The function of one-helix proteins (OHPs) in the thylakoid membrane remains poorly understood but may be linked to plant photosystem protection. In Arabidopsis, the 3'UTRs of the genes encoding OHP and OHP2 partially overlap with NDP1 and MES14 respectively. Antisense orientation of genes has the potential to form double-stranded transcript (dsRNA) molecules which can be processed to siRNA and trigger RNA interference (RNAi). Natural siRNAs are induced by abiotic and biotic stresses. We examined whether the expression of the OHP-NDP1 and OHP2-MES14 gene pairs is regulated in this way. Both OHP genes, but neither NDP1 nor MES14, were activated by light in etiolated seedlings, whereas cold and prolonged heat treatment elevated the OHP transcript level. Expression of OHP2 was down-regulated after 2 h of osmotic and heat stress, while salt and osmotic stress increased MES14 transcript levels. No inverse regulation of these overlapping gene pairs was observed, excluding RNAi as a regulatory mechanism in the tested conditions. The presence of alternatively polyadenylated transcripts of the studied genes raises the possibility of another regulatory mechanism of 3'UTR overlap.
{"title":"EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF CONVERGENTLY OVERLAPPING ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA GENE PAIRS OHP-NDP1 AND OHP2-MES14","authors":"K. Stawski, M. Banach, A. Goc","doi":"10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The function of one-helix proteins (OHPs) in the thylakoid membrane remains poorly understood but may be linked to plant photosystem protection. In Arabidopsis, the 3'UTRs of the genes encoding OHP and OHP2 partially overlap with NDP1 and MES14 respectively. Antisense orientation of genes has the potential to form double-stranded transcript (dsRNA) molecules which can be processed to siRNA and trigger RNA interference (RNAi). Natural siRNAs are induced by abiotic and biotic stresses. We examined whether the expression of the OHP-NDP1 and OHP2-MES14 gene pairs is regulated in this way. Both OHP genes, but neither NDP1 nor MES14, were activated by light in etiolated seedlings, whereas cold and prolonged heat treatment elevated the OHP transcript level. Expression of OHP2 was down-regulated after 2 h of osmotic and heat stress, while salt and osmotic stress increased MES14 transcript levels. No inverse regulation of these overlapping gene pairs was observed, excluding RNAi as a regulatory mechanism in the tested conditions. The presence of alternatively polyadenylated transcripts of the studied genes raises the possibility of another regulatory mechanism of 3'UTR overlap.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69075562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genetic diversity of potato cultivars collected from Yunnan Province was evaluated using 24 pairs of SSR markers. SSR analysis of 24 pairs of primers showed varying degrees of polymorphism among the 85 cultivars: 297 of the 304 bands were polymorphic. The primers yielded between 5 (STM2028) and 19 (StI029) bands (mean 12). The ratio of polymorphic bands ranged from 83.33% to 100% (mean 97.75%). Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 69.31% to 93.67% (mean 86.47%). Genetic similarity ranged from 0.5987 to 0.7632, indicating relatively low genetic diversity in the potato cultivars from Yunnan Province. Cluster analysis by UPGMA and PCA clearly delineated the genetic relationships of all cultivars; 83 of the 85 cultivars could be discriminated by only two pairs of primers, STM0030 and STM1104. The high polymorphism and good resolution of the primers used in this study make them good tools for discriminating potato cultivars.
{"title":"USING SSR TO EVALUATE THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF POTATO CULTIVARS FROM YUNNAN PROVINCE (SW CHINA)","authors":"Hong-Ying Liao, Huachun Guo","doi":"10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0003","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic diversity of potato cultivars collected from Yunnan Province was evaluated using 24 pairs of SSR markers. SSR analysis of 24 pairs of primers showed varying degrees of polymorphism among the 85 cultivars: 297 of the 304 bands were polymorphic. The primers yielded between 5 (STM2028) and 19 (StI029) bands (mean 12). The ratio of polymorphic bands ranged from 83.33% to 100% (mean 97.75%). Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 69.31% to 93.67% (mean 86.47%). Genetic similarity ranged from 0.5987 to 0.7632, indicating relatively low genetic diversity in the potato cultivars from Yunnan Province. Cluster analysis by UPGMA and PCA clearly delineated the genetic relationships of all cultivars; 83 of the 85 cultivars could be discriminated by only two pairs of primers, STM0030 and STM1104. The high polymorphism and good resolution of the primers used in this study make them good tools for discriminating potato cultivars.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69075490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RAPD analysis was applied to assess the degree of DNA polymorphism in A. fistulosum calli of high chromosomal instability. Nineteen of 24 randomly selected RAPD primers revealed scorable polymorphism between calli and seeds (reference material). Polymorphic band frequency was 55/237 in seeds and 36/233 in calli; variability on the DNA level was thus lower in calli than in seeds (15.4% vs. 23.2% of band positions). UPGMA analysis of Jaccard's coefficients confirmed the genetic similarity of the analyzed cultures. The most distinctive DNA changes in calli involved coincident loss of original bands or the appearance of novel bands. Seven such changes (4 losses, 3 gains) were observed. Our results suggest that changes on the chromosomal level and on the DNA level occurred independently of each other and that different callus lines underwent similar genetic changes during culture, presumably due to strong selection pressure effected by standard in vitro conditions.
{"title":"DNA Stability Contrasts with Chromosome Variability in Allium Fistulosum Calli","authors":"P. Mizia, D. Kwolek, T. Ilnicki","doi":"10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0005","url":null,"abstract":"RAPD analysis was applied to assess the degree of DNA polymorphism in A. fistulosum calli of high chromosomal instability. Nineteen of 24 randomly selected RAPD primers revealed scorable polymorphism between calli and seeds (reference material). Polymorphic band frequency was 55/237 in seeds and 36/233 in calli; variability on the DNA level was thus lower in calli than in seeds (15.4% vs. 23.2% of band positions). UPGMA analysis of Jaccard's coefficients confirmed the genetic similarity of the analyzed cultures. The most distinctive DNA changes in calli involved coincident loss of original bands or the appearance of novel bands. Seven such changes (4 losses, 3 gains) were observed. Our results suggest that changes on the chromosomal level and on the DNA level occurred independently of each other and that different callus lines underwent similar genetic changes during culture, presumably due to strong selection pressure effected by standard in vitro conditions.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69075517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Wilmowicz, K. Frankowski, W. Grzegorzewska, J. Kęsy, A. Kućko, M. Banach, A. Szmidt-Jaworska, M. Saniewski
Mechanical damage to scales of Hippeastrum × hybr. bulbs leads to the formation of phytoalexin-like compounds which redden the wounded tissue. The reaction is accompanied by an increase in methyl jasmonate (JAMe). Applying 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid, a jasmonate biosynthesis inhibitor, decreases the level of endogenous jasmonates and decreases the plant's ability to produce the red pigment. Experimental results indicate that jasmonates are involved in the defense response to wounding in Hippeastrum, which is manifested in the formation of red pigment, a compound of chalcones and flavans with phytoalexin-like properties.
{"title":"The Role of Jasmonates in the Formation of a Compound of Chalcones and Flavans with Phytoalexin-Like Properties in Mechanically Wounded Scales of Hippeastrum × Hybr. Bulbs","authors":"E. Wilmowicz, K. Frankowski, W. Grzegorzewska, J. Kęsy, A. Kućko, M. Banach, A. Szmidt-Jaworska, M. Saniewski","doi":"10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical damage to scales of Hippeastrum × hybr. bulbs leads to the formation of phytoalexin-like compounds which redden the wounded tissue. The reaction is accompanied by an increase in methyl jasmonate (JAMe). Applying 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid, a jasmonate biosynthesis inhibitor, decreases the level of endogenous jasmonates and decreases the plant's ability to produce the red pigment. Experimental results indicate that jasmonates are involved in the defense response to wounding in Hippeastrum, which is manifested in the formation of red pigment, a compound of chalcones and flavans with phytoalexin-like properties.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69075630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of feeding by the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on chlorophyll, carotenoid and flavonoid content was studied in waxy and waxless triticale genotypes. On both sampling dates (5 and 10 days after infestation), seedlings of infested waxy and waxless plants had lower chlorophylls and carotenoids and higher flavonoids than in uninfested plants.
{"title":"CHANGES IN PIGMENT CONTENT OF TRITICALE GENOTYPES INFESTED WITH GRAIN APHID SITOBION AVENAE (FABRICIUS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)","authors":"A. Wójcicka","doi":"10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0014","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of feeding by the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on chlorophyll, carotenoid and flavonoid content was studied in waxy and waxless triticale genotypes. On both sampling dates (5 and 10 days after infestation), seedlings of infested waxy and waxless plants had lower chlorophylls and carotenoids and higher flavonoids than in uninfested plants.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69076033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reproductive processes including male and female lines, embryo and endosperm development were studied in Cardaminopsis arenosa (syn. Arabidopsis arenosa ) growing on two metalliferous sites (Bukowno and Bolesław, S. Poland), rich in Zn, Pb, Cd and other metals. Disturbances of developmental processes and necroses observed in anthers and ovules influenced plant fertility and seed set of plants from both metal-polluted sites. In anthers, disturbances and necrosis during male meiosis and pollen development occurred at low frequency (4–5%). Pollen grain viability was very high, reaching over 90%. In ovules the frequency of abnormal meiosis, female gametophyte developmental disturbances and necrosis was high, 23.5–28% depending on site. The polluted envi- ronment also affected embryo and endosperm. Necrosis of whole generative structures decreased plant fertility. This study indicates that the range of disturbances and necroses in embryological structures and processes (at gametophyte level) gives a set of useful characters to determine plant tolerance to stress, complementary to many tolerance characters at the sporophyte level of plant ontogenesis.
研究了在布科诺(Bukowno)和Bolesław (S. Poland)两个富含锌、铅、镉等金属元素的土壤上生长的砂南芥(Cardaminopsis arennosa)的生殖过程，包括雄性和雌性系、胚胎和胚乳的发育。在两个金属污染地点，花药和胚珠发育过程的紊乱和坏死影响了植物的育性和结实率。在花药中，雄性减数分裂和花粉发育过程中出现干扰和坏死的频率较低(4-5%)。花粉粒活力很高，可达90%以上。在胚珠中，减数分裂异常、雌配子体发育障碍和坏死的发生率高，依部位而定，为23.5-28%。环境污染对胚胎和胚乳也有影响。整个生殖结构的坏死降低了植物的肥力。本研究表明，在配子体水平上，胚胎结构和过程中的干扰和坏死范围为确定植物对胁迫的耐受性提供了一套有用的特征，补充了植物个体发生过程中孢子体水平上的许多耐受性特征。
{"title":"Ovules, Female Gametophytes and Embryos are More Sensitive to Heavy Metal Pollution than Anthers and Pollen of Cardaminopsis Arenosa (L.) Hayek (Brassicaceae), A Member of Calamine Flora","authors":"Kwiatkowska Monika, I. Romana","doi":"10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive processes including male and female lines, embryo and endosperm development were studied in Cardaminopsis arenosa (syn. Arabidopsis arenosa ) growing on two metalliferous sites (Bukowno and Bolesław, S. Poland), rich in Zn, Pb, Cd and other metals. Disturbances of developmental processes and necroses observed in anthers and ovules influenced plant fertility and seed set of plants from both metal-polluted sites. In anthers, disturbances and necrosis during male meiosis and pollen development occurred at low frequency (4–5%). Pollen grain viability was very high, reaching over 90%. In ovules the frequency of abnormal meiosis, female gametophyte developmental disturbances and necrosis was high, 23.5–28% depending on site. The polluted envi- ronment also affected embryo and endosperm. Necrosis of whole generative structures decreased plant fertility. This study indicates that the range of disturbances and necroses in embryological structures and processes (at gametophyte level) gives a set of useful characters to determine plant tolerance to stress, complementary to many tolerance characters at the sporophyte level of plant ontogenesis.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69076346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jopčík, I. Matušíková, J. Moravčíková, J. Libantova
Current biotechnology research is focused on tissue-specific expression of genes of interest in plants. Promoters with specific spatial and temporal expression profiles in targeted organisms are in wide use for this. This study investigated whether the Arabidopsis thaliana seed- and pollen-specific promoter MXL maintains its specificity in transgenic tobacco plants. Histochemical analysis revealed that the MXL fusion promoter drives slightly different GUS expression in that heterologous organism. GUS staining was clearly detected in the bicellular stage of pollen development and later in germinating tobacco pollen grains. Unlike in A. thaliana, where the MXL promoter is active during the whole period of embryo development, in tobacco its activity was restricted to a short temporal and spatial window from late-heart to mid-torpedo stages, mainly in the apical part of the developing embryo. These results point to the need to test the expression profiles of heterologous promoters in targeted species before they are used in particular biotechnological programs.
{"title":"EXPRESSION PATTERN OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA POLLEN- AND EMBRYO-SPECIFIC PROMOTER IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS","authors":"M. Jopčík, I. Matušíková, J. Moravčíková, J. Libantova","doi":"10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Current biotechnology research is focused on tissue-specific expression of genes of interest in plants. Promoters with specific spatial and temporal expression profiles in targeted organisms are in wide use for this. This study investigated whether the Arabidopsis thaliana seed- and pollen-specific promoter MXL maintains its specificity in transgenic tobacco plants. Histochemical analysis revealed that the MXL fusion promoter drives slightly different GUS expression in that heterologous organism. GUS staining was clearly detected in the bicellular stage of pollen development and later in germinating tobacco pollen grains. Unlike in A. thaliana, where the MXL promoter is active during the whole period of embryo development, in tobacco its activity was restricted to a short temporal and spatial window from late-heart to mid-torpedo stages, mainly in the apical part of the developing embryo. These results point to the need to test the expression profiles of heterologous promoters in targeted species before they are used in particular biotechnological programs.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69075731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The content of four tanshinones was determined in different in vitro cultures of Salvia przewalskii . Accumulation of tanshinones depended on the type and age of tissue and could be altered by growth conditions. Differentiated tissues (in vitro cultured shoots, shoots and roots of plantlets regenerated in vitro) contained more diterpenoids than undifferentiated tissues (i.e., the four callus lines). Root was the most important organ for tanshinone accumulation. The highest levels were achieved in roots of 4-week-old plantlets (5.1–5.6 mg g -1 DW); the shoots used for root induction were maintained on multiplication medium for 2.5–4 years with regular subcultures every 4 weeks. .
测定了四种丹参酮在不同离体丹参酮培养物中的含量。丹参酮的积累与组织的类型和年龄有关，并受生长条件的影响。分化组织(离体培养芽、离体再生苗的芽和根)比未分化组织(即4个愈伤组织)含有更多的二萜类化合物。根是丹参酮积累最重要的器官。4周龄植株的根中含量最高(5.1 ~ 5.6 mg g -1 DW);用于诱导根的芽在增殖培养基上保持2.5-4年，每4周进行常规继代培养。
{"title":"Tanshinones in Culture of Salvia Przewalskii Maxim in Vitro","authors":"Ewa Skała, W. Mielicki, H. Wysokińska","doi":"10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The content of four tanshinones was determined in different in vitro cultures of Salvia przewalskii . Accumulation of tanshinones depended on the type and age of tissue and could be altered by growth conditions. Differentiated tissues (in vitro cultured shoots, shoots and roots of plantlets regenerated in vitro) contained more diterpenoids than undifferentiated tissues (i.e., the four callus lines). Root was the most important organ for tanshinone accumulation. The highest levels were achieved in roots of 4-week-old plantlets (5.1–5.6 mg g -1 DW); the shoots used for root induction were maintained on multiplication medium for 2.5–4 years with regular subcultures every 4 weeks. .","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69075889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and its members are used as medicinal herbs in traditional medicines worldwide. In this study we achieved plant regeneration in Verbascum sinuatum L. via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis by culture of mature embryos. Embryogenic and nonembryogenic calli were induced from mature embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (but not for 1.5 and 3 mg l -1 NAA). For multiplication of somatic embryoids and differentiation of shoot buds, yellow and friable embryonic calli were transferred to MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose, 0.5 mg l -1 charcoal and 0.1 or 1 mg l -1 2,4dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or to MS medium containing 60 g l -1 sucrose, 50 mg l -1 casein hydrolysate (CH), 0.5 mg l -1 kinetin (Kin), 5 mg l -1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l -1 charcoal. Shoot multiplication and plantlet regeneration were achieved by transferring shoot buds to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l -1 BA or Kin.
Verbascum L.属于玄参科，其成员在世界各地的传统药物中被用作草药。本研究通过器官发生和成熟胚体细胞胚的培养，实现了水草的植株再生。将成熟胚在添加不同浓度的苄腺嘌呤(BA)和α-萘乙酸(NAA)的Murashige和Skoog (MS)培养基上诱导出胚性和非胚性愈伤组织(1.5和3 mg l -1 NAA)。为了体细胞胚体的增殖和芽芽的分化，将黄色和易碎的胚胎愈伤组织转移到含有30 g/l蔗糖、0.5 mg l -1木炭和0.1或1 mg l -1 2,4二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4- d)的MS培养基上，或转移到含有60 g l -1蔗糖、50 mg l -1酪蛋白水解物(CH)、0.5 mg l -1动素(Kin)、5 mg l -1 2,4- d和0.5 mg l -1木炭的MS培养基上。将芽转移到添加了1 mg l -1 BA或Kin的MS培养基上，实现了芽的增殖和植株再生。
{"title":"PLANT REGENERATION VIA ORGANOGENESIS AND SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN VERBASCUM SINUATUM L.","authors":"R. Karamian, F. Ghasemlou","doi":"10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0010","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and its members are used as medicinal herbs in traditional medicines worldwide. In this study we achieved plant regeneration in Verbascum sinuatum L. via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis by culture of mature embryos. Embryogenic and nonembryogenic calli were induced from mature embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (but not for 1.5 and 3 mg l -1 NAA). For multiplication of somatic embryoids and differentiation of shoot buds, yellow and friable embryonic calli were transferred to MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose, 0.5 mg l -1 charcoal and 0.1 or 1 mg l -1 2,4dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or to MS medium containing 60 g l -1 sucrose, 50 mg l -1 casein hydrolysate (CH), 0.5 mg l -1 kinetin (Kin), 5 mg l -1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l -1 charcoal. Shoot multiplication and plantlet regeneration were achieved by transferring shoot buds to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l -1 BA or Kin.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69075744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A chlorophyll fluorescence technique enabled early detection of disturbances in the activity of the photosynthet- ic apparatus under Phoma lingam infection. The photosynthetic apparatus of leaves and cotyledons exhibited a negative response to P. lingam inoculation. The effect disappeared more rapidly in leaves, which were not inoc- ulated directly, than in cotyledons, which were inoculated directly. Photosynthetic apparatus disturbances were detected in cotyledons and leaves as early as 24 h after inoculation. Photosynthetic apparatus activity can be affected by the level of hydrogen peroxide, which in cotyledons probably was an element of the hypersensitive response and in leaves could induce an increase in pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase.
{"title":"Early detection of Phoma lingam infection in oilseed winter rape Before visible symptoms appear","authors":"K. Hura, T. Hura, M. Grzesiak, M. Rapacz","doi":"10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0008","url":null,"abstract":"A chlorophyll fluorescence technique enabled early detection of disturbances in the activity of the photosynthet- ic apparatus under Phoma lingam infection. The photosynthetic apparatus of leaves and cotyledons exhibited a negative response to P. lingam inoculation. The effect disappeared more rapidly in leaves, which were not inoc- ulated directly, than in cotyledons, which were inoculated directly. Photosynthetic apparatus disturbances were detected in cotyledons and leaves as early as 24 h after inoculation. Photosynthetic apparatus activity can be affected by the level of hydrogen peroxide, which in cotyledons probably was an element of the hypersensitive response and in leaves could induce an increase in pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase.","PeriodicalId":45465,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/ABCSB-2014-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69075680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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