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The trust deficit in England: emerging research evidence about school leaders and the pandemic 英格兰的信任赤字:关于学校领导和流行病的新研究证据
IF 1.8 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2021.1975366
P. Thomson, T. Greany, Nicholas Martindale
England has been living with COVID-19, through peaks and troughs since March 2020. Policymakers see schools as integral to economic and social maintenance and recovery and have thus placed a high priority on education as a stable provision operating throughout a very long period of considerable uncertainty and instability. Because of rapidly changing levels of infection and scientific understandings of transmission and prevention measures, the government has adjusted, often at the last minute, the legal requirements around the opening and closing of schools in line with the various levels of lockdown. School leaders have been faced with challenges unimaginable prior to the pandemic. Because schools are a major site for virus transmission, leaders have had to pay particular attention to the management of staff, pupils and buildings. Working together with the two leader associations, the authors designed and conducted a national survey to assess the impact of the pandemic on leaders' well-being and career plans. While the authors have not yet completed interviewing a sample of those intending to leave and those intending to stay, it is abundantly clear that the government has some way to go to win back the school leaders on whom they depend.
自2020年3月以来,英格兰一直与COVID-19共存,经历了高峰和低谷。政策制定者将学校视为经济和社会维持和恢复的组成部分,因此高度重视教育,将其作为在相当不确定和不稳定的很长时期内运行的稳定供应。由于感染水平的迅速变化以及对传播和预防措施的科学理解,政府经常在最后一刻根据不同程度的封锁调整了有关学校开放和关闭的法律要求。学校领导面临着疫情前难以想象的挑战。由于学校是病毒传播的主要场所,领导人不得不特别注意对教职员工、学生和建筑物的管理。作者与两个领导人协会合作,设计并开展了一项全国调查,以评估疫情对领导人福祉和职业规划的影响。虽然作者还没有完成对那些打算离开和打算留下的人的抽样采访,但很明显,要赢回他们所依赖的学校领导,政府还有一段路要走。
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引用次数: 13
Neoliberalism and education systems in conflict 新自由主义和教育体系的冲突
IF 1.8 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2021.1975663
Izhar Oplatka
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引用次数: 0
Necessary risk: addressing precarity by re-envisioning teaching and learning 必要的风险:通过重新设想教学和学习来解决不稳定性问题
IF 1.8 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2021.1960288
Jeanne M. Powers, Lok-Sze Wong
ABSTRACT In Arizona, the expansion and elaboration of neoliberal educational policies over the past three decades in Arizona have placed public schools and the teaching profession in precarious positions. These challenges have been compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. Within this turbulent context, a school district in partnership with a college of education created and implemented a demonstration school aimed at re-envisioning how students learn and how teachers work. We analyse how district leaders responded to competing interests and pressures from the political environment and constituents as they designed, implemented, and expand this reform. We conclude by assessing how the features of the demonstration school, Arizona’s public schooling environment, and the uncertainties introduced by the pandemic provide affordances and challenges for the reform’s likelihood of survival.
在亚利桑那州,过去三十年来新自由主义教育政策的扩张和细化使公立学校和教师职业处于不稳定的地位。COVID-19大流行加剧了这些挑战。在这种动荡的背景下,一个学区与一所教育学院合作创建并实施了一所示范学校,旨在重新设想学生如何学习和教师如何工作。我们分析了地区领导人在设计、实施和扩大这项改革时如何应对来自政治环境和选民的竞争利益和压力。最后,我们评估了示范学校的特点、亚利桑那州的公立学校环境以及疫情带来的不确定性如何为改革的生存可能性提供支持和挑战。
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引用次数: 1
School leaders’ perspectives towards leading during crisis through an ecological lens: a comparison of five Arab countries 从生态学的角度看学校领导在危机中的领导作用:五个阿拉伯国家的比较
IF 1.8 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2021.1957793
K. Arar, Rania Sawalhi, Youmen Chaaban, A. Zohri, I. Alhouti
ABSTRACT This qualitative study compared school leaders’ perspectives towards their leadership practices in times of emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of twenty-seven school leaders from public and private schools across five Arab countries (Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, and Qatar) participated in the study. Following Turbulence Theory and an ecological framework, the study adopted in-depth semi-structured interviews to respond to the following queries: (1) What were the major actions taken by school leaders during the crisis? (2) What were the resemblances and disparities between school leaders’ practices across the five countries? Findings of the study revealed different levels of turbulence among school leaders within the same country and across the five countries. In addition, participants revealed valuable insight pertaining to changed leadership and educational practices in their schools in a post-COVID era. Further conclusions and implications are fully discussed.
本定性研究比较了学校领导在COVID-19大流行造成的紧急情况下对其领导实践的看法。共有来自五个阿拉伯国家(科威特、黎巴嫩、摩洛哥、巴勒斯坦和卡塔尔)的27名公立和私立学校的校长参与了这项研究。根据动荡理论和生态框架,本研究采用深度半结构化访谈来回答以下问题:(1)危机期间学校领导采取的主要行动是什么?(2)五国学校领导的做法有哪些相似之处和差异?研究结果显示,同一国家和五国的学校领导之间存在不同程度的动荡。此外,与会者还就后疫情时代学校领导力和教育实践的变化提供了宝贵见解。进一步的结论和影响进行了充分的讨论。
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引用次数: 11
Independent and state school partnerships (ISSPs) in England: systemic tensions and contemporary policy resolutions 英国的独立与公立学校合作关系:体制紧张与当代政策决议
IF 1.8 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2021.1960287
Margaret Hunnaball, Jane Jones, M. Maguire
ABSTRACT English education has a long-standing parallel but unequal school system. State-maintained schools are free of charge for attendees; independent schools are free from state control and funded largely by fees. Most independent schools hold charitable status which benefits them in relation to taxation although they cater largely for socially advantaged students. Various governments have enacted different policies to try to rebalance some of these systemic educational tensions. This paper examines how the independent and state school partnerships (ISSP) policy seeks to rebalance, or provide some compensation for, independent schools' charitable status through the requirement that they provide ‘public benefit’. In ISSPs, schools from the two sectors work together on dedicated activities, sharing resources and expertise. Drawing on data from three telling cases, we argue that ISSP policy may deliver some localised benefits to both types of schools but that these relationships are unlikely to produce any major structural changes.
英语教育长期以来存在着平行但不平等的学制。公立学校对学员免费;私立学校不受国家控制,资金主要来自学费。大多数私立学校具有慈善性质,这使它们在税收方面受益,尽管它们主要是为社会条件优越的学生提供服务。各国政府制定了不同的政策,试图重新平衡这些系统性的教育紧张关系。本文考察了私立和公立学校合作(ISSP)政策如何通过要求私立学校提供“公共利益”来寻求重新平衡或为私立学校的慈善地位提供一些补偿。在issp中,来自两个部门的学校共同开展专门的活动,共享资源和专业知识。根据三个有说服力的案例的数据,我们认为ISSP政策可能会给两种类型的学校带来一些局部的好处,但这些关系不太可能产生任何重大的结构性变化。
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引用次数: 0
NGO Involvement in education policy implementation: exploring policymakers’ voices 非政府组织参与教育政策实施:探索政策制定者的声音
IF 1.8 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2021.1957792
Yarden Gali, Chen Schechter
ABSTRACT Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are becoming increasingly important participants in educational programmes and implementing education policy. This study explores governmental policymakers’ perceptions and reactions to NGO involvement in the implementation of education policy. We applied a qualitative research method, conducting in-depth interviews with ten senior policymakers in Israel's Ministry of Education. We utilised an inductive process of condensing, encoding, categorising, and theorising to analyze the data. Our findings yielded three major themes: (a) intersectoral partnership policies in education and mechanisms for their implementation, (b) budgeting and engagement policies that reexamine mutual responsibility models in education, and (c) the benefits of the intersectoral partnership in advancing education goals. This study expands the knowledge of policymakers’ attempts to lead change, from methods and strategies of centralised and bureaucratic governance through community networks that constitute an intermediate path to realising social and educational goals in the age of privatisation and commercialisation in education.
非政府组织在教育项目和执行教育政策方面日益成为重要的参与者。本研究探讨了政府决策者对非政府组织参与教育政策实施的看法和反应。我们采用了定性研究方法,对以色列教育部的10位高级政策制定者进行了深度访谈。我们使用了浓缩、编码、分类和理论化的归纳过程来分析数据。我们的研究结果产生了三个主要主题:(a)教育部门间伙伴关系政策及其实施机制,(b)重新审视教育相互责任模式的预算和参与政策,以及(c)部门间伙伴关系在推进教育目标方面的好处。本研究扩展了决策者试图领导变革的知识,从中央集权和官僚治理的方法和策略到社区网络,构成了在教育私有化和商业化时代实现社会和教育目标的中间路径。
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引用次数: 1
Creative industries curriculum design for living and leading amid uncertainty 创意产业课程设计的生活和领导的不确定性
IF 1.8 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2021.1928613
G. Crimmins, B. Lipton, J. McIntyre, M. J. de Villiers Scheepers, P. English
ABSTRACT Government policies are forcing universities to narrowly emphasise employability, which does not bode well for the Creative Industries (CI). Despite being one of the fastest-growing and diverse employment sectors, CI degrees have been criticised for failing to deliver adequate employment prospects. The employability focus, which serves ‘the [economic] system’ [Habermas, Jürgen. 1987. The Theory of Communicative Action. Volume 2 Lifeworld and Ssystem: The Ccritique of Functionalist reason, Translated by T McCarthy. Cambridge: Polity Press], ignores both the employment precarity in the sector and diminishes universities’ capacity to serve the lifeworld (Harbernas) to facilitate graduate citizenship. Dichotomising employability and citizenship fail to consider the supercomplexity of the twenty-first Century [Barnett, Ronald. 2000a. Realizing the University in an Age of Supercomplexity. Buckingham: Open University Press], constituted by the co-existence of a multiplicity of epistemological frameworks. In this paper, we draw on supercomplexity and the concept of the system and lifeworld to investigate how to develop CI curricula that foster employability and citizenship. Using an illustrative case, we demonstrate how CI curricula can be designed to support students to navigate multiple ideological geographies, facilitate employability, and contribute to civic society.
政府政策正迫使大学狭隘地强调就业能力,这对创意产业(CI)来说并不是一个好兆头。尽管CI学位是增长最快、多样化的就业领域之一,但它却因未能提供充足的就业前景而受到批评。就业能力的焦点,服务于“(经济)体系”[哈贝马斯,j rgen。1987. 交际行为理论。第二卷生活世界与系统:对功能主义理性的批判,T·麦卡锡译。剑桥:政治出版社],既忽视了该领域就业的不稳定性,又削弱了大学为生活世界服务的能力(Harbernas),以促进毕业生的公民身份。就业能力和公民身份的二分法没有考虑到21世纪的超级复杂性[Barnett, Ronald. 2000]。在超级复杂时代实现大学。白金汉:开放大学出版社],由多种认识论框架的共存构成。在本文中,我们利用超复杂性以及系统和生活世界的概念来研究如何开发促进就业能力和公民意识的CI课程。通过一个说明性案例,我们展示了如何设计CI课程来支持学生驾驭多种意识形态地理,促进就业,并为公民社会做出贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation for equity: reclaiming evaluation by striving towards counter-hegemonic democratic practices 公平评价:通过反霸权的民主实践争取评价
IF 1.8 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2021.1931059
Rhyall Gordon, Matt Lumb, Matthew Bunn, P. Burke
ABSTRACT Formal evaluation of policies, programmes and people has become ubiquitous in contemporary western contexts. This is the case for equity and widening participation (WP) agendas in higher education, for which evaluation is often required to measure ‘what works’. Although evaluation has a ‘fundamentally social, political, and value-oriented character’ (Guba and Lincoln. 1989. Fourth Generation Evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 7), an experimental approach, situated within hegemonic positivist epistemologies, has tended to prevail. In this paper, we argue that it is misguided to pursue evaluation with an apolitical pretext of independence and objectivity. Drawing on Butler’s concept of performativity, we explore how hegemonic anti-democratic evaluation practices can potentially re-inscribe and reproduce the very inequalities that WP seeks to address. By critiquing the technologies of evaluation, we lay out one way of understanding how democratic evaluation practices can reclaim evaluation to make possible more diverse and socially just worlds.
在当代西方语境中,对政策、项目和人员的正式评估已经变得无处不在。高等教育中的公平和扩大参与(WP)议程就是这种情况,通常需要评估来衡量“什么是有效的”。尽管评价具有“基本的社会、政治和价值导向特征”(Guba and Lincoln, 1989)。第四代评估。Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 7),一种实验方法,位于霸权实证主义认识论中,已经趋于占上风。在本文中,我们认为以独立和客观的非政治借口来追求评估是错误的。借鉴巴特勒的表演性概念,我们探讨了霸权的反民主评估实践如何可能重新刻下和再现《工作纲领》试图解决的不平等问题。通过对评估技术的批判,我们提出了一种理解民主评估实践如何能够使评估成为可能,从而使世界更加多样化和社会公正。
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引用次数: 1
Punk rock’s messages for the neoliberal university 朋克摇滚对新自由主义大学的启示
IF 1.8 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2021.1925229
N. Romero
ABSTRACT This article theorises punk rock’s messages for the neoliberal university by exploring the contrasting approaches punk culture and higher education have taken to the influence of neoliberal discourse and ideology. Punk culture’s foundational opposition to mainstream culture often enables it to function as an educative context in which participants formulate critiques of exploitative socioeconomic conditions. Although universities are contested spaces which are at-times receptive to grassroots and student-led activism, they face increasing pressure to prioritise economic development and generate revenue. The rise of the neoliberal university has, in some ways, enabled punk culture to assume the academy’s responsibility as the critic and conscience of society. Should universities insist upon a role in the construction of ethical futures, they would do well look to certain corners of the punk underground which prioritise community-responsiveness, reflexivity, and solidarity with marginalised communities.
本文通过探讨朋克文化和高等教育对新自由主义话语和意识形态的影响所采取的不同方式,对朋克摇滚对新自由主义大学的启示进行了理论化。朋克文化从根本上反对主流文化,这往往使其成为一种教育背景,在这种背景下,参与者可以对剥削性的社会经济状况提出批评。虽然大学是有争议的空间,有时会接受基层和学生领导的激进主义,但它们面临着越来越大的压力,需要优先考虑经济发展和创造收入。在某种程度上,新自由主义大学的兴起使得朋克文化能够承担起学院作为社会批评家和良知的责任。如果大学坚持要在道德未来的建设中发挥作用,他们应该好好看看地下朋克的某些角落,这些角落优先考虑社区响应、反思和与边缘化社区的团结。
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引用次数: 5
Repositioned professionals and heterodox: a response to the precarity of reform in further education 重新定位专业人士和异端:对继续教育改革不稳定的回应
IF 1.8 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2021.1919066
Lewis Entwistle
ABSTRACT The precarity of professionals working in schools and colleges at a time of change has been strongly accented by the competitive markets that currently characterise education and the influence of its global reforms. In this article, I draw on empirical data from a project located in a sixth-form college to argue that the field of Further Education is being restructured such that professionalism is hollowed out whilst accountability measures undermine leaders’ authority and enable a low-trust culture. I use Bourdieu’s thinking tools to conceptualise the data, including a rich conceptualisation of this site as a ‘field’ and of practices within it as part of the ‘game in play’. I generate four metaphorical lenses through which a perception of heterodoxy is used to clarify alternative positions that are simultaneously adopted by players and from which a response to the changing field of education reform can be offered.
在变化的时代,在学校和大学工作的专业人员的不稳定性已经被当前教育的竞争市场和其全球改革的影响所强烈强调。在这篇文章中,我借鉴了一个位于六年级大学的项目的经验数据,认为继续教育领域正在进行重组,以至于专业精神被掏空,而问责措施破坏了领导者的权威,形成了一种低信任的文化。我使用布迪厄的思维工具对数据进行概念化,包括将这个网站作为一个“领域”的丰富概念化,以及将其中的实践作为“正在进行的游戏”的一部分。我产生了四个隐喻镜头,通过这些镜头,异端的感知被用来澄清参与者同时采用的替代立场,并从中提供对不断变化的教育改革领域的回应。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Educational Administration and History
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