的结果趋势。我们提出了一些关于如何以及为什么在给定的语言对中建立不同类型的对齐链接的观察,以及哪些因素影响它们的创造超出了用户的控制:我们提出了两个互补的假设来解释这些变化,一个基于结构语言因素,另一个基于文化差异。
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引用次数: 0
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Digital Scholarship in the Humanities
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