Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology最新文献

Objective: In the current scenario of medical sciences, homeopathy, the most popular system of therapy, is recognized as one of the components of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) across the world. Despite, a long debate is continuing whether homeopathy is just a placebo or more than it, homeopathy has been considered to be safe and cost-effectiveness therapeutic modality. A number of human ailments ranging from common to serious have been treated with homeopathy. However, selection of appropriate medicines against a disease is cumbersome task as total spectrum of symptoms of a patient guides this process. Available data suggest that homeopathy has potency not only to treat various types of cancers but also to reduce the side effects caused by standard therapeutic modalities like chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery. Although homeopathy has been widely used for management of cancers, its efficacy is still under question. In the present review, the anti-cancer effect of various homeopathic drugs against different kinds of cancers has been discussed and future course of action has also been suggested.

Objective: The potential anti-inflammatory efficacy of resin extract of Abies cilicica in glucose dependent inflammation and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) induced inflammation models was investigated. Its effects on monocyte adhesion, gene expression levels of P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM1 and transendothelial migration for the two in vitro models were measured. Also, total flavonoid and total phenolic contents of the extract were determined.

Objective: Monocyte adhesion tests showed that the extract increased 100% inflammatory effect of TNF-a induced inflammation. On the other hand, it did not change number of adherent monocytes in glucose dependent inflammation model. Although the extract has trigger effect on monocyte adhesion, it did not change migration of leukocytes across ECV304 cells after administration of TNFa on ECV304 cells. The number of migrated monocytes was similar with only TNFa incubation experiment results. However, it significantly decreased monocyte migration in glucose dependent inflammation model. In our both experimental inflammation model, ICAM-1 expression significantly decreased. Although it is known that triggering effect of TNF-a on ICAM-1 expression, the content of of resin extract of A. cilicica prevented this effect. Phenolic antioxidant capacity of the extract are higher than its flavonoid contents.This study provides the first evidence that the extract inhibits glucose dependent inflammation. It may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of chronic inflammation caused by diabetes.

Objective: Carcinoma of nasopharynx is a radiosensitive tumor and therapeutic response during radiation treatment can result in dosimetric variations in the delivered dose to the tumor and critical organs. This study was done to evaluate the volumetric and dosimetric changes seen in tumor tissue and organs at risk in a mid treatment planning scan and its implications for adaptive replanning. Twenty patients of locally advanced carcinoma nasopharynx were evaluated. All patients were started on treatment with a baseline treatment plan on SIB-VMAT. To evaluate volumetric and dosimetric changes during treatment, a mid treatment CT scan (MTS) was taken at the 17^th fraction of treatment and compared with the baseline planning CT scan (BS). Adaptive treatment plans were generated on the MTS and further treatment was continued on the adaptive plans. The mean weight loss observed at the 17th fraction of treatment was 3.4 ± 2.6 kg(Mean±S.D). The mean neck diameter at C2 level was 14.19±1.02 and 13.29 ± 1.14 cm in the BS and MTS respectively (p=0.001). The GTV 70 volume showed a 29.16% volume loss. The mean doses received by the right and left parotids were 25.45±0.98 and 24.64±3.8 Gy in the baseline treatment plan and 33.21±11.29 (p=0.054) and 31.76±8.44 Gy respectively in the MTS (p=0.016) The mean weight loss showed a statistically significant correlation with increase in the right parotid(p=0.043) and left parotid doses(p=0.024). Weight loss during treatment combined with volume changes in target tissues mandate routine adaptive replanning while treating carcinoma nasopharynx.

Objective: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the ovary is a rare tumour. Its pure form without any associated surface epithelial stromal or germ cell component is more rarely seen. Its prognosis is generally very poor even when the diagnosis is made at an early stage. We report a case of pure large cell neuroendocrine tumour of ovary. The patient was a 73-year-old woman with symptom of pelvic pain. Ultrasonography detected an abdominal tumour larger than 10 cm. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy with resection of the pelvic mass. After the surgery six cycles of chemotherapy (Etoposide and Cisplatin) were administered to the woman. She is still healthy after the last chemotherapy. Due to the rarity of the disease, few number of reported cases and the lack of systematic population based studies or registry data, we reported this case.

Objective: Candida yeast species are widespread opportunistic microbes and incidence of its carriage in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic controls is not clearly defined. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify the candida species in type I, type II diabetes mellitus patients and in controls. Study comprised of 60 subjects in the age range of 20 to 65 years, consisting of two groups of diabetes patients with controlled diabetic status (20 subjects each with type I and type II) and 20 age and sex matched controls. Saliva samples were collected from all groups and inoculated on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) to check for the fungus growth. The confirmed candidal colonies were further inoculated on CHROMagar for different colour differentiation. Out of 60 samples, 40 (66.67%) showed a positive fungal prevalence. Out of 40 positive fungal prevalence 82.50% were representative of candida. The positive fungal prevalence for candida I was 48.48%, in group II was 30.30%, in group III was 21.21 %. Further speciation in CHROMagar revealed different species of candida predominantly of candida albicans 20% and few mixed culture of candida albicans with candida krusei 5% and candida albicans with candida tropicalis 5% in group I. In group II, candida albicans was 35% and mixed culture of candida albicans with candida glabrata was 5%. In group III, candida albicans was 25% and candida tropicalis was 5%. The findings confirm that diabetic patients harbor yeast in their oral cavity and are more susceptible to oral candidiasis and also that CHROMagar medium is a satisfactory isolation medium for oral cavity specimens, allowing rapid and accurate identification of yeast colonies with easy recognition of mixed culture and is easy to use.

Objective: Mature cystic teratomas, also referred to as dermoid cysts, are one of the commonly occurring ovarian germ cell tumors. Malignant transformation of a germ cell tumor occurs approximately 1-2% of the time. Treatment options vary by stage and are not well outlined in the literature. Here we report a case of a perimenopausal female who presented with increasing abdominal girth and an elevated CA-125. Final pathology revealed an invasive squamous cell carcinoma, moderately to poorly differentiated, multifocal, arising in a cyst on the left ovary, possibly a teratoma. At the time of diagnosis, the patient was FIGO stage IA. The decision was made against adjuvant treatment. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is rare. Treatment options are not well outlined in the literature, especially for disease less than stage II. Further research is needed to better inform the clinician on management recommendations.

Backgound: The histogenesis process of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of salivary gland continues to remain a controversial subject. In this neoplasm, transition occurs from an epithelial or myoepithelial cell to a stromal element and is called an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) resulting in heterogeneity. The present research was aimed to study the morphological characteristics of varied components and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in PA using histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.

Materials & methods: For this purpose 15 PAs cases were selected from the archives and from each case of PA and 5 cases of normal salivary gland, five additional sections were cut from each for immunohistochemical analysis using E- cadherin, vimentin and a-actin. The numbers of immunoreactive cells were semi- quantitatively measured and also determined the intensity of the immunostaining reaction.

Result: Immunohistochemically, as the cells transitioned from the lumial cells to descrete/detached cells of ductal structures, the percentage of positive cells tends to decrease for E- cadherin and increases for vimentin and actin. Additionally, neoplastic cells towards the periphery of ducal-cystic structures or completely detached cells in the stroma showed intense to moderate positivity for vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA). Chondroid/ hyalinized or myxoid stroma showed variable staining with these markers.

Conclusion: Our study provides the evidence that epithelial-mesenchymal transition process represent the basic principle of the tisuse heterogeneity in pleomorphic adenomas.

Objective: Large uterine or cervical leiomyomas may cause acute urinary retention due to bladder outlet obstruction. We report two cases with acute urinary retention caused by cervical leiomyoma. Myomectomies were performed due to their desire of fertility and frozen-section examinations were reported as benign leiomyomas in both cases. The urinary symptoms completely resolved in two patients following myomectomies. In patients who are admitted with the complaint of acute urinary retention, cervical leiomyomas should be considered in differential diagnosis.

Background: Risk factors such as chronic use of tobacco, smoking and alcohol consumption of individual's lifestyle may possibly influence the significant role in the etiopathogenesis of precancerous lesions (PL) and Conditions (PC) and lead to oral cancer. Previous studies have revealed that genetic factors have contributed to a remarkable extent in the development of this chronic disease. Limited studies have confirmed that ABO blood groups remain reportedly possible genetic factor to the specific disease such as oral malignant. In this context, we have reported that individuals in a particular blood group are more prone to develop lesions and certain types of cancer. This has thrown a light to take up an effort to conduct this present study.

Materials and methods: The present study covering 105 patients and grouped into three subjects with 35 participants in each. a) oral squamous cell carcinoma b) oral leukoplakia and c) submucous fibrosis. Gender and age group impact was also made to understand the interaction between the focused sample groups. A separate control was gathered from a same geographical population composed of gender-matched healthy volunteers. Slide agglutination was employed for blood grouping and results were tabulated for statistical analysis.

Results: Blood group "A" exhibited a significant relationship between oral squamous cell carcinoma patient and odd ratio shown 1.74 times higher risk of developing oral cancer. Gender different and habit stimulation have increased the risk. A significant relationship was observed between ABO blood group and oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis.

Conclusion: Study inferred that blood group "A" is found to be at the high risk in developing oral malignant syndrome due to its susceptibility, whereas oral pre-cancer is hypothesized that individual habits are the host risk factor and transformed to carcinoma by interacting genetic factors to act upon ABO blood group.

Background: Periodontal diseases are of microbial etiology and are globally causing loss of teeth in adult population. Many severe oral diseases have been recently associated to Herpes viruses, of which Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) have been indicated in the etiology of periodontal diseases.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of EBV in different types of periodontal diseases namely acute gingivitis, chronic gingivitis, acute and chronic, localized and generalized aggressive (juvenile) periodontitis and apical periodontitis.

Material and method: 70 individuals were included in this study. Supragingival plaque and plaque from two deepest sites of the periodontal pockets were collected then stored at 70° c and prepared for nucleic acid extraction. For EBV detection, DNA were extracted from the plaque samples with the QIAamp DNA mini kit. Q-PCR was performed by targeting the non-polymorphic Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) gene using Corbett Research 6000 Q-PCR instrument and Rotor gene 6000 software.

Results: Overall prevalence of EBV in the disease group was 60% (27/45 patients) as compared to only 8% (4/25 people) in the normal population. The mean copy number of EBV DNA was found to be significantly higher in periodontitis (2234 ± 1811.34) when compared to gingivitis (554 ± 537.64, p = .001) and normal patients (370 ± 161.03, p < .001).

Conclusion: Here, we found that the prevalence of EBV as well as copy number of EBV was significantly higher in periodontitis patients as compared to gingivitis patients or normal population.