The study determines the effects of mining on rural livelihoods, adopted strategies and the role of stakeholder and regulatory institutions. The study achieves this by investigating the status of key rural livelihood indicators, what influence the choice of livelihood strategies in mining communities and the assessment of institutional performance. The role of institutions even though a key instrument in ensuring sustainable livelihoods is mostly not considered in livelihood studies of developing countries. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. The significant difference in the means of income, yield value and labour cost between non-mining and mining communities is an evidence of the threat posed on communities in the study area by mining and its activities. The multinomial logit result showed that farmers’ choice of livelihood in mining communities was influenced by gender, age, family size, leadership status of household head, labour cost, annual household income, number of years of education and extension training. Farmers diversified into non-farm and off-farm livelihood strategies in order to increase or sustain income in mining communities. The study determined the performance of stakeholder and regulatory institutions through their relations and how effective functions are performed. Four (4) institutions namely EPA, MoFA, COCOBOD and Amansie West District Assembly were found significant in their relations to other institutions whilst three (3) institutions were found significant in the performance of their functions. The study concluded that poor relations and ineffective performance of stakeholder and regulatory institutions resulted in unregulated exposure and depletion of livelihood resources such as land, forest and water bodies in mining communities. The study therefore recommended that there should be inter-institutional policy that would link stakeholder and regulatory institutions together for effective performance of functions and sustainable livelihoods.
该研究确定了采矿对农村生计的影响、采取的战略以及利益相关者和监管机构的作用。该研究通过调查关键农村生计指标的现状、影响矿业社区生计战略选择的因素以及制度绩效评估来实现这一目标。发展中国家的生计研究大多没有考虑到机构的作用，尽管它是确保可持续生计的关键工具。本研究采用定量与定性相结合的数据分析方法。非采矿社区和采矿社区在收入手段、产值和劳动力成本方面的显著差异证明了采矿及其活动对研究地区社区构成的威胁。多项logit结果表明，性别、年龄、家庭规模、户主领导地位、劳动力成本、家庭年收入、受教育年限和推广培训对矿区农民生计选择有影响。农民采取多样化的非农业和非农生计策略，以增加或维持采矿社区的收入。研究通过利益相关者和监管机构之间的关系以及如何有效地履行职能来决定他们的绩效。四(4)个机构，即EPA, MoFA, COCOBOD和Amansie West District Assembly在与其他机构的关系中被发现具有重要意义，而三(3)个机构在其职能的表现中被发现具有重要意义。研究得出的结论是，利益相关者和监管机构之间的不良关系和低效绩效导致了采矿社区土地、森林和水体等生计资源的无监管暴露和枯竭。因此，该研究建议应制定机构间政策，将利益攸关方和监管机构联系在一起，以有效履行职能和维持生计。
{"title":"Mining Effects on Rural Livelihoods, Adopted Strategies and the Role of Stakeholder and Regulatory Institutions in Ghana. Evidence of the Amansie West District of Ghana","authors":"I. Danquah, S. C. Fialor, R. Aidoo","doi":"10.12691/AJRD-5-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJRD-5-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"The study determines the effects of mining on rural livelihoods, adopted strategies and the role of stakeholder and regulatory institutions. The study achieves this by investigating the status of key rural livelihood indicators, what influence the choice of livelihood strategies in mining communities and the assessment of institutional performance. The role of institutions even though a key instrument in ensuring sustainable livelihoods is mostly not considered in livelihood studies of developing countries. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. The significant difference in the means of income, yield value and labour cost between non-mining and mining communities is an evidence of the threat posed on communities in the study area by mining and its activities. The multinomial logit result showed that farmers’ choice of livelihood in mining communities was influenced by gender, age, family size, leadership status of household head, labour cost, annual household income, number of years of education and extension training. Farmers diversified into non-farm and off-farm livelihood strategies in order to increase or sustain income in mining communities. The study determined the performance of stakeholder and regulatory institutions through their relations and how effective functions are performed. Four (4) institutions namely EPA, MoFA, COCOBOD and Amansie West District Assembly were found significant in their relations to other institutions whilst three (3) institutions were found significant in the performance of their functions. The study concluded that poor relations and ineffective performance of stakeholder and regulatory institutions resulted in unregulated exposure and depletion of livelihood resources such as land, forest and water bodies in mining communities. The study therefore recommended that there should be inter-institutional policy that would link stakeholder and regulatory institutions together for effective performance of functions and sustainable livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"316 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87695566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112702
T. Kumar
The current era is witnessing the emergence of a new governance paradigm at the global, national and local levels. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are fundamental to these systems of governance. Decentralised governance is a need in all countries. The same set of policy imperatives are behind the drive for decentralised governance as well as the drive for e-governance. So, there is a need for understanding of how e-governance can contribute to decentralisation of power. In this paper, a framework of e-governance for facilitating decentralisation has been evolved and tested in a district of Gujarat. Here, decentralisation is understood as a combination of its different kinds, viz., deconcentration, delegation, devolution and agencification. This is an empirical study done within the local self-governance units of a district in a rural context in India. This paper tries to measure the decentralisation of power within the governance machinery which can be facilitated by e-governance information systems. The relative empowerment of different branches of administration has been culled out. It was found that the empowerment of bureaucracy is the highest, followed by the empowerment of extra State actors. The elected representatives of the local self-governance machinery are not getting really empowered due to the e-governance process. This is a fundamental flaw in the design of these e-governance systems.
{"title":"E-Governance and Decentralisation-Study of an Indian District","authors":"T. Kumar","doi":"10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112702","url":null,"abstract":"The current era is witnessing the emergence of a new governance paradigm at the global, national and local levels. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are fundamental to these systems of governance. Decentralised governance is a need in all countries. The same set of policy imperatives are behind the drive for decentralised governance as well as the drive for e-governance. So, there is a need for understanding of how e-governance can contribute to decentralisation of power. In this paper, a framework of e-governance for facilitating decentralisation has been evolved and tested in a district of Gujarat. Here, decentralisation is understood as a combination of its different kinds, viz., deconcentration, delegation, devolution and agencification. This is an empirical study done within the local self-governance units of a district in a rural context in India. This paper tries to measure the decentralisation of power within the governance machinery which can be facilitated by e-governance information systems. The relative empowerment of different branches of administration has been culled out. It was found that the empowerment of bureaucracy is the highest, followed by the empowerment of extra State actors. The elected representatives of the local self-governance machinery are not getting really empowered due to the e-governance process. This is a fundamental flaw in the design of these e-governance systems.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"24 1","pages":"61-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91229660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112701
Omvir Singh, Sushila Turkiya
Water supply to rural communities on a sustainable basis is an important development objective of India. Rainwater harvesting is one of the promising ways of supplementing the surface and underground scarce water resources in areas where existing water supply system is inadequate to meet the demand. The present study is an attempt to find out the rooftop rainwater harvesting potential at micro level. A primary survey of 763 households in an arid Dhani Mohabbatpur village of Hisar district in Haryana was conducted to assess the rooftop rainwater harvesting potential. Potential of rainwater supply from the rooftops of the village residents was estimated using the runoff coefficients for cemented and non-cemented built-up houses including public buildings namely, bus stand, panchayat ghar, child development centre, primary and high schools of the village. The study revealed that the potential of rooftop water harvesting in the village is encouraging and if harvested, it will supplement the water need of village residents. Moreover, it will also reduce the pressure on village public water supply as well as on surface and groundwater resources in the water scarce region.
{"title":"Assessing Potential for Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting:An Option for Sustainable Rural Domestic Water Supply in Arid Region of Haryana","authors":"Omvir Singh, Sushila Turkiya","doi":"10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112701","url":null,"abstract":"Water supply to rural communities on a sustainable basis is an important development objective of India. Rainwater harvesting is one of the promising ways of supplementing the surface and underground scarce water resources in areas where existing water supply system is inadequate to meet the demand. The present study is an attempt to find out the rooftop rainwater harvesting potential at micro level. A primary survey of 763 households in an arid Dhani Mohabbatpur village of Hisar district in Haryana was conducted to assess the rooftop rainwater harvesting potential. Potential of rainwater supply from the rooftops of the village residents was estimated using the runoff coefficients for cemented and non-cemented built-up houses including public buildings namely, bus stand, panchayat ghar, child development centre, primary and high schools of the village. The study revealed that the potential of rooftop water harvesting in the village is encouraging and if harvested, it will supplement the water need of village residents. Moreover, it will also reduce the pressure on village public water supply as well as on surface and groundwater resources in the water scarce region.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87356283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112699
M. Rao
India ranks first in milk production, accounting for 18.5 per cent of world production, achieving an annual output of 146.3 million tonnes during 2014-15. Production of milk depends on various factors like feeding, breeding and management of the animals. It is evident that among the non-agricultural and allied activities of agricultural sector, dairying is providing gainful self-employment and generating the incomes to the rural masses. The cross breed variety of buffaloes is being reared in large number; as a consequence substantial improvement in milk yield is recorded. To study the milk yield and the dairying aspects of households in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh who are rearing the cross breed buffaloes, the data and information is elicited from the households rearing cross breed cattle in the two selected mandals, namely Martur and Cumbum. To study the factors influencing milk yield, the multiple linear regression model is adopted by the method of ordinary least square. The regression results for the total sample and also for sub-sample reveal that on an average 60 to 80 per cent of the variations in the value of milk yield per day per animal could be explained by fodder, green fodder and concentrates used per animal per day, and the age of the animal. Of these explanatory variables, fodder used per animal, green fodder used per animal per day are highly significant with positive impact and in terms of magnitude of impact on dependent variable, the concentrates used per animal per day is the highest. However, the explanatory variable, number of labour hours required per day did not show any significant impact on the dependent variable. The model fitted for various samples are valid as indicated by their respective p-values of the statistic.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Milk Production:A Case Study in Andhra Pradesh","authors":"M. Rao","doi":"10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112699","url":null,"abstract":"India ranks first in milk production, accounting for 18.5 per cent of world production, achieving an annual output of 146.3 million tonnes during 2014-15. Production of milk depends on various factors like feeding, breeding and management of the animals. It is evident that among the non-agricultural and allied activities of agricultural sector, dairying is providing gainful self-employment and generating the incomes to the rural masses. The cross breed variety of buffaloes is being reared in large number; as a consequence substantial improvement in milk yield is recorded. To study the milk yield and the dairying aspects of households in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh who are rearing the cross breed buffaloes, the data and information is elicited from the households rearing cross breed cattle in the two selected mandals, namely Martur and Cumbum. To study the factors influencing milk yield, the multiple linear regression model is adopted by the method of ordinary least square. The regression results for the total sample and also for sub-sample reveal that on an average 60 to 80 per cent of the variations in the value of milk yield per day per animal could be explained by fodder, green fodder and concentrates used per animal per day, and the age of the animal. Of these explanatory variables, fodder used per animal, green fodder used per animal per day are highly significant with positive impact and in terms of magnitude of impact on dependent variable, the concentrates used per animal per day is the highest. However, the explanatory variable, number of labour hours required per day did not show any significant impact on the dependent variable. The model fitted for various samples are valid as indicated by their respective p-values of the statistic.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"34 1","pages":"21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84276318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112707
Falguni Pattanaik, S. Mohanty
Role of agriculture remains vital in enabling the State to attain and maintain food self-sufficiency, especially, in a poverty-stricken State like Odisha. Despite the changes in the macroeconomic policy framework in the neo-liberal period, the agricultural sector in Odisha neither experienced any significant growth subsequent to the initiation of economic reforms in 1991 nor it derived the expected shift in cropping pattern. Sustainable growth of agriculture depends significantly on the process of agricultural transformation, which in turn is well connected with shifts in cropping patterns. The paper discusses the cropping pattern changes that have taken place in area allocation as well as in terms of production and productivity of major crop groups at the State level and across physiographic zones of the State. It is observed that there are variations in the share of area, production and productivity of major crop groups over the time at the State level and as well as across the physiographic zones. Sluggish shift in the cropping pattern towards non-foodgrain crops in the State is because of slow expansion of irrigation, low level of fertiliser consumption, slow technology adoption and low level of infrastructure. The slowdown in the process of cropping pattern change means that most government efforts to diversify agriculture have failed to take off.
{"title":"Changes in Cropping Pattern in Odisha Agriculture in Neo-Liberal Period","authors":"Falguni Pattanaik, S. Mohanty","doi":"10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112707","url":null,"abstract":"Role of agriculture remains vital in enabling the State to attain and maintain food self-sufficiency, especially, in a poverty-stricken State like Odisha. Despite the changes in the macroeconomic policy framework in the neo-liberal period, the agricultural sector in Odisha neither experienced any significant growth subsequent to the initiation of economic reforms in 1991 nor it derived the expected shift in cropping pattern. Sustainable growth of agriculture depends significantly on the process of agricultural transformation, which in turn is well connected with shifts in cropping patterns. The paper discusses the cropping pattern changes that have taken place in area allocation as well as in terms of production and productivity of major crop groups at the State level and across physiographic zones of the State. It is observed that there are variations in the share of area, production and productivity of major crop groups over the time at the State level and as well as across the physiographic zones. Sluggish shift in the cropping pattern towards non-foodgrain crops in the State is because of slow expansion of irrigation, low level of fertiliser consumption, slow technology adoption and low level of infrastructure. The slowdown in the process of cropping pattern change means that most government efforts to diversify agriculture have failed to take off.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"121-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72734382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112705
Marchang Reimeingam
Shifting cultivation is the main source of livelihood system in the hill areas of Manipur, one of the north-eastern States in India. It is widely prevalent due to lack of alternative farm employment. Its inputs are crude and traditional in nature resulting in subsistence income. Shifting cultivation is labour-intensive and has a traditional character. Empirical evidence shows that rapid population growth has increased the use of forest land for shifting cultivation in Manipur. The system's cycle has substantially declined due to population pressure on land thereby reducing the productivity. It has resulted in environmental degradation and problems of forest land re-vegetation. It has also led to a huge loss of forest resources every year. Its production is mostly organic due to sparingly use of inorganic fertilisers. Institutional changes in the form of private ownership of land have resulted in commercialisation of forest products like timber and firewood. Land use and forest laws need to be strengthened to safeguard and protect forest land. Ensuring food security and restructuring of land ownership system from community to private may reduce the practice of shifting cultivation and conserve forest cover.
{"title":"Shifting Cultivation in Manipur:Land, Labour and Environment","authors":"Marchang Reimeingam","doi":"10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112705","url":null,"abstract":"Shifting cultivation is the main source of livelihood system in the hill areas of Manipur, one of the north-eastern States in India. It is widely prevalent due to lack of alternative farm employment. Its inputs are crude and traditional in nature resulting in subsistence income. Shifting cultivation is labour-intensive and has a traditional character. Empirical evidence shows that rapid population growth has increased the use of forest land for shifting cultivation in Manipur. The system's cycle has substantially declined due to population pressure on land thereby reducing the productivity. It has resulted in environmental degradation and problems of forest land re-vegetation. It has also led to a huge loss of forest resources every year. Its production is mostly organic due to sparingly use of inorganic fertilisers. Institutional changes in the form of private ownership of land have resulted in commercialisation of forest products like timber and firewood. Land use and forest laws need to be strengthened to safeguard and protect forest land. Ensuring food security and restructuring of land ownership system from community to private may reduce the practice of shifting cultivation and conserve forest cover.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"166 1","pages":"97-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86462583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112700
A. Srivastava
Naturally endowed with fertile soil, adequate rainfall, rich water resources and congenial climate, Bihar is poised for high farm productivity to lead the second green revolution in the country. Realising its importance, Government of Bihar adopted planned approach of agriculture development through Agriculture Road Maps since 2008. It aims to increase production and productivity of food crops in a cost-effective manner and make it a viable means of livelihood. The approach has put considerable emphasis on ensuring availability of certified seeds at subsidised rate, creating storage space, promoting bio-farming, farm mechanisation and new technique of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) cultivation. Although, institutional credit assumes utmost importance in increasing agricultural productivity, the role of formal credit delivery system in the State of Bihar has not been quite encouraging. The Credit Deposit (CD) ratio in Bihar stood at 44.03 per cent as in March 2015 against the national average of 78 per cent. The State Annual Credit Plan (ACP) target of ₹0.74 lakh crore (including Non-priority Sector) and target of agriculture and allied activities at ₹0.36 lakh crore for 2014-15 works out to less than ₹6800 per capita credit. Given the high credit elasticity of 0.574 in Bihar's agriculture, there is an urgent need to strengthen the institutional credit delivery system by encouraging all banks, particularly commercial banks, to play their role in the right earnest to secure agricultural prosperity in the State. The way forward in this regard is suggested in the paper.
{"title":"Role of Institutional Credit for Agricultural Development in Bihar","authors":"A. Srivastava","doi":"10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I1/112700","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally endowed with fertile soil, adequate rainfall, rich water resources and congenial climate, Bihar is poised for high farm productivity to lead the second green revolution in the country. Realising its importance, Government of Bihar adopted planned approach of agriculture development through Agriculture Road Maps since 2008. It aims to increase production and productivity of food crops in a cost-effective manner and make it a viable means of livelihood. The approach has put considerable emphasis on ensuring availability of certified seeds at subsidised rate, creating storage space, promoting bio-farming, farm mechanisation and new technique of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) cultivation. Although, institutional credit assumes utmost importance in increasing agricultural productivity, the role of formal credit delivery system in the State of Bihar has not been quite encouraging. The Credit Deposit (CD) ratio in Bihar stood at 44.03 per cent as in March 2015 against the national average of 78 per cent. The State Annual Credit Plan (ACP) target of ₹0.74 lakh crore (including Non-priority Sector) and target of agriculture and allied activities at ₹0.36 lakh crore for 2014-15 works out to less than ₹6800 per capita credit. Given the high credit elasticity of 0.574 in Bihar's agriculture, there is an urgent need to strengthen the institutional credit delivery system by encouraging all banks, particularly commercial banks, to play their role in the right earnest to secure agricultural prosperity in the State. The way forward in this regard is suggested in the paper.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"229 1","pages":"33-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77593990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bangladesh is a densely populated country of 142.3 millions people where 964 person live per sq. km. It is located in the north-eastern part of South Asia. Although it is predominantly an agriculture dependent country, it has the lowest land man ratio in the world and it accounts fro 0.06 hactres per person. Every year around 18-20 lacs people are born to soar the existing overpopulation. In addition, 47.3% of the total labour forces of the the country are employed in agriculture and it provides 21% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. To meet the multiple demands of the ever increasing population the scarce agricultureal lands of this country are being misused for non-agricultural purposes. Besides, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and intensive cultivation of lands without necessary conservation practices gradually deteriorates the productive capacity of the agricultural lands. If the present trend of Agricultural land management system (ALMS) continues it may hamper the sustainable development of the country. This article examines the dynamics of ALMS in Bangladesh and investigates to indentify the key problems and challenges for promoting sustainable development in ALMS. Lastly, based on overall observations of the research, this article suggests several policy and administrative guidelines to promote sustainable development in agricultural land management in Bangladesh.
{"title":"The Dynamics of Agricultural Land Management System in Bangladesh: The Challenges for Sustainable Development","authors":"Saif Uddin Ahammad","doi":"10.12691/AJRD-5-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJRD-5-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is a densely populated country of 142.3 millions people where 964 person live per sq. km. It is located in the north-eastern part of South Asia. Although it is predominantly an agriculture dependent country, it has the lowest land man ratio in the world and it accounts fro 0.06 hactres per person. Every year around 18-20 lacs people are born to soar the existing overpopulation. In addition, 47.3% of the total labour forces of the the country are employed in agriculture and it provides 21% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. To meet the multiple demands of the ever increasing population the scarce agricultureal lands of this country are being misused for non-agricultural purposes. Besides, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and intensive cultivation of lands without necessary conservation practices gradually deteriorates the productive capacity of the agricultural lands. If the present trend of Agricultural land management system (ALMS) continues it may hamper the sustainable development of the country. This article examines the dynamics of ALMS in Bangladesh and investigates to indentify the key problems and challenges for promoting sustainable development in ALMS. Lastly, based on overall observations of the research, this article suggests several policy and administrative guidelines to promote sustainable development in agricultural land management in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"38 1","pages":"5-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73844553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrialization is the changing factor for rural and urban region of India. Due to rapid urbanization, economic growth, rural development and globalization, marked structural changes in cities and villages in India are observed. Due to extension of some cities in size, that results in demographic, physical, economic, technological and environmental imbalances. This specific study is an attempt to find out the fundamental changes in the villages around the city. The study has been conducted in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state to analyze economical changes among the villages near the industrialized Aurangabad. This was also extended to the social changes in the rural peasant along with the city environment. We also analyzed the ‘Identity Crisis among villagers in post LPG period.
{"title":"Identity Crisis in Rural Peasant: A Study of Villages around Aurangabad City of Maharashtra State, India","authors":"D. Khairnar","doi":"10.12691/AJRD-5-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJRD-5-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Industrialization is the changing factor for rural and urban region of India. Due to rapid urbanization, economic growth, rural development and globalization, marked structural changes in cities and villages in India are observed. Due to extension of some cities in size, that results in demographic, physical, economic, technological and environmental imbalances. This specific study is an attempt to find out the fundamental changes in the villages around the city. The study has been conducted in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state to analyze economical changes among the villages near the industrialized Aurangabad. This was also extended to the social changes in the rural peasant along with the city environment. We also analyzed the ‘Identity Crisis among villagers in post LPG period.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83299584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.36464/JRD.2017.40..004
Min-kook Jeong, Hanpil Moon, Woo-jin Song
The purpose of this paper is to propose a method of estimating the import contribution rate. The import contribution is a factor that should be considered in calculating the direct payment for damage. The decline in prices is caused by the combination of various factors. In this case, the decomposition of various factors can confirm the price drop due to the increase in imports. To this end, we set up a partial equilibrium model for individual markets and decompose various factors contributing to the price decline using the equilibrium displacement model. Various types of elasticities are needed to calculate the import contribution rate derived from EDM. Because elasticity has a wide spectrum depending on the purpose of the study or the data used, a cautious approach is needed to obtain objective figures.
{"title":"IMPACT OF INCREASED IMPORTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS DUE TO FTAS ON DOMESTIC PRICE DECLINE","authors":"Min-kook Jeong, Hanpil Moon, Woo-jin Song","doi":"10.36464/JRD.2017.40..004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36464/JRD.2017.40..004","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to propose a method of estimating the import contribution rate. The import contribution is a factor that should be considered in calculating the direct payment for damage. The decline in prices is caused by the combination of various factors. In this case, the decomposition of various factors can confirm the price drop due to the increase in imports. To this end, we set up a partial equilibrium model for individual markets and decompose various factors contributing to the price decline using the equilibrium displacement model. Various types of elasticities are needed to calculate the import contribution rate derived from EDM. Because elasticity has a wide spectrum depending on the purpose of the study or the data used, a cautious approach is needed to obtain objective figures.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"4 1","pages":"105-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74346967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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