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An Event Related Potentials Study of Semantic Coherence Effect during Episodic Encoding in Schizophrenia Patients. 精神分裂症患者情景编码中语义连贯效应的事件相关电位研究。
IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8501973
Lâle Battal Merlet, Alain Blanchet, Hazlin Lockman, Milena Kostova

The objective of this electrophysiological study was to investigate the processing of semantic coherence during encoding in relation to episodic memory processes promoted at test, in schizophrenia patients, by using the N400 paradigm. Eighteen schizophrenia patients and 15 healthy participants undertook a recognition memory task. The stimuli consisted of pairs of words either semantically related or unrelated to a given category name (context). During encoding, both groups exhibited an N400 external semantic coherence effect. Healthy controls also showed an N400 internal semantic coherence effect, but this effect was not present in patients. At test, related stimuli were accompanied by an FN400 old/new effect in both groups and by a parietal old/new effect in the control group alone. In the patient group, external semantic coherence effect was associated with FN400, while, in the control group, it was correlated to the parietal old/new effect. Our results indicate that schizophrenia patients can process the contextual information at encoding to enhance familiarity process for related stimuli at test. Therefore, cognitive rehabilitation therapies targeting the implementation of semantic encoding strategies can mobilize familiarity which in turn can overcome the recollection deficit, promoting successful episodic memory performance in schizophrenia patients.

本电生理研究的目的是利用N400范式,探讨精神分裂症患者编码过程中语义连贯的加工与测试中促进的情景记忆过程的关系。18名精神分裂症患者和15名健康参与者接受了识别记忆任务。刺激物由与给定类别名称(上下文)语义相关或不相关的词对组成。在编码过程中,两组均表现出N400的外部语义连贯效应。健康对照组也表现出N400内部语义连贯效应,但这种效应在患者中不存在。在测试中,相关刺激在两组中都伴有FN400旧/新效应,而在对照组中仅伴有顶叶旧/新效应。患者组外语义连贯效应与FN400相关,对照组外语义连贯效应与顶叶新旧效应相关。研究结果表明,精神分裂症患者在编码过程中可以对情境信息进行加工,从而增强对相关刺激的熟悉过程。因此,以语义编码策略为目标的认知康复治疗可以调动熟悉度,从而克服回忆缺陷,促进精神分裂症患者成功的情景记忆表现。
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引用次数: 3
Interaction Effects of Season of Birth and Cytokine Genes on Schizotypal Traits in the General Population. 出生季节和细胞因子基因对普通人群分裂型性状的互作效应。
IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-12-31 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5763094
Margarita V Alfimova, Galina I Korovaitseva, Tatyana V Lezheiko, Vera E Golimbet

Literature suggests that the effect of winter birth on vulnerability to schizophrenia might be mediated by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines due to prenatal infection and its inadequate regulation by anti-inflammatory factors. As the response of the immune system depends on genotype, this study assessed the interaction effects of cytokine genes and season of birth (SOB) on schizotypy measured with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-74). We searched for associations of IL1B rs16944, IL4 rs2243250, and IL-1RN VNTR polymorphisms, SOB, and their interactions with the SPQ-74 total score in a sample of 278 healthy individuals. A significant effect of the IL4 X SOB interaction was found, p = 0.007 and η2 = 0.028. We confirmed this effect using an extended sample of 373 individuals. Homozygotes CC born in winter showed the highest SPQ total score and differed significantly from winter-born T allele carriers, p = 0.049. This difference was demonstrated for cognitive-perceptual and disorganized but not interpersonal dimensions. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the cytokine genes by SOB interaction can influence variability of schizotypal traits in the general population. The IL4 T allele appeared to have a protective effect against the development of positive and disorganized schizotypal traits in winter-born individuals.

文献提示,冬季出生对精神分裂症易感性的影响可能与产前感染导致的促炎细胞因子表达增加以及抗炎因子调节不足有关。由于免疫系统的反应依赖于基因型,本研究通过分裂型人格问卷(SPQ-74)评估细胞因子基因和出生季节(SOB)对分裂型的相互作用。我们在278名健康个体的样本中寻找IL1B rs16944、IL4 rs2243250和IL-1RN VNTR多态性、SOB及其与SPQ-74总分的相互作用的关联。il - 4与SOB相互作用的影响显著,p = 0.007, η2 = 0.028。我们通过373个人的扩展样本证实了这一效应。冬季出生的纯合子CC的SPQ总分最高,与冬季出生的T等位基因携带者差异显著(p = 0.049)。这种差异在认知-知觉和无组织维度上得到了证明,但在人际关系维度上没有。这些发现与细胞因子基因通过SOB相互作用可以影响一般人群中分裂型性状的变异性的假设是一致的。在冬季出生的个体中,il4t等位基因似乎对阳性和无序分裂型性状的发展具有保护作用。
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引用次数: 8
Abnormal N400 Semantic Priming Effect May Reflect Psychopathological Processes in Schizophrenia: A Twin Study. 异常的N400语义启动效应可能反映精神分裂症的精神病理过程:一项双胞胎研究。
IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-08-28 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7163198
Anuradha Sharma, Heinrich Sauer, Holger Hill, Claudia Kaufmann, Stephan Bender, Matthias Weisbrod

Objective: Activation of semantic networks is indexed by the N400 effect. We used a twin study design to investigate whether N400 effect abnormalities reflect genetic/trait liability or are related to psychopathological processes in schizophrenia.

Methods: We employed robust linear regression to compare N400 and behavioral priming effects across 36 monozygotic twin pairs (6 pairs concordant for schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, 11 discordant pairs, and 19 healthy control pairs) performing a lexical decision task. Moreover, we examined the correlation between Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score and the N400 effect and the influence of medication status on this effect.

Results: Regression yielded a significant main effect of group on the N400 effect only in the direct priming condition (p = 0.003). Indirect condition and behavioral priming effect showed no significant effect of group. Planned contrasts with the control group as a reference group revealed that affected concordant twins had significantly reduced N400 effect compared to controls, and discordant affected twins had a statistical trend for reduced N400 effect compared to controls. The unaffected twins did not differ significantly from the controls. There was a trend for correlation between reduced N400 effect and higher BPRS scores, and the N400 effect did not differ significantly between medicated and unmedicated patients.

Conclusions: Reduced N400 effect may reflect disease-specific processes in schizophrenia implicating frontotemporal brain network in schizophrenia pathology.

目的:用N400效应来表征语义网络的激活。我们采用双胞胎研究设计来调查N400效应异常是否反映了精神分裂症的遗传/性状倾向性或与精神病理过程有关。方法:采用稳健线性回归比较36对同卵双胞胎(6对精神分裂症/分裂情感障碍的和谐双胞胎,11对不和谐双胞胎和19对健康对照)在词汇决策任务中的N400和行为启动效应。此外,我们还检验了简短精神病学评定量表(BPRS)得分与N400效应的相关性以及药物状况对该效应的影响。结果:回归结果显示,仅在直接启动条件下,组对N400效应有显著的主效应(p = 0.003)。间接条件和行为启动效应对实验组无显著影响。与对照组作为参照组的计划对比显示,与对照组相比,受影响的和谐双胞胎的N400效应显著降低,而不和谐双胞胎的N400效应与对照组相比有统计学趋势降低。未受影响的双胞胎与对照组没有显著差异。N400效应降低与BPRS评分升高之间存在相关趋势,且N400效应在用药与未用药患者之间无显著差异。结论:N400效应的降低可能反映了精神分裂症的疾病特异性过程,涉及精神分裂症病理中的额颞叶脑网络。
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引用次数: 7
Impact of Pharmacist Counselling on Clozapine Knowledge. 药师咨询对氯氮平知识的影响。
IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-06-13 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6120970
Ciara Ní Dhubhlaing, Ailish Young, Laura J Sahm

Clozapine is the only antipsychotic with evidence for efficacy in treatment of resistant schizophrenia but it carries a high side effect burden. Patient information is provided but may be poorly retained. This study aims to examine the impact of pharmacist counselling upon patient knowledge of clozapine. Outpatients, aged 18 years and over, attending St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, participated in this study between June and August 2015. The intervention consisted of pharmacist counselling on two occasions one month apart. Knowledge was assessed using a 28-point checklist devised from the currently available clozapine patient information sources, at baseline and after each counselling session. Ethics approval was obtained. Twenty-five participants (40% female; mean age 45.1 years, SD 9.82; 64% unemployed, 28% smokers) showed an improvement in knowledge scores of clozapine from baseline to postcounselling on each occasion with an overall improvement in knowledge score, from baseline to postcounselling at one month, of 39.43%; p < 0.001. This study adds to the evidence that interventions involving pharmacist counselling can improve patient knowledge, whilst the specific knowledge gained relating to recognition of side effects may help patients towards more empowerment regarding their treatment.

氯氮平是唯一一种有证据表明对治疗顽固性精神分裂症有效的抗精神病药物,但它有很高的副作用负担。提供患者信息,但可能保存不良。本研究旨在探讨药师咨询对患者氯氮平知识的影响。2015年6月至8月期间,都柏林圣帕特里克大学医院的18岁及以上门诊患者参加了这项研究。干预包括两次药剂师咨询,间隔一个月。在基线和每次咨询后,使用从目前可用的氯氮平患者信息源设计的28点清单来评估知识。获得伦理批准。25名参与者(40%为女性;平均年龄45.1岁,SD 9.82;64%的失业者,28%的吸烟者)每次从基线到咨询后的氯氮平知识得分均有所改善,从基线到咨询后一个月的总体知识得分改善为39.43%;P < 0.001。这项研究进一步证明,涉及药剂师咨询的干预措施可以提高患者的知识,而获得的与认识副作用有关的具体知识可能有助于患者对其治疗有更多的授权。
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引用次数: 8
Improving Theory of Mind in Schizophrenia by Targeting Cognition and Metacognition with Computerized Cognitive Remediation: A Multiple Case Study. 以认知和元认知为目标的计算机认知修复改善精神分裂症患者的心理理论:一个多案例研究。
IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-26 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7203871
Élisabeth Thibaudeau, Caroline Cellard, Clare Reeder, Til Wykes, Hans Ivers, Michel Maziade, Marie-Audrey Lavoie, William Pothier, Amélie M Achim

Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in theory of mind (ToM) (i.e., the ability to infer the mental states of others) and cognition. Associations have often been reported between cognition and ToM, and ToM mediates the relationship between impaired cognition and impaired functioning in schizophrenia. Given that cognitive deficits could act as a limiting factor for ToM, this study investigated whether a cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) that targets nonsocial cognition and metacognition could improve ToM in schizophrenia. Four men with schizophrenia received CRT. Assessments of ToM, cognition, and metacognition were conducted at baseline and posttreatment as well as three months and 1 year later. Two patients reached a significant improvement in ToM immediately after treatment whereas at three months after treatment all four cases reached a significant improvement, which was maintained through 1 year after treatment for all three cases that remained in the study. Improvements in ToM were accompanied by significant improvements in the most severely impaired cognitive functions at baseline or by improvements in metacognition. This study establishes that a CRT program that does not explicitly target social abilities can improve ToM.

精神分裂症与心理理论(即推断他人心理状态的能力)和认知能力的缺陷有关。认知和ToM之间的关联经常被报道,而ToM介导了精神分裂症患者认知受损和功能受损之间的关系。鉴于认知缺陷可能是ToM的限制因素,本研究探讨了针对非社会认知和元认知的认知修复疗法(CRT)是否可以改善精神分裂症患者的ToM。四名精神分裂症患者接受了CRT。在基线和治疗后以及3个月和1年后对ToM、认知和元认知进行评估。2例患者在治疗后立即达到ToM的显著改善,而在治疗后3个月,所有4例患者均达到显著改善,这一改善在治疗后1年仍保持在研究中的所有3例患者中。ToM的改善伴随着基线时最严重受损的认知功能的显著改善或元认知的改善。本研究表明,不明确针对社交能力的CRT计划可以改善ToM。
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引用次数: 10
Cortical Thinning in Network-Associated Regions in Cognitively Normal and Below-Normal Range Schizophrenia. 认知正常和低于正常范围的精神分裂症中网络相关区域皮质变薄。
IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9760905
R Walter Heinrichs, Farena Pinnock, Melissa Parlar, Colin Hawco, Lindsay Hanford, Geoffrey B Hall

This study assessed whether cortical thickness across the brain and regionally in terms of the default mode, salience, and central executive networks differentiates schizophrenia patients and healthy controls with normal range or below-normal range cognitive performance. Cognitive normality was defined using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) composite score (T = 50 ± 10) and structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to generate cortical thickness data. Whole brain analysis revealed that cognitively normal range controls (n = 39) had greater cortical thickness than both cognitively normal (n = 17) and below-normal range (n = 49) patients. Cognitively normal controls also demonstrated greater thickness than patients in regions associated with the default mode and salience, but not central executive networks. No differences on any thickness measure were found between cognitively normal range and below-normal range controls (n = 24) or between cognitively normal and below-normal range patients. In addition, structural covariance between network regions was high and similar across subgroups. Positive and negative symptom severity did not correlate with thickness values. Cortical thinning across the brain and regionally in relation to the default and salience networks may index shared aspects of the psychotic psychopathology that defines schizophrenia with no relation to cognitive impairment.

这项研究评估了在默认模式、显著性和中央执行网络方面,跨越大脑和区域的皮质厚度是否能区分精神分裂症患者和具有正常范围或低于正常范围认知表现的健康对照。认知正态性采用matrix共识认知电池(MCCB)综合评分(T = 50±10)进行定义,并采用结构磁共振成像生成皮层厚度数据。全脑分析显示,认知范围正常的对照组(n = 39)比认知范围正常(n = 17)和低于正常范围(n = 49)的患者有更大的皮质厚度。认知正常的对照组在与默认模式和显著性相关的区域也比患者表现出更大的厚度,但在中央执行网络中没有。在认知正常范围和低于正常范围的对照组(n = 24)或认知正常和低于正常范围的患者之间,没有发现任何厚度测量的差异。此外,网络区域之间的结构协方差很高,并且在亚群之间相似。阳性和阴性症状严重程度与厚度值无关。与默认网络和突出网络相关的大脑皮层变薄可能反映了精神分裂症的精神病性精神病理的共同方面,而与认知障碍无关。
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引用次数: 8
Sex Differences in Severity, Social Functioning, Adherence to Treatment, and Cognition of Adolescents with Schizophrenia 青少年精神分裂症严重程度、社会功能、治疗依从性和认知的性别差异
IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-09-14 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1928747
Rodolfo Pérez-Garza, Gamaliel Victoria-Figueroa, R. E. Ulloa-Flores
Background. Previous studies have reported sex differences in the clinical presentation and outcome of adult patients with schizophrenia; the aim of present study was to compare the clinical characteristics, social functioning, adherence to treatment, and cognition of adolescents with this diagnosis in a six-month followup. Methods. A total of 87 adolescents with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and the Rating of Medication Influences (ROMI). Results. Both groups showed a similar improvement in all PANSS factors and in the PSP scores during the followup. Males better adhered to treatment. Females displayed better results in the area of social cognition (F = 6.3, df = 2,52, and p = 0.003) and attention/vigilance (F = 8.3, df = 2,51, and p = 0.001). Conclusions. Male and female adolescents showed similar clinical presentation and functioning but a different pattern of cognitive improvement and adherence to treatment. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov II3/02/0811.‏
背景。先前的研究报道了成年精神分裂症患者的临床表现和预后的性别差异;本研究的目的是比较临床特征,社会功能,治疗依从性,并在六个月的随访诊断青少年的认知。方法。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、矩阵共识认知电池(MCCB)、个人和社会表现量表(PSP)和药物影响评分(ROMI)对87例DSM-IV诊断为精神分裂症或精神分裂样障碍的青少年进行评估。结果。在随访期间,两组在所有PANSS因素和PSP评分方面均有相似的改善。雄性对治疗的依从性更好。女性在社会认知(F = 6.3, df = 2,52, p = 0.003)和注意/警觉性(F = 8.3, df = 2,51, p = 0.001)方面表现更好。结论。男性和女性青少年表现出相似的临床表现和功能,但认知改善和坚持治疗的模式不同。该试验已在Clinicaltrials.gov II3/02/0811注册
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引用次数: 18
Neuroactive Steroids in First-Episode Psychosis: A Role for Progesterone? 神经活性类固醇治疗首发精神病:黄体酮的作用?
IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-08-17 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1942828
M. Belvederi Murri, F. Fanelli, U. Pagotto, E. Bonora, F. Triolo, L. Chiri, F. Allegri, M. Mezzullo, M. Menchetti, V. Mondelli, C. Pariante, D. Berardi, I. Tarricone
Neuroactive steroids may play a role in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders, but few studies examined this issue. We compared serum levels of cortisol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and progesterone between a representative sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Furthermore, we analyzed the associations between neuroactive steroids levels and the severity of psychotic symptom dimensions. Male patients had lower levels of progesterone than controls (p = 0.03). Progesterone levels were inversely associated with the severity of positive symptoms (p = 0.007). Consistent with preclinical findings, results suggest that progesterone might have a role in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.
神经活性类固醇可能在精神障碍的病理生理中起作用,但很少有研究调查这一问题。我们比较了首发精神病(FEP)患者的代表性样本和年龄和性别匹配的健康受试者的血清皮质醇、睾酮、脱氢表雄酮和孕酮水平。此外,我们分析了神经活性类固醇水平与精神病症状严重程度之间的关系。男性患者的孕酮水平低于对照组(p = 0.03)。孕酮水平与阳性症状的严重程度呈负相关(p = 0.007)。与临床前研究结果一致,结果表明黄体酮可能在精神障碍的病理生理中起作用。
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引用次数: 14
Parents' Experiences of Caring Responsibility for Their Adult Child with Schizophrenia 父母照顾精神分裂症成年子女的经验
IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-02-04 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1958198
Ann Blomgren Mannerheim, Ulla Hellström Muhli, Eleni Siouta
As a consequence of the latest psychiatry-related reform in Sweden and its implementation, relatives and family members have taken over from the formal healthcare system significant responsibility for the care of persons with a mental disability and illness. The aim of this study was to systematically describe and analyze the experiences of parents' informal care responsibility. The questions were, what are the experiences around parents' informal care activities and responsibilities and how do parents construct and manage their caring responsibility and with what consequences? Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted (16 hours of recorded material) with eight parents who were all members of the Interest Association for Schizophrenia (Intresseföreningen för Schizofreni (IFS)) in Sweden. A mixed hermeneutic deductive and inductive method was used for the interpretation of the material. The parents endow their informal caring responsibility with meaning of being a good, responsible, and accountable parent with respect to their social context and social relationships as well as with respect to the psychiatric care representatives. In this tense situation, parents compromise between elements of struggle, cooperation, avoidance, and adaption in their interaction with the world outside, meaning the world beyond the care provision for their child, as well as with the world inside themselves.
由于瑞典最新的精神病学相关改革及其实施,亲属和家庭成员已经从正规医疗保健系统接管了照顾精神残疾者和精神病患者的重大责任。本研究的目的是系统描述和分析父母的非正式照顾责任的经验。问题是,关于父母的非正式照顾活动和责任的经历是什么,父母如何构建和管理他们的照顾责任,会产生什么后果?对8位父母进行了半结构化的深度访谈(16小时的记录材料),他们都是瑞典精神分裂症兴趣协会(Intresseföreningen för Schizofreni (IFS))的成员。对材料的解释采用了一种混合的解释学、演绎和归纳法。父母赋予了他们非正式的照顾责任,在他们的社会背景和社会关系方面,以及在精神科护理代表方面,他们是一个好的、负责任的、负责任的父母。在这种紧张的情况下,父母在与外部世界的互动中,在斗争、合作、回避和适应之间做出妥协。外部世界指的是照顾孩子之外的世界,以及他们自己内心的世界。
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引用次数: 12
Schizophrenia and Suicide Attempts: Findings from a Representative Community-Based Canadian Sample. 精神分裂症与自杀未遂:来自加拿大代表性社区样本的研究结果。
IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-02-10 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3165243
Esme Fuller-Thomson, Bailey Hollister

This study examined factors associated with suicide attempts among those with schizophrenia (n = 101) versus those without (n = 21,643) in a representative sample of noninstitutionalized Canadians. The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts among persons with schizophrenia was 39.2% versus 2.8% of nonafflicted individuals. After adjusting for sociodemographics, childhood adversities, substance abuse/dependence, depression/anxiety, and chronic pain, those with schizophrenia had 6 times the odds (OR = 6.47) of attempting suicide. Among persons with schizophrenia, suicide attempts were associated with female gender (OR = 4.59), substance abuse/dependence (OR = 6.31), depression (OR = 4.93), and childhood physical abuse (OR = 5.75). Community-dwelling persons with schizophrenia appear to be at high risk for suicide attempts.

本研究调查了在非住院加拿大人的代表性样本中,精神分裂症患者(n = 101)与非精神分裂症患者(n = 21,643 )自杀未遂的相关因素。精神分裂症患者的终生自杀未遂率为 39.2%,而非患者的终生自杀未遂率为 2.8%。在对社会人口统计学、童年逆境、药物滥用/依赖、抑郁/焦虑和慢性疼痛等因素进行调整后,精神分裂症患者企图自杀的几率是普通人的 6 倍(OR = 6.47)。在精神分裂症患者中,自杀未遂与女性(OR = 4.59)、药物滥用/依赖(OR = 6.31)、抑郁(OR = 4.93)和童年身体虐待(OR = 5.75)有关。居住在社区的精神分裂症患者似乎是自杀未遂的高危人群。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Schizophrenia Research and Treatment
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