Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/482/24
V. A. Boldyrev, K. Svarchevsky
The work aims to draw the attention of the scientific community to the problem of the influence of reference legal systems created and updated by commercial organizations on law enforcement, and to identify possible ways to solve this problem. The study was conducted using the method of content analysis, comparative and formal-logical methods, the method of forecasting. When studying the number of references in Russian judicial acts to the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, a significant difference was found depending on the time, region, and judicial instances in which these acts were issued. The comparison led to a conclusion that the selection of official documents for placement in the reference legal system is subordinated to local practices of companies, and practices further influence court rulings issued in various regions and instances. The oblivion of “old” judicial acts, their gradual intentional and well-intended extraction from the data banks of reference legal systems as new practices are formed, inevitably affects the views of lawyers. The cognitive ease that controls human behavior, the ease of searching in databases for the necessary acts using navigation tools make the selection of a range of possible solutions from the reference legal system under heavy load conditions too convenient to turn to more complex algorithms for preparing solutions. The result of finding a solution for a difficult, multifactorial situation, especially if it has not previously been the object of evaluation by this law enforcement officer, is purposefully set by an employee of a commercial organization responsible for placing precedents in the legal reference system, organizing hyperlinks, extracting metadata, providing brief information about the essence of the resolved dispute for search purposes. The authors come to the conclusion that regulatory legal regulation is not able to give a positive result and, most likely, will have a negative effect - to have a negative impact on the commercial attractiveness and relevance of the arrays of information collected and offered to the public. The development of standards for the formation of databases of reference legal systems by extracting metadata from them, establishing hyperlinks without the help and control of the state, could become an element, a link of collective knowledge of reality, which makes it possible to simplify the decision-making process by the law enforcement officer. The formation of databases of reference legal systems based on the cooperation of their developers with the leading universities of the country could contribute to the identification of new, best practices and at the same time limit the offer of the consequences of judicial errors as a model, in particular, by accompanying documents with additional information (cautionary commentaries).
{"title":"Legal reference systems: How to determine the future by ordering the past","authors":"V. A. Boldyrev, K. Svarchevsky","doi":"10.17223/15617793/482/24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/24","url":null,"abstract":"The work aims to draw the attention of the scientific community to the problem of the influence of reference legal systems created and updated by commercial organizations on law enforcement, and to identify possible ways to solve this problem. The study was conducted using the method of content analysis, comparative and formal-logical methods, the method of forecasting. When studying the number of references in Russian judicial acts to the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, a significant difference was found depending on the time, region, and judicial instances in which these acts were issued. The comparison led to a conclusion that the selection of official documents for placement in the reference legal system is subordinated to local practices of companies, and practices further influence court rulings issued in various regions and instances. The oblivion of “old” judicial acts, their gradual intentional and well-intended extraction from the data banks of reference legal systems as new practices are formed, inevitably affects the views of lawyers. The cognitive ease that controls human behavior, the ease of searching in databases for the necessary acts using navigation tools make the selection of a range of possible solutions from the reference legal system under heavy load conditions too convenient to turn to more complex algorithms for preparing solutions. The result of finding a solution for a difficult, multifactorial situation, especially if it has not previously been the object of evaluation by this law enforcement officer, is purposefully set by an employee of a commercial organization responsible for placing precedents in the legal reference system, organizing hyperlinks, extracting metadata, providing brief information about the essence of the resolved dispute for search purposes. The authors come to the conclusion that regulatory legal regulation is not able to give a positive result and, most likely, will have a negative effect - to have a negative impact on the commercial attractiveness and relevance of the arrays of information collected and offered to the public. The development of standards for the formation of databases of reference legal systems by extracting metadata from them, establishing hyperlinks without the help and control of the state, could become an element, a link of collective knowledge of reality, which makes it possible to simplify the decision-making process by the law enforcement officer. The formation of databases of reference legal systems based on the cooperation of their developers with the leading universities of the country could contribute to the identification of new, best practices and at the same time limit the offer of the consequences of judicial errors as a model, in particular, by accompanying documents with additional information (cautionary commentaries).","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the compensatory mechanism of culture, which is formed objectively and provides the possibility of a “sustainable development” of society, culture and people in their individual existence in situations of significant socio-cultural transformations. The substantiations of the universality of this mechanism are presented; its action manifests itself variably, can be both spontaneous and consciously used. The mechanism is aimed at reducing or eliminating crisis phenomena and the effects of discomfort from all sorts of forms of sociocultural imbalance: the conflict of traditional orders and socio-cultural innovations, the values of preservation and change, the living and the materialized, the objectified and the non-objectified, the rational and the irrational, etc. The authors substantiate the idea that the action of the compensatory mechanism of culture can be carried out both according to the model of a pendulum-like transition from an effectively and radically acting innovation to the restoration of traditional cultural forms, and according to a model corresponding to the adaptive function of culture. The authors show the correlation of the compromise nature and methods of action of the compensatory mechanism of culture with the basic principles of the ecohumanistic approach, a specific setting of thinking and practical human activity focused on finding ways and means of achieving optimality in relations between various sides and trends in human life to ensure the possibility of their fruitful coexistence. Under the influence of the intensive development and widespread dissemination of modern techniques and technologies, the established habitual way of life of a human-in-the-world changes dramatically, causing the transformation and modernization of the traditional forms and values of culture. Defining the world of a modern person as techno-technologized, the authors identify the problem of the preservation and active reproduction of the “living principle” of humans, the integrity of their existence, as well as the problem of the possibility of achieving the full value of existence in a situation of socio-cultural dissonance. The authors show that, due to its universality and its inherent therapeutic function, the compensatory mechanism of culture is able to restore the optimal mode of human existence, to “serve” the needs of various kinds, including those that represent the natural properties of a person in “transformed” forms, in utopia and escapism. The authors come to the conclusion that the theoretical development of the concept of the compensatory mechanism of culture in its ecohumanistic interpretation will allow a more multifaceted study and analysis of phenomena of culture, both in its history and in its current state, to obtain a more accurate interpretation of the ways of human existence and cultural practices that provide the effect of the state of an “ecosystem” in situations of any intensive socio-cultural tran
{"title":"Ecohumanistic aspects of the compensatory mechanism of culture","authors":"Dmitry V. Solomko, S. Sokovikov, V. Neveleva","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/6","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the compensatory mechanism of culture, which is formed objectively and provides the possibility of a “sustainable development” of society, culture and people in their individual existence in situations of significant socio-cultural transformations. The substantiations of the universality of this mechanism are presented; its action manifests itself variably, can be both spontaneous and consciously used. The mechanism is aimed at reducing or eliminating crisis phenomena and the effects of discomfort from all sorts of forms of sociocultural imbalance: the conflict of traditional orders and socio-cultural innovations, the values of preservation and change, the living and the materialized, the objectified and the non-objectified, the rational and the irrational, etc. The authors substantiate the idea that the action of the compensatory mechanism of culture can be carried out both according to the model of a pendulum-like transition from an effectively and radically acting innovation to the restoration of traditional cultural forms, and according to a model corresponding to the adaptive function of culture. The authors show the correlation of the compromise nature and methods of action of the compensatory mechanism of culture with the basic principles of the ecohumanistic approach, a specific setting of thinking and practical human activity focused on finding ways and means of achieving optimality in relations between various sides and trends in human life to ensure the possibility of their fruitful coexistence. Under the influence of the intensive development and widespread dissemination of modern techniques and technologies, the established habitual way of life of a human-in-the-world changes dramatically, causing the transformation and modernization of the traditional forms and values of culture. Defining the world of a modern person as techno-technologized, the authors identify the problem of the preservation and active reproduction of the “living principle” of humans, the integrity of their existence, as well as the problem of the possibility of achieving the full value of existence in a situation of socio-cultural dissonance. The authors show that, due to its universality and its inherent therapeutic function, the compensatory mechanism of culture is able to restore the optimal mode of human existence, to “serve” the needs of various kinds, including those that represent the natural properties of a person in “transformed” forms, in utopia and escapism. The authors come to the conclusion that the theoretical development of the concept of the compensatory mechanism of culture in its ecohumanistic interpretation will allow a more multifaceted study and analysis of phenomena of culture, both in its history and in its current state, to obtain a more accurate interpretation of the ways of human existence and cultural practices that provide the effect of the state of an “ecosystem” in situations of any intensive socio-cultural tran","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/480/26
O. Makarova, U. Kazakova, D. V. Gorbunova
Global sociocultural transformations in the modern world are associated with expansive digitalisation and its impact on human life. Given the advantages of digital technology development, a number of significant problems arise, in particular, social differentiation, commercialisation of socionomic professions, information consumerism, emotional estrangement due to the virtualisation of communication, a shift in value orientations, replacement of traditional moral norms with their destructive simulacra. There is a clear need for intensification of educational activities in higher education focused on the humanisation of public consciousness, the promotion of social cohesion and the development of the moral backbone of an individual. Hence, it is necessary to refer to the theoretical and methodological foundations of tolerance development in students. The aim of this article is to clarify the concept of professional tolerance of a doctor and describe the strategy of its development in students in the process of foreign language training. Considering the issue of professional education of future doctors, the authors note that the vector of students' spiritual and moral development is determined by the values, attitudes, and norms of medical ethics and deontology. Herewith, the principle of tolerance is of the basic ones since professional medical practice is based on regular interpersonal interaction. The authors define the concept of a doctor's professional tolerance as the willingness to provide patients with high-quality medical care regardless of the heterogeneity of socio-cultural factors and subjective personal aspects. This concept assumes the doctor's tact, empathy, psychological flexibility and poise. The proposed strategy for the development of professional medical tolerance in students via professionally-oriented foreign language training involves the holistic formation of its cognitive, affective and conative components through the educational content and the parity in subject-subject interaction. In the development of the cognitive component, considerable importance is ascribed to supplementing the basic educational materials by authentic content of social and professional orientation. The connecting link of the development of cognitive and affective components is the identification and levelling of stereotypes and prejudices regarding socially significant diseases. The basis for the development of the affective component is pedagogical tolerance, a favourable educational environment, interactive activities at classes, and the facilitation of students' reflection. The development of the conative component of tolerance is directly tied to the development of professional communicative competence of future doctors: the study and development of various speech cliches in the format of interaction with patients; revision of politeness formulas; practicing non-verbal communication means in playing out quasi-professional situations; mastering t
{"title":"Development of professional tolerance in medical students through professionally-oriented foreign language training","authors":"O. Makarova, U. Kazakova, D. V. Gorbunova","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/26","url":null,"abstract":"Global sociocultural transformations in the modern world are associated with expansive digitalisation and its impact on human life. Given the advantages of digital technology development, a number of significant problems arise, in particular, social differentiation, commercialisation of socionomic professions, information consumerism, emotional estrangement due to the virtualisation of communication, a shift in value orientations, replacement of traditional moral norms with their destructive simulacra. There is a clear need for intensification of educational activities in higher education focused on the humanisation of public consciousness, the promotion of social cohesion and the development of the moral backbone of an individual. Hence, it is necessary to refer to the theoretical and methodological foundations of tolerance development in students. The aim of this article is to clarify the concept of professional tolerance of a doctor and describe the strategy of its development in students in the process of foreign language training. Considering the issue of professional education of future doctors, the authors note that the vector of students' spiritual and moral development is determined by the values, attitudes, and norms of medical ethics and deontology. Herewith, the principle of tolerance is of the basic ones since professional medical practice is based on regular interpersonal interaction. The authors define the concept of a doctor's professional tolerance as the willingness to provide patients with high-quality medical care regardless of the heterogeneity of socio-cultural factors and subjective personal aspects. This concept assumes the doctor's tact, empathy, psychological flexibility and poise. The proposed strategy for the development of professional medical tolerance in students via professionally-oriented foreign language training involves the holistic formation of its cognitive, affective and conative components through the educational content and the parity in subject-subject interaction. In the development of the cognitive component, considerable importance is ascribed to supplementing the basic educational materials by authentic content of social and professional orientation. The connecting link of the development of cognitive and affective components is the identification and levelling of stereotypes and prejudices regarding socially significant diseases. The basis for the development of the affective component is pedagogical tolerance, a favourable educational environment, interactive activities at classes, and the facilitation of students' reflection. The development of the conative component of tolerance is directly tied to the development of professional communicative competence of future doctors: the study and development of various speech cliches in the format of interaction with patients; revision of politeness formulas; practicing non-verbal communication means in playing out quasi-professional situations; mastering t","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/480/10
S. Aristov, V. Aristova
The aim of the article is to analyze the communication of prisoners of Nazi concentration camps as one of the factors in the prisoners' struggle for life in extreme conditions. The sources of the research are materials from Russian and foreign archives: the State Archive of the Russian Federation (Russia), the Yad Vashem Archive (Israel), the Security Service Archive (Ukraine), the Holocaust Memorial Archive (USA), the Bundesarchive (Germany), as well as published memoirs and interviews of former prisoners. In particular, the authors analyzed the testimony of former prisoners, criminal cases against the concentration camps' administrative and security personnel convicted in the course of post-war trials. As a result of their research, the authors concluded that language ability and communication played a critical role in the rescue of prisoners. If prisoners spoke several languages, mastered the internal camp jargon, and also managed to build communication with representatives of the camp administration, functionary prisoners and ordinary prisoners, their chances of survival increased significantly. If adaptation to the camp's linguistic realities did not take place, prisoners had practically no opportunity to escape. The authors examine the characteristics that determined the framework of the camp community, among which the main were Nazi ideological attitudes, as well as prisoners' pre-camp experience. They thoroughly analyze German and camp jargon - the languages that, if mastered, determined prisoners' survival. The authors show how German changed due to lexical and semantic neologisms and the role it played in prisoners' subjugation, demonstrate that the camp jargon developed in several directions - the formation of a single lingua franca and the formation of jargon in national groups of prisoners, and also pay particular attention to the role that translators played in the camp life. The authors characterize the basic models of camp communication: “SS man - ordinary prisoner”, “SS man - camp functionary”, “representative of the camp ‘elite' - ordinary prisoner”, “prisoner - prisoner”, “prisoner - civilian worker”, and note the possibility (or impossibility) of prisoners within each of them to be saved. Finally, the authors describe the role of communication in organizing the underground Resistance, in order not only to survive, but also to actively resist the Nazi terror.
{"title":"The role of communication in the survival of Nazi concentration camp prisoners","authors":"S. Aristov, V. Aristova","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to analyze the communication of prisoners of Nazi concentration camps as one of the factors in the prisoners' struggle for life in extreme conditions. The sources of the research are materials from Russian and foreign archives: the State Archive of the Russian Federation (Russia), the Yad Vashem Archive (Israel), the Security Service Archive (Ukraine), the Holocaust Memorial Archive (USA), the Bundesarchive (Germany), as well as published memoirs and interviews of former prisoners. In particular, the authors analyzed the testimony of former prisoners, criminal cases against the concentration camps' administrative and security personnel convicted in the course of post-war trials. As a result of their research, the authors concluded that language ability and communication played a critical role in the rescue of prisoners. If prisoners spoke several languages, mastered the internal camp jargon, and also managed to build communication with representatives of the camp administration, functionary prisoners and ordinary prisoners, their chances of survival increased significantly. If adaptation to the camp's linguistic realities did not take place, prisoners had practically no opportunity to escape. The authors examine the characteristics that determined the framework of the camp community, among which the main were Nazi ideological attitudes, as well as prisoners' pre-camp experience. They thoroughly analyze German and camp jargon - the languages that, if mastered, determined prisoners' survival. The authors show how German changed due to lexical and semantic neologisms and the role it played in prisoners' subjugation, demonstrate that the camp jargon developed in several directions - the formation of a single lingua franca and the formation of jargon in national groups of prisoners, and also pay particular attention to the role that translators played in the camp life. The authors characterize the basic models of camp communication: “SS man - ordinary prisoner”, “SS man - camp functionary”, “representative of the camp ‘elite' - ordinary prisoner”, “prisoner - prisoner”, “prisoner - civilian worker”, and note the possibility (or impossibility) of prisoners within each of them to be saved. Finally, the authors describe the role of communication in organizing the underground Resistance, in order not only to survive, but also to actively resist the Nazi terror.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/482/28
I. Mikheeva, N. Pronina, A. Loginova
The article considers the wine monopoly in Russia in the 17th-19th centuries. A retrospective analysis of the formation of the “drinking” policy in the Russian state for three centuries is presented. The emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the combination of social and financial interests in the state regulation of the turnover of alcoholic beverages. The research focuses on the legal means of introducing a wine monopoly in Russia. The features of state regulation of alcohol production and turnover are illustrated, depending on whether the government reserved the right to trade in wine and levy fees for alcoholic drinks, that is, introduced a wine monopoly, or transferred this right to private individuals (farming). Attention is drawn to the duality of the objectives of the wine monopoly introduction - to increase the incoming of the treasury (by adding to the tax revenues of trade profits) and to prevent (reduce) alcoholization of the population through the strict regulation of the turnover and improving the quality of alcohol. The theoretical aspects of the wine monopoly content are identified; they are partly related to the terminological confusion existing in the doctrine, when the concepts “wine” and “vodka” monopoly, “monopoly” and “regalia” are incorrectly identified, the concept “farming” (otkup, revenue leasing) is incorrectly interpreted. A conclusion is made about the differentiation of the concepts of regalia and monopoly; about a more logical representation of farming not as a prototype of excise taxes, but as an independent form of fiscal monopoly. In the research, traditional methods of scientific cognition are used. The dialectical method of cognition and the principle of historicism allowed considering the main stages of the wine monopoly's development. The techniques of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction made it possible to conclude that in the historical periods when fiscal interest prevailed over social there was farming trade. When the level of drunkenness became dangerously high, and the state's income from alcoholic beverages decreased, the authorities established a monopoly, primarily on the retail sale of beverages. Special methods - formal-legal and comparative-historical - formed the basis for identifying restrictions imposed by the state within the framework of monopolization of the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Methods of observing historical continuity in the development of legal institutions, as well as systematic and historical-retrospective approaches used to consider the instruments of legal regulation of the alcohol industry in the Russian Empire from a historical distance allowed a conclusion that, in Russia of the 17th-19th centuries, state fiscal interests prevailed, they determined the main directions of the state alcohol policy.
{"title":"Wine monopoly in Russia in the 17th-19th centuries: Fiscal and/or social interests","authors":"I. Mikheeva, N. Pronina, A. Loginova","doi":"10.17223/15617793/482/28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/28","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the wine monopoly in Russia in the 17th-19th centuries. A retrospective analysis of the formation of the “drinking” policy in the Russian state for three centuries is presented. The emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the combination of social and financial interests in the state regulation of the turnover of alcoholic beverages. The research focuses on the legal means of introducing a wine monopoly in Russia. The features of state regulation of alcohol production and turnover are illustrated, depending on whether the government reserved the right to trade in wine and levy fees for alcoholic drinks, that is, introduced a wine monopoly, or transferred this right to private individuals (farming). Attention is drawn to the duality of the objectives of the wine monopoly introduction - to increase the incoming of the treasury (by adding to the tax revenues of trade profits) and to prevent (reduce) alcoholization of the population through the strict regulation of the turnover and improving the quality of alcohol. The theoretical aspects of the wine monopoly content are identified; they are partly related to the terminological confusion existing in the doctrine, when the concepts “wine” and “vodka” monopoly, “monopoly” and “regalia” are incorrectly identified, the concept “farming” (otkup, revenue leasing) is incorrectly interpreted. A conclusion is made about the differentiation of the concepts of regalia and monopoly; about a more logical representation of farming not as a prototype of excise taxes, but as an independent form of fiscal monopoly. In the research, traditional methods of scientific cognition are used. The dialectical method of cognition and the principle of historicism allowed considering the main stages of the wine monopoly's development. The techniques of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction made it possible to conclude that in the historical periods when fiscal interest prevailed over social there was farming trade. When the level of drunkenness became dangerously high, and the state's income from alcoholic beverages decreased, the authorities established a monopoly, primarily on the retail sale of beverages. Special methods - formal-legal and comparative-historical - formed the basis for identifying restrictions imposed by the state within the framework of monopolization of the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Methods of observing historical continuity in the development of legal institutions, as well as systematic and historical-retrospective approaches used to consider the instruments of legal regulation of the alcohol industry in the Russian Empire from a historical distance allowed a conclusion that, in Russia of the 17th-19th centuries, state fiscal interests prevailed, they determined the main directions of the state alcohol policy.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/480/16
A. S. Savelieva
In the Mariinsk forest-steppe and on its western periphery in the valley of the Kiya River archaeological communities of the Upper Ob, Middle Yenisei, northern taiga and southern steppe interacted in ancient times. This historical and cultural region is commonly referred to as “contact”, “transit” or “marginal”. To study the influence of such specifics on bronze foundry, the author reviewed materials on bronze foundry production in the valley of the Kiya River and also studied bronzes from the Shestakovo I burial ground, the most western burial ground of the Tagar culture, to reveal whether the regional specificity affected the development of the Tagar metallurgy. The analysis of the sources on bronze foundry showed that bronze objects on the Bronze Age sites are rare - a fragment of a knife, a celt from the settlement Archekas III, copper splash and slag from the settlement Ustye-Kozhukha I, objects of an unclear fate from the settlements Novoaleksandrovka and Archekas II. To the east of the valley of the Kiya River, up to the Uryup River, the complex of relevant materials is wider and is represented by traces of metal production from the settlements Dvornikovo and Tambar III. The picture of the “metal content” of the sites of the Kiya River valley in the Early Iron Age is different. More than 600 bronze objects from the burials of the Tagar and Tashtyk cultures are dated to this time. Single traces of bronze casting are known from the settlements -slag, stone tools, a clay core for casting socketed products from the fortified settlement Shestakovo I and the settlement Shestakovo II. To the east of the valley of the Kiya River, things (thousands of objects) from burial grounds also predominate. Bronze objects from settlements come, for example, from Tretyakovo I, Utinka I. Thus, in the structure of data on bronze foundry in the northeast of Kemerovo Oblast, the sources are distributed unevenly both chronologically and geographically. This is the reason for the reconstruction of local non-ferrous metallurgy based on data on bronze objects and on the elemental composition of their alloys. Metal from the burials of the Tagar culture of the Kiya valley, the Shestakovo I burial ground, was studied for the first time (excavations by A.I. Martynov, 1968). The elemental composition of 39 shafthole pickaxes, adzes and knives from Kurgan 4 was studied. The chemical-metallurgical groups of “pure” copper, arsenic, tin and tin-lead bronzes were distinguished. Copper items and arsenic-bronze shafthole pickaxe come only from Grave 1. This is explained by its later relative dating. The alloying of copper with tin, fixed in the metal of Graves 2, 3 and 4, is traditional for the Saragashen Stage of the Tagar culture (5th-4th centuries BC). The metal of Grave 1 makes it possible to “catch” the emergence of a trend towards the manufacture of implements from arsenic bronze and copper, characteristic of the Lepeshkino Stage (3th-2th centuries BC) and later of the Tes
{"title":"Materials of bronze foundry of the Paleometal Epoch in the Kiya River valley and new data about elemental composition of bronzes from the Shestakovo I burial ground","authors":"A. S. Savelieva","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/16","url":null,"abstract":"In the Mariinsk forest-steppe and on its western periphery in the valley of the Kiya River archaeological communities of the Upper Ob, Middle Yenisei, northern taiga and southern steppe interacted in ancient times. This historical and cultural region is commonly referred to as “contact”, “transit” or “marginal”. To study the influence of such specifics on bronze foundry, the author reviewed materials on bronze foundry production in the valley of the Kiya River and also studied bronzes from the Shestakovo I burial ground, the most western burial ground of the Tagar culture, to reveal whether the regional specificity affected the development of the Tagar metallurgy. The analysis of the sources on bronze foundry showed that bronze objects on the Bronze Age sites are rare - a fragment of a knife, a celt from the settlement Archekas III, copper splash and slag from the settlement Ustye-Kozhukha I, objects of an unclear fate from the settlements Novoaleksandrovka and Archekas II. To the east of the valley of the Kiya River, up to the Uryup River, the complex of relevant materials is wider and is represented by traces of metal production from the settlements Dvornikovo and Tambar III. The picture of the “metal content” of the sites of the Kiya River valley in the Early Iron Age is different. More than 600 bronze objects from the burials of the Tagar and Tashtyk cultures are dated to this time. Single traces of bronze casting are known from the settlements -slag, stone tools, a clay core for casting socketed products from the fortified settlement Shestakovo I and the settlement Shestakovo II. To the east of the valley of the Kiya River, things (thousands of objects) from burial grounds also predominate. Bronze objects from settlements come, for example, from Tretyakovo I, Utinka I. Thus, in the structure of data on bronze foundry in the northeast of Kemerovo Oblast, the sources are distributed unevenly both chronologically and geographically. This is the reason for the reconstruction of local non-ferrous metallurgy based on data on bronze objects and on the elemental composition of their alloys. Metal from the burials of the Tagar culture of the Kiya valley, the Shestakovo I burial ground, was studied for the first time (excavations by A.I. Martynov, 1968). The elemental composition of 39 shafthole pickaxes, adzes and knives from Kurgan 4 was studied. The chemical-metallurgical groups of “pure” copper, arsenic, tin and tin-lead bronzes were distinguished. Copper items and arsenic-bronze shafthole pickaxe come only from Grave 1. This is explained by its later relative dating. The alloying of copper with tin, fixed in the metal of Graves 2, 3 and 4, is traditional for the Saragashen Stage of the Tagar culture (5th-4th centuries BC). The metal of Grave 1 makes it possible to “catch” the emergence of a trend towards the manufacture of implements from arsenic bronze and copper, characteristic of the Lepeshkino Stage (3th-2th centuries BC) and later of the Tes","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/482/10
K. Ocheretyany, V. Savchuk
An unprecedented turn is taking place before our eyes: the technical environment, having changed, participates in the substitution of the sphere of the imaginary for the sphere of the technical in the digitalization mode. Images bring us together and hold us, becoming the focus of the essence of the digital and material world. The article outlines the basics of the visual-ecological approach in creating a human-sized digital environment. By giving ourselves to interfaces and their technical requirements, we hope that we have won freedom, time, life. In fact, we can lose everything if the images we create quantitatively express our technological capabilities to a greater extent than qualitatively deepen our own human experience. We find ourselves in a situation similar to the archaic one, when a person, through the rituals and techniques invented by him, tamed his own dreams, his fantasies, and through them himself, pacifying the demons of imagination. Today, technical images are more insatiable than archaic demons because they claim a massive intensification of experience, but at the same time lead to an explosion of the imaginative, to burnout, chronic disinterest, to boredom. We produce images better than we know how to inhabit them. We have industrial technologies for their creation, but there are no body techniques adequate to their living. Theory should change its approach to technical images: think not about them, but together with them, about those techniques of the body and the worlds that they discover, about the criteria and requirements that they set, about where they direct our desires and where they inspire our dreams. It is assumed that, in order to understand the potential of visual ecology, one should take into account a number of methods related to the interpretation of bodily experience: (1) the method of topological reflection. The digital image apparently removes one of the fundamental interactions of the Universe -gravitational. We cannot resist the attraction of the digital image until we recreate it for understanding at the conceptual level, until we recreate the context and connect the growth of digital suggestion with the possibilities of the environment; (2) the method of somatic epistemology. The body is a graveyard of signs, it bears meta processes from which it is already culturally and technically excluded, but they continue to work, they constitute the cultural archive of the body, and new technologies do not specifically respond to practical intentions, but to the actualization of archived experience, which suddenly becomes important in a new environment; (3) the method of empirical constructivism: thinking through the evolutionary conditions of digital objects, the principle of their construction from information data in the world of algorithms and glitches, taking into account the peculiarities of human experience.
{"title":"An imago-ecological turn in the assessment of a technical reality","authors":"K. Ocheretyany, V. Savchuk","doi":"10.17223/15617793/482/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/10","url":null,"abstract":"An unprecedented turn is taking place before our eyes: the technical environment, having changed, participates in the substitution of the sphere of the imaginary for the sphere of the technical in the digitalization mode. Images bring us together and hold us, becoming the focus of the essence of the digital and material world. The article outlines the basics of the visual-ecological approach in creating a human-sized digital environment. By giving ourselves to interfaces and their technical requirements, we hope that we have won freedom, time, life. In fact, we can lose everything if the images we create quantitatively express our technological capabilities to a greater extent than qualitatively deepen our own human experience. We find ourselves in a situation similar to the archaic one, when a person, through the rituals and techniques invented by him, tamed his own dreams, his fantasies, and through them himself, pacifying the demons of imagination. Today, technical images are more insatiable than archaic demons because they claim a massive intensification of experience, but at the same time lead to an explosion of the imaginative, to burnout, chronic disinterest, to boredom. We produce images better than we know how to inhabit them. We have industrial technologies for their creation, but there are no body techniques adequate to their living. Theory should change its approach to technical images: think not about them, but together with them, about those techniques of the body and the worlds that they discover, about the criteria and requirements that they set, about where they direct our desires and where they inspire our dreams. It is assumed that, in order to understand the potential of visual ecology, one should take into account a number of methods related to the interpretation of bodily experience: (1) the method of topological reflection. The digital image apparently removes one of the fundamental interactions of the Universe -gravitational. We cannot resist the attraction of the digital image until we recreate it for understanding at the conceptual level, until we recreate the context and connect the growth of digital suggestion with the possibilities of the environment; (2) the method of somatic epistemology. The body is a graveyard of signs, it bears meta processes from which it is already culturally and technically excluded, but they continue to work, they constitute the cultural archive of the body, and new technologies do not specifically respond to practical intentions, but to the actualization of archived experience, which suddenly becomes important in a new environment; (3) the method of empirical constructivism: thinking through the evolutionary conditions of digital objects, the principle of their construction from information data in the world of algorithms and glitches, taking into account the peculiarities of human experience.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/482/17
I. Abramova, E. Shishmolina
The article describes the practical implementation of an experimental model for shaping professional and universal competences of non-linguistic students of humanities in a digital environment of a regional university. It analyzes the ongoing transformation of the educational process, roles and functions of students and teachers. The urgency of the research is determined by the need to find new effective pedagogical technologies for forming competences, which are in demand in knowledge economy. Theoretical and methodological analysis, empirical observations prove that there is a need for a paradigm shift of the educational process in Russian universities, including the development of student collaborations potential in the digital educational environment. The described five-year study involved 46 students of Petrozavodsk State University. Formalized open- and closed-ended questionnaires, as well as observation, expert assessment and statistics methods were used. A model of teaching foreign languages in a digital environment based on teamwork and self-organization is presented. It includes three modules. The first module involves the creation of a competitive foreign-language environment that encourages the development of leadership qualities and self-presentation skills through participation in digital competitions, festivals and language olympiads. The second module is aimed at forming teamwork skills, developing dialogic communicative skills, expanding the communication space for a more natural language socialization of students in professional and socio-cultural discourse. The third module allows organizing group work between students, as well as between students and teachers. The technology of creating a professionally oriented website in English by master's and bachelor's students is described. The results confirm that learning in such a model contributes to the transformation of the roles and functions of teachers and students, leading to a change in their interaction. This, in turn, not only stimulates the development of students' soft skills (such as communicative and digital skills, teamwork, leadership, systemic and critical thinking), but also creates conditions for the implementation of their initiative, creativity and new ideas. The authors conclude that the proposed model contributes to the development of a new method of teaching a foreign language in the digital environment and helps students to socialize in their future profession.
{"title":"Transformation of education in a foreign language digital environment","authors":"I. Abramova, E. Shishmolina","doi":"10.17223/15617793/482/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/17","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the practical implementation of an experimental model for shaping professional and universal competences of non-linguistic students of humanities in a digital environment of a regional university. It analyzes the ongoing transformation of the educational process, roles and functions of students and teachers. The urgency of the research is determined by the need to find new effective pedagogical technologies for forming competences, which are in demand in knowledge economy. Theoretical and methodological analysis, empirical observations prove that there is a need for a paradigm shift of the educational process in Russian universities, including the development of student collaborations potential in the digital educational environment. The described five-year study involved 46 students of Petrozavodsk State University. Formalized open- and closed-ended questionnaires, as well as observation, expert assessment and statistics methods were used. A model of teaching foreign languages in a digital environment based on teamwork and self-organization is presented. It includes three modules. The first module involves the creation of a competitive foreign-language environment that encourages the development of leadership qualities and self-presentation skills through participation in digital competitions, festivals and language olympiads. The second module is aimed at forming teamwork skills, developing dialogic communicative skills, expanding the communication space for a more natural language socialization of students in professional and socio-cultural discourse. The third module allows organizing group work between students, as well as between students and teachers. The technology of creating a professionally oriented website in English by master's and bachelor's students is described. The results confirm that learning in such a model contributes to the transformation of the roles and functions of teachers and students, leading to a change in their interaction. This, in turn, not only stimulates the development of students' soft skills (such as communicative and digital skills, teamwork, leadership, systemic and critical thinking), but also creates conditions for the implementation of their initiative, creativity and new ideas. The authors conclude that the proposed model contributes to the development of a new method of teaching a foreign language in the digital environment and helps students to socialize in their future profession.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents a study that considers the readiness of the representatives of the population, among the inhabitants of the Siberian Federal District, to accept and use cryptocurrencies. The authors formulate the main directions of the cryptocurrency market’s development, which are associated with their influence on the system of monetary relations and their acceptance by the mass population. Cryptocurrency is considered as a financial market tool that changes the traditional way of people’s life, their worldviews and values. The authors reveal the features of economic and psychological reasons that influence people’s perception and understanding of financial transformations. The aim of this article is to determine the trends in the development of the cryptocurrency market that are associated with its influence on the system of monetary relations and their acceptance by the mass population. A study of the ongoing changes will allow a much deeper analysis and assessment of the nature of the ongoing changes and innovative processes. The research hypothesis was that the monetary system of relations should be improved through the development of cryptocurrencies as a new payment instrument that meets the requirements of modern society’s development and the functioning of a decentralized financial system. In the course of the study, methods of comparative analysis, generalizations, and systematic approaches were used. The informational and empirical base of the study was data obtained during the survey of respondents over 18 years old, living in the cities of the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. The authors explored the nature of innovative processes from the point of view of the mass consumer; identified and analyzed the main trends of the modern world, with which the people of the region associate the emergence and spread of cryptocurrencies, their advantages and disadvantages; assessed the prospects for the use of cryptocurrencies, as well as the possibility of their recognition as a means of payment, from the point of view of representatives of the region’s population. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that, at present, the functions of regulatory and governing state bodies should be directed towards expanding the virtual space, building a decentralized financial system of relations and developing regulatory norms for financial market participants. The development of the economy is impossible without the cryptocurrency market, which is its integral part and is dictated by the time and the needs of society.
{"title":"Study of the readiness of the region’s population to accept cryptocurrencies as a means of payment","authors":"M. Zhigas, S. Kuzmina","doi":"10.17223/19988648/61/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988648/61/5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a study that considers the readiness of the representatives of the population, among the inhabitants of the Siberian Federal District, to accept and use cryptocurrencies. The authors formulate the main directions of the cryptocurrency market’s development, which are associated with their influence on the system of monetary relations and their acceptance by the mass population. Cryptocurrency is considered as a financial market tool that changes the traditional way of people’s life, their worldviews and values. The authors reveal the features of economic and psychological reasons that influence people’s perception and understanding of financial transformations. The aim of this article is to determine the trends in the development of the cryptocurrency market that are associated with its influence on the system of monetary relations and their acceptance by the mass population. A study of the ongoing changes will allow a much deeper analysis and assessment of the nature of the ongoing changes and innovative processes. The research hypothesis was that the monetary system of relations should be improved through the development of cryptocurrencies as a new payment instrument that meets the requirements of modern society’s development and the functioning of a decentralized financial system. In the course of the study, methods of comparative analysis, generalizations, and systematic approaches were used. The informational and empirical base of the study was data obtained during the survey of respondents over 18 years old, living in the cities of the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. The authors explored the nature of innovative processes from the point of view of the mass consumer; identified and analyzed the main trends of the modern world, with which the people of the region associate the emergence and spread of cryptocurrencies, their advantages and disadvantages; assessed the prospects for the use of cryptocurrencies, as well as the possibility of their recognition as a means of payment, from the point of view of representatives of the region’s population. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that, at present, the functions of regulatory and governing state bodies should be directed towards expanding the virtual space, building a decentralized financial system of relations and developing regulatory norms for financial market participants. The development of the economy is impossible without the cryptocurrency market, which is its integral part and is dictated by the time and the needs of society.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72640902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/480/18
Victor V. Raskolets, Anton G. Kosterev, M. Kim
Based on the materials of the periodical press, office documentation, memoirs of contemporaries using systematic, historical and genetic approaches, diachronous historical analysis, the article interprets the scientific contribution of Tomsk Institute of Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering to the achievements of specialized industries in the 1960s - early 1970s. The fact is emphasized that the scientific development of the Institute in the 1960s and early 1970s took place against the backdrop of a number of contradictory processes that encouraged and hindered scientific work. There was a favorable regulatory, legal and institutional climate for the development of the Institute, however, the very nature of the institution in the form of a higher school and its peripheral position in the scientific and educational space of the USSR did not favor active scientific research. This was reflected in problems related to personnel, logistics and maintenance, which the Institute had to solve until the end of the first decade of its existence. Success here was ensured thanks to the help of the leaders of the region in the second half of the 1960s (Yegor Ligachyov), due to the competent policy of the Institute's leaders and the enthusiasm of the younger generation of the Institute's employees. Almost immediately the Institute began to position itself as an educational and research institution that, developing specialized industries, incorporates at the level of state and economic contractual relations with institutions located both in the center and on the periphery. Setting up R&D was successful, which, among other things, shows at the level of the Institute's quantitative indicators. As a result, by the beginning of the 1970s, the Institute became an integral part of the scientific and educational space of the region, which, in turn, provided it with additional opportunities to contribute to the development of the USSR's core industries. The conclusion is formulated that in the first decade the Institute faced logistics- and personnel-related problems; however, it was at this time that the foundation was laid for subsequent successful scientific development. Further research on this issue in two directions is desirable: (1) a comparative historical study of higher schools in the field of electronics and radioelectronics to analyze indicators and identify efficiency; (2) biographical and prosopographic studies of the graduates of Tomsk Institute of Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering to determine their contribution to the achievements of Soviet science and technology in the 1960s and subsequent decades.
{"title":"Tomsk Institute of Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering: Scientific contribution to the development of specialized industries","authors":"Victor V. Raskolets, Anton G. Kosterev, M. Kim","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/18","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the materials of the periodical press, office documentation, memoirs of contemporaries using systematic, historical and genetic approaches, diachronous historical analysis, the article interprets the scientific contribution of Tomsk Institute of Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering to the achievements of specialized industries in the 1960s - early 1970s. The fact is emphasized that the scientific development of the Institute in the 1960s and early 1970s took place against the backdrop of a number of contradictory processes that encouraged and hindered scientific work. There was a favorable regulatory, legal and institutional climate for the development of the Institute, however, the very nature of the institution in the form of a higher school and its peripheral position in the scientific and educational space of the USSR did not favor active scientific research. This was reflected in problems related to personnel, logistics and maintenance, which the Institute had to solve until the end of the first decade of its existence. Success here was ensured thanks to the help of the leaders of the region in the second half of the 1960s (Yegor Ligachyov), due to the competent policy of the Institute's leaders and the enthusiasm of the younger generation of the Institute's employees. Almost immediately the Institute began to position itself as an educational and research institution that, developing specialized industries, incorporates at the level of state and economic contractual relations with institutions located both in the center and on the periphery. Setting up R&D was successful, which, among other things, shows at the level of the Institute's quantitative indicators. As a result, by the beginning of the 1970s, the Institute became an integral part of the scientific and educational space of the region, which, in turn, provided it with additional opportunities to contribute to the development of the USSR's core industries. The conclusion is formulated that in the first decade the Institute faced logistics- and personnel-related problems; however, it was at this time that the foundation was laid for subsequent successful scientific development. Further research on this issue in two directions is desirable: (1) a comparative historical study of higher schools in the field of electronics and radioelectronics to analyze indicators and identify efficiency; (2) biographical and prosopographic studies of the graduates of Tomsk Institute of Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering to determine their contribution to the achievements of Soviet science and technology in the 1960s and subsequent decades.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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