The author compares five English translations of Alexander Pushkin's A Journey to Arzrum that we know now. These are works made by Birgitta Ingemanson (1974), Ronald Wilks (1998), David and Ludmila Matthews (2003), Nicholas Pasternak Slater (2013), and Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky (2016). Four of these translations (the latter ones) have not been included into the latest bibliography of English translations and studies of Pushkin's works (1999). The growing number of translations may indicate an increasing interest to A Journey to Arzrum. This study aims to detect the translators' strategies (the level of domestication or foreignization) and their approach to Pushkin's work; to mark the mistakes and inaccuracies, stylistic features, lexical and syntactic peculiarities of translations and differences between them and between them and the original text. The study also shows how the translators' approach to A Journey to Arzrum changed over time. By pointing out all these we can conclude which type of audience suits each translation most and what the general tendency is. In the article the author gives basic information about these translations and their authors and analyze the examples according to the following sections: formal distinctions and main difference in the approaches; toponyms and ethnonyms; exoticisms and direct speech; stylistic peculiarities of the translations (where the author analyzes bigger, complicated, most stylistically expressive fragments of the text and variations in translating names and titles, along with noting syntactic peculiarities). The majority of inaccuracies the author has found come from David and Ludmila Matthews' translation. At the same time this work is the easiest to perceive for broad (especially non-academic) audience or readers that are not well familiar with Russian and Caucasian culture of that period (foreign-language quotes are translated as well as many exoti-cisms etc.). The other translators tend to save accurately the specificities of Pushkin's text and local peculiarities. The author states that, in general, earlier translators chose domestication as a strategy while the later ones preferred foreignization. The highest degree of foreignization in addition to tendency towards maximal figurativeness of the text is observed in Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky's version. The latter characteristic sometimes does not clearly match the lucidity of Pushkin's style. Birgitta Ingemanson with rare exceptions shows quite a good balance at this point in her translation. It is also interesting to mention that Nicholas Pasternak Slater tries to correct Pushkin's own inaccuracies. The author concludes that all the translations are done properly. Ingemanson's, Wilks', Pasternak Slater's and Pevear and Volokhonsky's versions are distinguished by a very accurate and thorough approach. However, Matthews' translation is good and unique in terms of accomplishing a specific purpose - being understandable
作者比较了我们现在所知道的亚历山大·普希金的《阿兹鲁姆游记》的五种英译本。这些作品分别由Birgitta Ingemanson(1974)、Ronald Wilks(1998)、David and Ludmila Matthews(2003)、Nicholas Pasternak Slater(2013)和Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky(2016)创作。其中四个译本(后一个译本)没有被列入最新的普希金作品英译和研究书目(1999年)。越来越多的译本可能表明人们对《阿兹鲁姆之旅》越来越感兴趣。本研究旨在揭示译者对普希金作品的翻译策略(归化或异化)及其翻译方法;标出译文中的错误和不准确之处、文体特点、词汇和句法特点以及译文与原文之间的差异。该研究还显示了译者对《阿兹鲁姆游记》的翻译方法是如何随着时间的推移而变化的。通过指出所有这些，我们可以得出哪种类型的受众最适合每种翻译，以及总的趋势是什么。本文介绍了这些译本及其作者的基本情况，并从以下几个方面对译文进行了分析:形式上的区别和翻译方法上的主要区别;地名和民族名;外来语与直接引语;翻译的文体特点(作者分析更大、更复杂、最具文体表现力的文本片段和翻译姓名和头衔时的变化，同时注意句法特点)。作者发现的大部分不准确之处来自David and Ludmila Matthews的翻译。同时，对于广大的(尤其是非学术的)读者或不太熟悉那个时期的俄罗斯和高加索文化的读者来说，这部作品是最容易理解的(外语引用被翻译了，还有许多异国情调等)。其他译者倾向于准确地保留普希金文本的特殊性和地方特点。作者认为，一般来说，早期译者选择归化作为翻译策略，而后期译者选择异化作为翻译策略。在理查德·佩尔和拉里萨·沃洛康斯基的译本中，异化程度最高，并倾向于文本的最大形象化。后者的特点有时与普希金风格的清晰性并不明显匹配。在这一点上，Birgitta Ingemanson在她的翻译中表现出了很好的平衡。同样有趣的是，尼古拉斯·帕斯捷尔纳克·斯莱特试图纠正普希金自己的错误。作者的结论是，所有的翻译都是正确的。英格曼森的、威尔克斯的、帕斯捷尔纳克·斯莱特的、佩尔尔的和沃洛康斯基的版本的特点是方法非常准确和彻底。然而，马修斯的翻译在实现一个特定的目的——普通读者可以理解——方面是很好的和独特的。这样就有助于《阿兹鲁姆游记》在英语观众中的普及。
{"title":"The change of approach to English translations of Alexander Pushkin's A Journey to Arzrum","authors":"Ksenia S. Alexandrova","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/1","url":null,"abstract":"The author compares five English translations of Alexander Pushkin's A Journey to Arzrum that we know now. These are works made by Birgitta Ingemanson (1974), Ronald Wilks (1998), David and Ludmila Matthews (2003), Nicholas Pasternak Slater (2013), and Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky (2016). Four of these translations (the latter ones) have not been included into the latest bibliography of English translations and studies of Pushkin's works (1999). The growing number of translations may indicate an increasing interest to A Journey to Arzrum. This study aims to detect the translators' strategies (the level of domestication or foreignization) and their approach to Pushkin's work; to mark the mistakes and inaccuracies, stylistic features, lexical and syntactic peculiarities of translations and differences between them and between them and the original text. The study also shows how the translators' approach to A Journey to Arzrum changed over time. By pointing out all these we can conclude which type of audience suits each translation most and what the general tendency is. In the article the author gives basic information about these translations and their authors and analyze the examples according to the following sections: formal distinctions and main difference in the approaches; toponyms and ethnonyms; exoticisms and direct speech; stylistic peculiarities of the translations (where the author analyzes bigger, complicated, most stylistically expressive fragments of the text and variations in translating names and titles, along with noting syntactic peculiarities). The majority of inaccuracies the author has found come from David and Ludmila Matthews' translation. At the same time this work is the easiest to perceive for broad (especially non-academic) audience or readers that are not well familiar with Russian and Caucasian culture of that period (foreign-language quotes are translated as well as many exoti-cisms etc.). The other translators tend to save accurately the specificities of Pushkin's text and local peculiarities. The author states that, in general, earlier translators chose domestication as a strategy while the later ones preferred foreignization. The highest degree of foreignization in addition to tendency towards maximal figurativeness of the text is observed in Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky's version. The latter characteristic sometimes does not clearly match the lucidity of Pushkin's style. Birgitta Ingemanson with rare exceptions shows quite a good balance at this point in her translation. It is also interesting to mention that Nicholas Pasternak Slater tries to correct Pushkin's own inaccuracies. The author concludes that all the translations are done properly. Ingemanson's, Wilks', Pasternak Slater's and Pevear and Volokhonsky's versions are distinguished by a very accurate and thorough approach. However, Matthews' translation is good and unique in terms of accomplishing a specific purpose - being understandable","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dynamics of relations between the Kaliningrad region and its neighboring countries demonstrates various strategic approaches for positioning the region: a military outpost, a “development corridor” and a region of international cooperation. The latter option is considered the most promising scenario. However, the effectiveness of the implementation of the program largely depends on the degree of acceptance of the new geopolitical role of the region by the population of the region. First of all, those who represent the cultural and professional future - the youth. Therefore, the aim of this article is to determine the ideas of young people in the Kaliningrad region about the prospects and barriers of international cooperation with the Russian exclave, as well as to record their assessment of the socio-economic, cultural and infrastructural network of interactions with the Eurasian Economic Union and the European Union. The main research method is a sociological survey of young people aged 18-35 in Kaliningrad and border municipalities of the Kaliningrad region. The survey was conducted in May 2021. The research sample consisted of 463 respondents. Depending on the attitude to the EAEU and the EU a typology of Kaliningrad youth is proposed: Eurasians and anti-Eurasians, pro-Europeans and Euro-pessimists. A positive attitude to each integration project (EU and EAEU) significantly prevails among the youth of the Kaliningrad region. The European Union is seen as the region's preferred partner in such areas as culture, science, education, transport and infrastructure, and environmental protection. The Eurasian Economic Union seems to be a more reliable partner for cooperation in the military sphere. The socio-economic and healthcare spheres turn out to be outside of integration agenda. The absolute majority of the respondents supported the development of cooperation with Poland and Lithuania in various fields, especially in the tourism industry. Despite the support for the idea of cross-border cooperation, the majority of the young people demonstrated extremely poor awareness of the main international programs with the Kaliningrad region. They also could not give specific examples of cross-border cooperation. According to the youth, there are such main barriers to cross-border cooperation as the COVID-19 pandemic, the visa regime, the two-sided sanctions of the European Union and Russia, and stereotypes in the perception of Russians by residents of the neighboring countries.
{"title":"EU vs EAEU: Youth of the Russian exclave on prospects and barriers of international cooperation","authors":"Mikhail I. Krishtal, A. Shchekoturov","doi":"10.17223/15617793/482/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/2","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of relations between the Kaliningrad region and its neighboring countries demonstrates various strategic approaches for positioning the region: a military outpost, a “development corridor” and a region of international cooperation. The latter option is considered the most promising scenario. However, the effectiveness of the implementation of the program largely depends on the degree of acceptance of the new geopolitical role of the region by the population of the region. First of all, those who represent the cultural and professional future - the youth. Therefore, the aim of this article is to determine the ideas of young people in the Kaliningrad region about the prospects and barriers of international cooperation with the Russian exclave, as well as to record their assessment of the socio-economic, cultural and infrastructural network of interactions with the Eurasian Economic Union and the European Union. The main research method is a sociological survey of young people aged 18-35 in Kaliningrad and border municipalities of the Kaliningrad region. The survey was conducted in May 2021. The research sample consisted of 463 respondents. Depending on the attitude to the EAEU and the EU a typology of Kaliningrad youth is proposed: Eurasians and anti-Eurasians, pro-Europeans and Euro-pessimists. A positive attitude to each integration project (EU and EAEU) significantly prevails among the youth of the Kaliningrad region. The European Union is seen as the region's preferred partner in such areas as culture, science, education, transport and infrastructure, and environmental protection. The Eurasian Economic Union seems to be a more reliable partner for cooperation in the military sphere. The socio-economic and healthcare spheres turn out to be outside of integration agenda. The absolute majority of the respondents supported the development of cooperation with Poland and Lithuania in various fields, especially in the tourism industry. Despite the support for the idea of cross-border cooperation, the majority of the young people demonstrated extremely poor awareness of the main international programs with the Kaliningrad region. They also could not give specific examples of cross-border cooperation. According to the youth, there are such main barriers to cross-border cooperation as the COVID-19 pandemic, the visa regime, the two-sided sanctions of the European Union and Russia, and stereotypes in the perception of Russians by residents of the neighboring countries.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/480/13
Lin Li
The article focuses on the role of cultural exchanges between Russia and China in the 19th century and highlights the following aspects of Russian-Chinese cultural interactions at the initial stage: the first trips of Chinese diplomats abroad, the role of the Orthodox mission in spreading knowledge about China in Russia, literature exchange, the contribution of Russian writers to popularizing Chinese culture and of Chinese writers and revolutionaries to popularizing Russian literature. The author came to the following conclusions. The Chinese diplomatic mission in Russia in the 19th century was not numerous (Bin Chun, Li Hongzhan and some others); visits of official delegations were not frequent either, which had some implications for the negligible outcome of long-term interactions and cultural exchanges. Another opportunity to get acquainted with China and Chinese culture was provided by the establishment of the Russian Orthodox Mission, which played an important role in spreading knowledge about China in Russia, as well as in the birth of Russian Chinese studies and the formation of a pleiad of Orientalists (Bichurin, Vasilyev). Chinese literature in Russia was in demand among not only scholars, but also writers, who contributed greatly to the dissemination of Chinese culture. Russian literature developed an interest in Chinese culture and classical literature, which was reflected in the works of Pushkin and Tolstoy. “Chinese motifs” are heard in Ruslan and Lyudmila, Eugene Onegin, and “To a Friend”. Pushkin also researched and edited expedition reports and letters about China. He was a friend of Bichurin and positively evaluated his translation of San Zi Jing (Rus. Troeslovie; En. The Three Character Classic). Tolstoy seriously studied Confucianism and Taoism and was directly involved in the translation of the Tao Te Ching from French and German. China also gradually began to become familiar with Russian literature. Tolstoy's works had the greatest influence - they were very common in China at the beginning of the twentieth century. Many young people of the time - first of all, revolutionaries and writers, the first leaders of the Communist Party of China (Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun and Hu Shih, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, etc.) - liked Tolstoy's works. The worldview of Tolstoy the thinker and the humanistic spirit of his works became an important spiritual nourishment for the development of modern Chinese literature; together with translations of his texts, Russian cultural and philosophical views entered the Chinese spiritual space. Further processes of interaction and exchanges between the two countries took place in various directions, became a link for modern international cooperation and the desire for common development at the beginning of the 21st century.
{"title":"The initial stage of Russian-Chinese cultural interactions","authors":"Lin Li","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/13","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the role of cultural exchanges between Russia and China in the 19th century and highlights the following aspects of Russian-Chinese cultural interactions at the initial stage: the first trips of Chinese diplomats abroad, the role of the Orthodox mission in spreading knowledge about China in Russia, literature exchange, the contribution of Russian writers to popularizing Chinese culture and of Chinese writers and revolutionaries to popularizing Russian literature. The author came to the following conclusions. The Chinese diplomatic mission in Russia in the 19th century was not numerous (Bin Chun, Li Hongzhan and some others); visits of official delegations were not frequent either, which had some implications for the negligible outcome of long-term interactions and cultural exchanges. Another opportunity to get acquainted with China and Chinese culture was provided by the establishment of the Russian Orthodox Mission, which played an important role in spreading knowledge about China in Russia, as well as in the birth of Russian Chinese studies and the formation of a pleiad of Orientalists (Bichurin, Vasilyev). Chinese literature in Russia was in demand among not only scholars, but also writers, who contributed greatly to the dissemination of Chinese culture. Russian literature developed an interest in Chinese culture and classical literature, which was reflected in the works of Pushkin and Tolstoy. “Chinese motifs” are heard in Ruslan and Lyudmila, Eugene Onegin, and “To a Friend”. Pushkin also researched and edited expedition reports and letters about China. He was a friend of Bichurin and positively evaluated his translation of San Zi Jing (Rus. Troeslovie; En. The Three Character Classic). Tolstoy seriously studied Confucianism and Taoism and was directly involved in the translation of the Tao Te Ching from French and German. China also gradually began to become familiar with Russian literature. Tolstoy's works had the greatest influence - they were very common in China at the beginning of the twentieth century. Many young people of the time - first of all, revolutionaries and writers, the first leaders of the Communist Party of China (Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun and Hu Shih, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, etc.) - liked Tolstoy's works. The worldview of Tolstoy the thinker and the humanistic spirit of his works became an important spiritual nourishment for the development of modern Chinese literature; together with translations of his texts, Russian cultural and philosophical views entered the Chinese spiritual space. Further processes of interaction and exchanges between the two countries took place in various directions, became a link for modern international cooperation and the desire for common development at the beginning of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/480/11
Alexandr L. Afanasev
The aim of the article is to prove the author's hypothesis that the vast temperance movement (TM) increased the potential of the reformist development in Russia. The objective is to learn the exact mechanism of its influence on the society. The research methodology includes analysis, synthesis, objectivity, historicism and interdisciplinarity. The sources of the material are: reports and periodicals of temperance societies, papers by the movement participants, notes of the anti-alcohol congresses, articles by administrative bodies, newspapers. The analyzed territory is Russia without Poland and Finland. TM was the society's response to the alcohol policy by the tsarism. Its influence was increasing. As of 1 January 1911, there were 1,873 temperance societies in Russia with nearly 500,000 members. 74.5 % of the societies were located in villages with most members from the peasantry; 25.5 % were in urban settlements, with most members from workers. 1,782 societies (95.14 % of the total number) were religious with 1,771 of them Orthodox. Their leaders were mostly priests. Of 91 civil societies, 56 were Estonian, 15 Latvian, 2 Finnish and 18 international ones. The manifestation and outcomes of the movement were the following. (A) Locally, (1) the participants of the movement adopted a sober lifestyle, peace and wealth came into families; (2) the participants became a part of a group of soulmates, many of them found a high meaning of life; (3) some societies were involved in educational and charity work; (4) the societies encouraged people to take part in useful activities; (5) due to the societies' impact, open alcohol abuse, hooliganism and criminal activity were decreasing, sober traditions were emerging, communities made public verdicts to close down state wine stores and to ban illegal alcohol sale. (B) On the state and regional levels, on 11 December 1907 the III State Duma established the Anti-alcohol Panel. On 16 November 1911 the Duma adopted the law providing for essential educational and restrictive measures. In 1909-1912 All-Russia congresses against alcohol abuse were held. In 1913-1914 abstinence festivals in both capitals and in more than 50 other provinces were organized. Nicholas II saw the movement as a way to reinforce the political situation in the country; in April 1913 he began to openly support it and in January 1914 proceeded to change the alcohol policy in the country. A circular of the Minister of Finance of 11 March 1914 indicated that it was necessary to satisfy the petitions of rural societies to ban the sale of vodka on their territory. In February-July 1914, the government approved 800 such petitions. A campaign began, during which local governments and state authorities took new educational and restrictive anti-alcohol measures. So, the temperance movement, reformist in character, contributed to the improvement and strengthening of Russia. It urged the authorities to take measures that increased the stability of societ
{"title":"The reformist character of the temperance movement in Russia in the “path choice” period in 1907-1914","authors":"Alexandr L. Afanasev","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to prove the author's hypothesis that the vast temperance movement (TM) increased the potential of the reformist development in Russia. The objective is to learn the exact mechanism of its influence on the society. The research methodology includes analysis, synthesis, objectivity, historicism and interdisciplinarity. The sources of the material are: reports and periodicals of temperance societies, papers by the movement participants, notes of the anti-alcohol congresses, articles by administrative bodies, newspapers. The analyzed territory is Russia without Poland and Finland. TM was the society's response to the alcohol policy by the tsarism. Its influence was increasing. As of 1 January 1911, there were 1,873 temperance societies in Russia with nearly 500,000 members. 74.5 % of the societies were located in villages with most members from the peasantry; 25.5 % were in urban settlements, with most members from workers. 1,782 societies (95.14 % of the total number) were religious with 1,771 of them Orthodox. Their leaders were mostly priests. Of 91 civil societies, 56 were Estonian, 15 Latvian, 2 Finnish and 18 international ones. The manifestation and outcomes of the movement were the following. (A) Locally, (1) the participants of the movement adopted a sober lifestyle, peace and wealth came into families; (2) the participants became a part of a group of soulmates, many of them found a high meaning of life; (3) some societies were involved in educational and charity work; (4) the societies encouraged people to take part in useful activities; (5) due to the societies' impact, open alcohol abuse, hooliganism and criminal activity were decreasing, sober traditions were emerging, communities made public verdicts to close down state wine stores and to ban illegal alcohol sale. (B) On the state and regional levels, on 11 December 1907 the III State Duma established the Anti-alcohol Panel. On 16 November 1911 the Duma adopted the law providing for essential educational and restrictive measures. In 1909-1912 All-Russia congresses against alcohol abuse were held. In 1913-1914 abstinence festivals in both capitals and in more than 50 other provinces were organized. Nicholas II saw the movement as a way to reinforce the political situation in the country; in April 1913 he began to openly support it and in January 1914 proceeded to change the alcohol policy in the country. A circular of the Minister of Finance of 11 March 1914 indicated that it was necessary to satisfy the petitions of rural societies to ban the sale of vodka on their territory. In February-July 1914, the government approved 800 such petitions. A campaign began, during which local governments and state authorities took new educational and restrictive anti-alcohol measures. So, the temperance movement, reformist in character, contributed to the improvement and strengthening of Russia. It urged the authorities to take measures that increased the stability of societ","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The banking system has recently experienced a series of shocks that have extremely serious consequences. These challenges lead to the need for a rapid transformation of approaches to banking risk management, both for bank management and for regulatory bodies. Financial markets during such periods are highly unpredictable, which leads to an increase in the impact of market risks on the bank’s activities. One of the most important types of risks for banks due to the specifics of their activities as a financial intermediary is interest rate risk. Until the late 1960s, the capital market was characterized by relatively low and stable interest rates. The collapse of the Bretton Woods system and the strengthening of the positions of monetarism led to a more dynamic change in the market value of monetary resources. Money has come to be regarded more as a “specific” product, and the change in its market price affects the economic condition of a particular person in the same way as prices of goods, the state of the stock and currency markets. Approaches to the interpretation of interest rate risk by various authors have certain features. In the authors’ opinion, the interpretation of interest rate risk solely as the probability of losses can be transformed, taking into account the impact on an economic entity’s activity of shifts in supply and demand for a particular product (asset). At the same time, interest rate risk should be considered as a type of market risk. One of the most commonly used metrics for measuring the interest rate risk of financial performance deviations is dispersion. That is, the risk can have not only a negative, but also a positive impact on the financial condition of an economic entity. However, this should not be taken to mean that the risk management mechanism is not of great importance. At the moment, the range of methods used to assess and manage interest rate risk is not very wide. The methods include: GAP-analysis, duration method, Macauley method. They are widely used and successfully applied in banking practice. However, the methods of managing this group of risks require serious adaptation, taking into account modern realities. When risk materialization events occur, it is extremely difficult to assess the scale of the impact on the financial performance of the bank without modifications. In practice, this leads to the need to transform and supplement the considered management methods. As an addition to the main methods, according to the authors, the following can also be applied: NII (net interest income) dispersion method; method of transfer identification of the option component of interest rate risk; redundancy method; method of emulating management tools. The authors consider it expedient to expand the generally accepted methods by adding supplemental approaches to optimize the application of existing methods and also propose the use of correlation dependencies of financial markets as an alternative to traditional i
{"title":"Transformation of methods for assessing and managing the interest rate risk of the bank in the modern conditions","authors":"A. Volkov, Alyona E. Zaborovskaya","doi":"10.17223/19988648/61/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988648/61/11","url":null,"abstract":"The banking system has recently experienced a series of shocks that have extremely serious consequences. These challenges lead to the need for a rapid transformation of approaches to banking risk management, both for bank management and for regulatory bodies. Financial markets during such periods are highly unpredictable, which leads to an increase in the impact of market risks on the bank’s activities. One of the most important types of risks for banks due to the specifics of their activities as a financial intermediary is interest rate risk. Until the late 1960s, the capital market was characterized by relatively low and stable interest rates. The collapse of the Bretton Woods system and the strengthening of the positions of monetarism led to a more dynamic change in the market value of monetary resources. Money has come to be regarded more as a “specific” product, and the change in its market price affects the economic condition of a particular person in the same way as prices of goods, the state of the stock and currency markets. Approaches to the interpretation of interest rate risk by various authors have certain features. In the authors’ opinion, the interpretation of interest rate risk solely as the probability of losses can be transformed, taking into account the impact on an economic entity’s activity of shifts in supply and demand for a particular product (asset). At the same time, interest rate risk should be considered as a type of market risk. One of the most commonly used metrics for measuring the interest rate risk of financial performance deviations is dispersion. That is, the risk can have not only a negative, but also a positive impact on the financial condition of an economic entity. However, this should not be taken to mean that the risk management mechanism is not of great importance. At the moment, the range of methods used to assess and manage interest rate risk is not very wide. The methods include: GAP-analysis, duration method, Macauley method. They are widely used and successfully applied in banking practice. However, the methods of managing this group of risks require serious adaptation, taking into account modern realities. When risk materialization events occur, it is extremely difficult to assess the scale of the impact on the financial performance of the bank without modifications. In practice, this leads to the need to transform and supplement the considered management methods. As an addition to the main methods, according to the authors, the following can also be applied: NII (net interest income) dispersion method; method of transfer identification of the option component of interest rate risk; redundancy method; method of emulating management tools. The authors consider it expedient to expand the generally accepted methods by adding supplemental approaches to optimize the application of existing methods and also propose the use of correlation dependencies of financial markets as an alternative to traditional i","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89477475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to compare the COVID-19 consequences in countries with different state capacity indexes. The hypothesis is that the global crises are inversely related to state capacity. This article is based on the authors’ approach to assessing state capacity. The main idea is to evaluate the complex index for four domains – “Trust”, “Life Satisfaction”, “Competitive Order”, “Democracy”. Each domain consists of indicators that characterize the effectiveness of the governing in one of the key areas – ideology, social sphere, national economy, politics. Indicators for COVID-19 were retrieved from World Bank–2020: GDP per capita growth, industrial production growth, service growth, exports, imports, inflation and unemployment dynamics. Average and low state capacity countries show decreases in most of the indicators: GDP per capita growth rate, production growth rate, the growth rate of exports and imports. There are some country-specific features that influence the final result, but, in general, a high state capacity increases the chances of smoothing the recession. The North European countries – Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden – are the most resilient to negative shocks. The dynamics of unemployment in COVID-19 turned out to be practically insensitive to state capacity, which may be due to the support tools in the labor market and the short-term effects (most lockdowns did not exceed a few months). Nevertheless, in most countries, there is a general trend of increase in unemployment, regardless of the total state capacity index. Inflation turned out to be relatively more pronounced in countries with a low level of state capacity (from 0.5% to 1.5%), while, in countries with an average and high indicator, inflation mainly decreased during the COVID-19 restrictions. In general, the results of the study confirm the idea about a non-linear relation between state capacity and economic performance. The biggest GDP per capita decline (more than 10%) is typical for average state capacity countries (45–55 points), while countries with a high state capacity (from 70 points and more) demonstrate more significant success in overcoming the negative consequences of the pandemic, comparable with the results of countries with a low level of this indicator (less than 40 points). The results of the study confirms the scientific and practical potential of the authors’ approach to assessing state capacity for predicting the socio-economic consequences of global crises and analyzing the effectiveness of resilience governing.
{"title":"State capacity for economic sustainability in the external shocks framework Автор","authors":"E. Radionova, E. Frolova","doi":"10.17223/19988648/61/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/19988648/61/2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to compare the COVID-19 consequences in countries with different state capacity indexes. The hypothesis is that the global crises are inversely related to state capacity. This article is based on the authors’ approach to assessing state capacity. The main idea is to evaluate the complex index for four domains – “Trust”, “Life Satisfaction”, “Competitive Order”, “Democracy”. Each domain consists of indicators that characterize the effectiveness of the governing in one of the key areas – ideology, social sphere, national economy, politics. Indicators for COVID-19 were retrieved from World Bank–2020: GDP per capita growth, industrial production growth, service growth, exports, imports, inflation and unemployment dynamics. Average and low state capacity countries show decreases in most of the indicators: GDP per capita growth rate, production growth rate, the growth rate of exports and imports. There are some country-specific features that influence the final result, but, in general, a high state capacity increases the chances of smoothing the recession. The North European countries – Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden – are the most resilient to negative shocks. The dynamics of unemployment in COVID-19 turned out to be practically insensitive to state capacity, which may be due to the support tools in the labor market and the short-term effects (most lockdowns did not exceed a few months). Nevertheless, in most countries, there is a general trend of increase in unemployment, regardless of the total state capacity index. Inflation turned out to be relatively more pronounced in countries with a low level of state capacity (from 0.5% to 1.5%), while, in countries with an average and high indicator, inflation mainly decreased during the COVID-19 restrictions. In general, the results of the study confirm the idea about a non-linear relation between state capacity and economic performance. The biggest GDP per capita decline (more than 10%) is typical for average state capacity countries (45–55 points), while countries with a high state capacity (from 70 points and more) demonstrate more significant success in overcoming the negative consequences of the pandemic, comparable with the results of countries with a low level of this indicator (less than 40 points). The results of the study confirms the scientific and practical potential of the authors’ approach to assessing state capacity for predicting the socio-economic consequences of global crises and analyzing the effectiveness of resilience governing.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77440201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/480/19
M. Churkin
The article reconstructs the conditions and content of the expeditionary regulations of the employees of the Resettlement Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The study is based on the memoirs of Aleksei Tatishchev, an employee of the Department. The author of the article argues that these memoirs can be viewed as a symbolic linguistic structure, whose decoding makes it possible to recreate the way the local community perceived and interpreted the realities of the resettlement process. The aim of the work is to identify the structures of the daily life of officials of the institution as a space for the formation of practices of their adaptive behavior and professional identity. To reach the aim, the author employs the research experience of the “history of everyday life” and new research approaches and directions (“new imperial history”, “new cultural and intellectual history”), which opens up prospects for the discovery of new meanings and going beyond the narrow framework of “legislation-office-workimplementation” when discussing a wide range of issues of “internal” colonization of Russia during the imperial period. In the course of the study, the author identified the sphere of the public everyday life of the Department's employees where the practices of their adaptation to the outside world were implemented. He has established that comprehending the pointless life of government officials involved in the solving of important problems of empire building opens up prospects for a further study of everyday practices of the Russian bureaucracy. The author shows that within the limits of the expeditionary everyday life of the bureaucracy of the Resettlement Department, an important property of the noble-bureaucratic ethos was reproduced: the awareness of the enduring importance of service and responsibility to the state. This feature, reflected in the recollections of employees of the Resettlement Department about the practices of everyday behavior during the periods of expeditions, served as a basic characteristic of the officials' socio-cultural identity, ensuring high productivity of resettlement activities in the east of the country in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
{"title":"Practices of adaptive behavior of officials of the Resettlement Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the context of expeditionary everyday life at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries","authors":"M. Churkin","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/19","url":null,"abstract":"The article reconstructs the conditions and content of the expeditionary regulations of the employees of the Resettlement Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The study is based on the memoirs of Aleksei Tatishchev, an employee of the Department. The author of the article argues that these memoirs can be viewed as a symbolic linguistic structure, whose decoding makes it possible to recreate the way the local community perceived and interpreted the realities of the resettlement process. The aim of the work is to identify the structures of the daily life of officials of the institution as a space for the formation of practices of their adaptive behavior and professional identity. To reach the aim, the author employs the research experience of the “history of everyday life” and new research approaches and directions (“new imperial history”, “new cultural and intellectual history”), which opens up prospects for the discovery of new meanings and going beyond the narrow framework of “legislation-office-workimplementation” when discussing a wide range of issues of “internal” colonization of Russia during the imperial period. In the course of the study, the author identified the sphere of the public everyday life of the Department's employees where the practices of their adaptation to the outside world were implemented. He has established that comprehending the pointless life of government officials involved in the solving of important problems of empire building opens up prospects for a further study of everyday practices of the Russian bureaucracy. The author shows that within the limits of the expeditionary everyday life of the bureaucracy of the Resettlement Department, an important property of the noble-bureaucratic ethos was reproduced: the awareness of the enduring importance of service and responsibility to the state. This feature, reflected in the recollections of employees of the Resettlement Department about the practices of everyday behavior during the periods of expeditions, served as a basic characteristic of the officials' socio-cultural identity, ensuring high productivity of resettlement activities in the east of the country in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is an attempt to question the very correctness of the term free will. The problem of the compatibility of determinism with free will is indicated, which seems to be valuable. Further, it is proposed to clarify the term free will, and not the term determinism, for it is the belief in free will that is being tried to preserve, since it is considered valuable. The author points out that what makes free will valuable is the responsibility for the past and the control of the future. It is assumed that a free person controls the future and is responsible for the past. The question is whether the term free will is not superfluous when we can speak about the freedom of the agent, and whether, in principle, will can have the property of being free. The author argues that freedom is an anthropological concept that is not applicable to will. The article provides evidence that the freedom of a person is not to do as one pleases, but to act precisely on the basis of one's motives, even those that one shares with society as its member, even those that are generated by rational thinking. Three meanings of the term will are considered, namely, will as a proper synonym for freedom with a different connotation, as a complex of motives, and as a function of higher nervous activity. Focusing on the last two, the author compares the power of will in the meaning of the function of the higher nervous activity with such a condition of freedom as the ability to be the source of one's actions. Flexibility of will in the meaning of a complex of motives compares such a condition of freedom as the ability to do otherwise. The author also points out the possible significance of free will as the spontaneity of will and emphasizes its anti-value. He proposes to abandon the use of the term free will and to replace it with the term internal freedom of the agent,and, in relation to will, to apply such descriptions as strength or flexibility, depending on the meaning of the term used: in the meaning of the function of higher nervous activity or in the meaning of a complex of motives. Finally, the author points to the fact that determinism is a condition of the agent's freedom. The author criticizes semi-deterministic concepts as a way to try on responsibility with indeterministic episodes generated by the spontaneity of will. The author considers two semi-deterministic concepts: where the causality gap occurs after the decision is made, but only in a certain percentage of cases the action is carried out, and where the causality gap occurs before the decision is made, but only when the opposite motives are equal. The author, arguing that the spontaneity of will is antivaluable, sees no point in such a reconciliation, and even sees harm, since, in the author's opinion, it is determinism that gives the agent of freedom more freedom, and therefore more responsibility.
{"title":"Determinism and free will: Removing the problem of compatibility","authors":"Vitaliy V. Shishkin","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/7","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an attempt to question the very correctness of the term free will. The problem of the compatibility of determinism with free will is indicated, which seems to be valuable. Further, it is proposed to clarify the term free will, and not the term determinism, for it is the belief in free will that is being tried to preserve, since it is considered valuable. The author points out that what makes free will valuable is the responsibility for the past and the control of the future. It is assumed that a free person controls the future and is responsible for the past. The question is whether the term free will is not superfluous when we can speak about the freedom of the agent, and whether, in principle, will can have the property of being free. The author argues that freedom is an anthropological concept that is not applicable to will. The article provides evidence that the freedom of a person is not to do as one pleases, but to act precisely on the basis of one's motives, even those that one shares with society as its member, even those that are generated by rational thinking. Three meanings of the term will are considered, namely, will as a proper synonym for freedom with a different connotation, as a complex of motives, and as a function of higher nervous activity. Focusing on the last two, the author compares the power of will in the meaning of the function of the higher nervous activity with such a condition of freedom as the ability to be the source of one's actions. Flexibility of will in the meaning of a complex of motives compares such a condition of freedom as the ability to do otherwise. The author also points out the possible significance of free will as the spontaneity of will and emphasizes its anti-value. He proposes to abandon the use of the term free will and to replace it with the term internal freedom of the agent,and, in relation to will, to apply such descriptions as strength or flexibility, depending on the meaning of the term used: in the meaning of the function of higher nervous activity or in the meaning of a complex of motives. Finally, the author points to the fact that determinism is a condition of the agent's freedom. The author criticizes semi-deterministic concepts as a way to try on responsibility with indeterministic episodes generated by the spontaneity of will. The author considers two semi-deterministic concepts: where the causality gap occurs after the decision is made, but only in a certain percentage of cases the action is carried out, and where the causality gap occurs before the decision is made, but only when the opposite motives are equal. The author, arguing that the spontaneity of will is antivaluable, sees no point in such a reconciliation, and even sees harm, since, in the author's opinion, it is determinism that gives the agent of freedom more freedom, and therefore more responsibility.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the article is to analyze the transformation of information systems for controlling migration flows in the EU in cases where migration becomes a security issue, which intensified after the refugee crisis of 2015-2016. Special attention is paid to the use of big data analytics for forecasting migration. The research methods of the investigation were: the problem-chronological method to trace the evolution of the EU regulatory framework in the field of border control digitalization and an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the possibilities of using big data to forecast migration, with sociological and statistical methods to characterize migration flows. The article is based on the legal, statistical and fact sheets documents of the EU and the UN, and the publications of foreign and Russian researchers on this theme. The author considers the main characteristics and functional features of the Schengen information system and its components, identifies the limitations, highlightes the stages of transformation of the system and indicates the achieved and planned results. During the modification of the system, along with expanding the set of alerts, enhanced access is provided for EU agencies, including the possibility of making searches using fingerprints. A key function of the new system is to ensure the cooperation of nation states for prompt, confidential and efficient follow-up of cases, through the data exchange via a secure network. The author infers that the digital transformation of border control is aimed at creating a European-wide information infrastructure to investigate crimes and terrorist acts, generate alerts about the danger of their commission by “suspicious” persons and highlight groups of “unreliable” people whose stay in the EU is undesirable. At the same time, the target risk group is not limited to terrorists and criminals, but also includes illegal immigrants. In addition to border control information systems, big data analytics is used to monitor and forecast migration. Mobile phone call detail records, social media and Google trends become a leveraged data source to study mobility patterns and create profiles of potential migrants in real-time; the provided big data can also reflect emerging trends and support early warning mechanisms of easier monitoring of migration at national, subnational and local levels. Based on the analysis of the documents, statistical and sociological data, the author concludes that European migration policy has been advanced into a kind of risk management, in which, due to the process of digitalization, it is possible to profile groups of migrants and create series of “risk filters” serving to identify, isolate and deflect those whose presence in the EU should be limited.
{"title":"The digitalization of the European migration policy in the context of the securitization of migration","authors":"D. V. Alekseev","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/8","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the article is to analyze the transformation of information systems for controlling migration flows in the EU in cases where migration becomes a security issue, which intensified after the refugee crisis of 2015-2016. Special attention is paid to the use of big data analytics for forecasting migration. The research methods of the investigation were: the problem-chronological method to trace the evolution of the EU regulatory framework in the field of border control digitalization and an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the possibilities of using big data to forecast migration, with sociological and statistical methods to characterize migration flows. The article is based on the legal, statistical and fact sheets documents of the EU and the UN, and the publications of foreign and Russian researchers on this theme. The author considers the main characteristics and functional features of the Schengen information system and its components, identifies the limitations, highlightes the stages of transformation of the system and indicates the achieved and planned results. During the modification of the system, along with expanding the set of alerts, enhanced access is provided for EU agencies, including the possibility of making searches using fingerprints. A key function of the new system is to ensure the cooperation of nation states for prompt, confidential and efficient follow-up of cases, through the data exchange via a secure network. The author infers that the digital transformation of border control is aimed at creating a European-wide information infrastructure to investigate crimes and terrorist acts, generate alerts about the danger of their commission by “suspicious” persons and highlight groups of “unreliable” people whose stay in the EU is undesirable. At the same time, the target risk group is not limited to terrorists and criminals, but also includes illegal immigrants. In addition to border control information systems, big data analytics is used to monitor and forecast migration. Mobile phone call detail records, social media and Google trends become a leveraged data source to study mobility patterns and create profiles of potential migrants in real-time; the provided big data can also reflect emerging trends and support early warning mechanisms of easier monitoring of migration at national, subnational and local levels. Based on the analysis of the documents, statistical and sociological data, the author concludes that European migration policy has been advanced into a kind of risk management, in which, due to the process of digitalization, it is possible to profile groups of migrants and create series of “risk filters” serving to identify, isolate and deflect those whose presence in the EU should be limited.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17223/15617793/480/28
A. S. Knyazkov, Svetlana.V. Vedrentseva
In this article, the authors consider the problem statements of criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method. The study uses the modern methodology of scientific research represented by historical, systems and comparative modeling methods. The aim of this study is the substantiation of elemental constituents of modern criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method, which is given in the context of understanding a criminalistic characteristic of a crime as a category of criminalistics. The authors note that the absence of special research of criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method cannot be balanced for the purposes of theory and practice by research dedicated to the criminalistic characteristics of domestic murder, assassination, ritualistic murder and other types of murder, and this should be taken into account when selecting the techniques for investigating murders committed by a generally dangerous method. Such murders constitute a small proportion in the general number of annually committed murders in Russia; nevertheless, they have a special criminological importance in view of the potentially high threat of infliction of harm to a considerable or even indefinite range of persons. In the authors' opinion, this is the reason why investigation of these cases is always under special control of heads of law enforcement departments and is always accompanied with external difficulties caused by the character of this act, and this fact foregrounds the elaboration of problem statements intermediating the creation of the corresponding specific criminalistic methodology. The authors note the difference between the approach of the concept of criminalistic characteristics of a crime and the approach of the concept of the mechanism of a crime, which lies in the fact that supporters of the former approach come to the mechanism of a crime as a dynamic system through investigation of interacting subjects, and supporters of the latter to the investigation of elements participating in one or another form of interaction through investigation of the system of interaction process. The scientific approach consisting in the denial of the necessity of the notion “criminalistic characteristics of a crime” as a category is criticized. As a result, a suggestion is made of typical criminalistic characteristics given in extremely methodological terms indicating general features of the mentioned category. The elements of criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method considered in this article allow the authors to define the characteristics as a system of scientifically grounded statements on the settings of committing a crime, method of its preparation, committing and concealing, mechanism of a crime, identity of the criminal and identity of the victim. These can give information about each of the elements and about the
{"title":"Problems of criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method","authors":"A. S. Knyazkov, Svetlana.V. Vedrentseva","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/28","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the authors consider the problem statements of criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method. The study uses the modern methodology of scientific research represented by historical, systems and comparative modeling methods. The aim of this study is the substantiation of elemental constituents of modern criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method, which is given in the context of understanding a criminalistic characteristic of a crime as a category of criminalistics. The authors note that the absence of special research of criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method cannot be balanced for the purposes of theory and practice by research dedicated to the criminalistic characteristics of domestic murder, assassination, ritualistic murder and other types of murder, and this should be taken into account when selecting the techniques for investigating murders committed by a generally dangerous method. Such murders constitute a small proportion in the general number of annually committed murders in Russia; nevertheless, they have a special criminological importance in view of the potentially high threat of infliction of harm to a considerable or even indefinite range of persons. In the authors' opinion, this is the reason why investigation of these cases is always under special control of heads of law enforcement departments and is always accompanied with external difficulties caused by the character of this act, and this fact foregrounds the elaboration of problem statements intermediating the creation of the corresponding specific criminalistic methodology. The authors note the difference between the approach of the concept of criminalistic characteristics of a crime and the approach of the concept of the mechanism of a crime, which lies in the fact that supporters of the former approach come to the mechanism of a crime as a dynamic system through investigation of interacting subjects, and supporters of the latter to the investigation of elements participating in one or another form of interaction through investigation of the system of interaction process. The scientific approach consisting in the denial of the necessity of the notion “criminalistic characteristics of a crime” as a category is criticized. As a result, a suggestion is made of typical criminalistic characteristics given in extremely methodological terms indicating general features of the mentioned category. The elements of criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method considered in this article allow the authors to define the characteristics as a system of scientifically grounded statements on the settings of committing a crime, method of its preparation, committing and concealing, mechanism of a crime, identity of the criminal and identity of the victim. These can give information about each of the elements and about the","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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