Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.1177/1087724X211014655
R. Little
In an essay almost 30 years ago, Professor Dick Netzer of NYU asked the question “Do We Really Need a National Infrastructure Policy?” and came to the conclusion that we did not. As the Biden Administration prepares to roll out a multi-trillion dollar infrastructure package, the nation is faced with numerous questions regarding the infrastructure systems necessary to support continued economic growth and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this essay is to look to recent history for guidance for how to proceed by revisiting the underlying premises of the Netzer essay and reconsider whether a National Infrastructure Policy is needed. Because linking infrastructure to broader public policy objectives could both unite the nation and position it to address the many challenges that the 21st century will present, I believe the idea of a National Infrastructure Policy definitely deserves a second look.
{"title":"What’s Next for a National Infrastructure Policy: An Encore or a Requiem?","authors":"R. Little","doi":"10.1177/1087724X211014655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X211014655","url":null,"abstract":"In an essay almost 30 years ago, Professor Dick Netzer of NYU asked the question “Do We Really Need a National Infrastructure Policy?” and came to the conclusion that we did not. As the Biden Administration prepares to roll out a multi-trillion dollar infrastructure package, the nation is faced with numerous questions regarding the infrastructure systems necessary to support continued economic growth and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this essay is to look to recent history for guidance for how to proceed by revisiting the underlying premises of the Netzer essay and reconsider whether a National Infrastructure Policy is needed. Because linking infrastructure to broader public policy objectives could both unite the nation and position it to address the many challenges that the 21st century will present, I believe the idea of a National Infrastructure Policy definitely deserves a second look.","PeriodicalId":45483,"journal":{"name":"Public Works Management & Policy","volume":"26 1","pages":"193 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1087724X211014655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43323339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-02DOI: 10.1177/1087724X211003249
Michelle R. Oswald Beiler, Evan Filion
This research explores Amtrak trespass incident data from 2011 to 2019 using a GIS spatiotemporal process. The objective is to evaluate incident characteristics based on space, time, incident factors, and statistical significance. Incidents were first analyzed at the megaregional level, revealing Northern and Southern California as the highest trespassing risk in the country, followed by the Northeast and Great Lakes megaregions. A new standardized point density approach was applied to reveal incident clusters representing high-risk localities. Then, the optimized and emerging hot spot methods were applied to the top four megaregions. The results showed four Amtrak corridors as hot spots, including three along coastal California railways and the Philadelphia region. Trends for incident report factors were analyzed (e.g., pre-crash activity, time of day, location of impact). “Walking” prior to impact, occurrence in the “afternoon,” and crash location “on the tracks” were found to be the most prominent incident characteristics for those factors.
{"title":"Amtrak Rail Trespasser Analysis using a GIS Space-Time Approach","authors":"Michelle R. Oswald Beiler, Evan Filion","doi":"10.1177/1087724X211003249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X211003249","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores Amtrak trespass incident data from 2011 to 2019 using a GIS spatiotemporal process. The objective is to evaluate incident characteristics based on space, time, incident factors, and statistical significance. Incidents were first analyzed at the megaregional level, revealing Northern and Southern California as the highest trespassing risk in the country, followed by the Northeast and Great Lakes megaregions. A new standardized point density approach was applied to reveal incident clusters representing high-risk localities. Then, the optimized and emerging hot spot methods were applied to the top four megaregions. The results showed four Amtrak corridors as hot spots, including three along coastal California railways and the Philadelphia region. Trends for incident report factors were analyzed (e.g., pre-crash activity, time of day, location of impact). “Walking” prior to impact, occurrence in the “afternoon,” and crash location “on the tracks” were found to be the most prominent incident characteristics for those factors.","PeriodicalId":45483,"journal":{"name":"Public Works Management & Policy","volume":"26 1","pages":"310 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1087724X211003249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47206364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.1177/1087724X211003099
R. Sroka
This article examines the Canada Line rapid rail transit project in Vancouver, British Columbia, a decade after its completion and the 2010 Winter Olympic Games for which it was accelerated. The case resides at the intersection of two project classes with well-documented patterns of underperformance: transit mega-projects and sporting mega-events. Beyond connecting a number of Vancouver 2010 venues, the Canada Line is notable for its use of a public-private partnership procurement (PPP) model, as well as the significant real estate development seen nearby. In particular, the article focuses on outcomes classified under three headings: procurement model, community impact, and land use impact. Prior to providing avenues for future research, this article finds that while the PPP model avoided substantial cost overrun risks, the lucrative operational concession was where the growth coalition pushing the project was able to make it sufficiently attractive for private partners, while externalizing cost on third-parties.
{"title":"Mega-Events and Rapid Transit: Evaluating the Canada Line 10 Years After Vancouver 2010","authors":"R. Sroka","doi":"10.1177/1087724X211003099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X211003099","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Canada Line rapid rail transit project in Vancouver, British Columbia, a decade after its completion and the 2010 Winter Olympic Games for which it was accelerated. The case resides at the intersection of two project classes with well-documented patterns of underperformance: transit mega-projects and sporting mega-events. Beyond connecting a number of Vancouver 2010 venues, the Canada Line is notable for its use of a public-private partnership procurement (PPP) model, as well as the significant real estate development seen nearby. In particular, the article focuses on outcomes classified under three headings: procurement model, community impact, and land use impact. Prior to providing avenues for future research, this article finds that while the PPP model avoided substantial cost overrun risks, the lucrative operational concession was where the growth coalition pushing the project was able to make it sufficiently attractive for private partners, while externalizing cost on third-parties.","PeriodicalId":45483,"journal":{"name":"Public Works Management & Policy","volume":"26 1","pages":"220 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1087724X211003099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41327858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.1177/1087724X21990034
Rasha A Waheeb, B. Andersen
This study examines the causes of time delays and cost overruns in a selection of thirty post-disaster reconstruction projects in Iraq. Although delay factors have been studied in many countries and contexts, little data exists from countries under the conditions characterizing Iraq during the last 10-15 years. A case study approach was used, with thirty construction projects of different types and sizes selected from the Baghdad region. Project data was gathered from a survey which was used to build statistical relationships between time and cost delay ratios and delay factors in post disaster projects. The most important delay factors identified were contractor failure, redesigning of designs/plans and change orders, security issues, selection of low-price bids, weather factors, and owner failures. Some of these are in line with findings from similar studies in other countries and regions, but some are unique to the Iraqi project sample, such as security issues and low-price bid selection. While many studies have examined factors causing delays and cost overruns, this study offers unique insights into factors that need to be considered when implementing projects for post disaster emergency reconstruction in areas impacted by wars and terrorism.
{"title":"Causes of Problems in Post-Disaster Emergency Re-Construction Projects—Iraq as a Case Study","authors":"Rasha A Waheeb, B. Andersen","doi":"10.1177/1087724X21990034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X21990034","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the causes of time delays and cost overruns in a selection of thirty post-disaster reconstruction projects in Iraq. Although delay factors have been studied in many countries and contexts, little data exists from countries under the conditions characterizing Iraq during the last 10-15 years. A case study approach was used, with thirty construction projects of different types and sizes selected from the Baghdad region. Project data was gathered from a survey which was used to build statistical relationships between time and cost delay ratios and delay factors in post disaster projects. The most important delay factors identified were contractor failure, redesigning of designs/plans and change orders, security issues, selection of low-price bids, weather factors, and owner failures. Some of these are in line with findings from similar studies in other countries and regions, but some are unique to the Iraqi project sample, such as security issues and low-price bid selection. While many studies have examined factors causing delays and cost overruns, this study offers unique insights into factors that need to be considered when implementing projects for post disaster emergency reconstruction in areas impacted by wars and terrorism.","PeriodicalId":45483,"journal":{"name":"Public Works Management & Policy","volume":"27 1","pages":"61 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1087724X21990034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41832674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1087724X20969159
T. Katko, J. Hukka
This paper aims at shedding light on the significance of water epidemics and their potential positive impacts on improving preparedness in water and sanitation services. We explore the water epidemic of Nokia in 2007 and preparedness-related reactions since then. The corona case confirms the fundamental role of clean water for well-being in communities, the need for sound management of water services to proactively promote public health, as well as the need for expanding conventional water and environmental engineering education and research to offer more holistic views.
{"title":"Crisis and Water Services: How a 2007 Public Health Emergency in Finland Helped Shape Its Response to COVID-19","authors":"T. Katko, J. Hukka","doi":"10.1177/1087724X20969159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X20969159","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at shedding light on the significance of water epidemics and their potential positive impacts on improving preparedness in water and sanitation services. We explore the water epidemic of Nokia in 2007 and preparedness-related reactions since then. The corona case confirms the fundamental role of clean water for well-being in communities, the need for sound management of water services to proactively promote public health, as well as the need for expanding conventional water and environmental engineering education and research to offer more holistic views.","PeriodicalId":45483,"journal":{"name":"Public Works Management & Policy","volume":"26 1","pages":"63 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1087724X20969159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46100138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.1177/1087724X20981585
Camilo Benitez-Avila, A. Hartmann, G. Dewulf
Process management literature is skeptical about creating legitimacy and a sense of partnership when implementing concessional Public-Private Partnerships. Within such organizational arrangements, managerial interaction often resembles zero-sum games. To explore the possibility to (re)create a sense of partnership in concessional PPPs, we developed the “3P challenge” serious game. Two gaming sessions with a mixed group of practitioners and a team of public project managers showed that the game cycle recreates adversarial situations where players can enact contractual obligations with higher or lower levels of subjectivity. When reflecting on the gaming experience, practitioners point out that PPP contracts can be creatively enacted by managers who act as brokers of diverse interests. While becoming aware of each other stakes they can blend contractual dispositions or place brackets around some contractual clauses for reaching agreement. By doing so, they can (re)create a sense of partnership, clarity, and fairness of the PPP contract.
{"title":"The 3P Challenge: A Serious Game for Reflecting on Partnership in Public-Private Concessions","authors":"Camilo Benitez-Avila, A. Hartmann, G. Dewulf","doi":"10.1177/1087724X20981585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X20981585","url":null,"abstract":"Process management literature is skeptical about creating legitimacy and a sense of partnership when implementing concessional Public-Private Partnerships. Within such organizational arrangements, managerial interaction often resembles zero-sum games. To explore the possibility to (re)create a sense of partnership in concessional PPPs, we developed the “3P challenge” serious game. Two gaming sessions with a mixed group of practitioners and a team of public project managers showed that the game cycle recreates adversarial situations where players can enact contractual obligations with higher or lower levels of subjectivity. When reflecting on the gaming experience, practitioners point out that PPP contracts can be creatively enacted by managers who act as brokers of diverse interests. While becoming aware of each other stakes they can blend contractual dispositions or place brackets around some contractual clauses for reaching agreement. By doing so, they can (re)create a sense of partnership, clarity, and fairness of the PPP contract.","PeriodicalId":45483,"journal":{"name":"Public Works Management & Policy","volume":"27 1","pages":"29 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1087724X20981585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44370657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1177/1087724X20973045
David P. Weinreich, A. Bonakdar
This study examines how the voluntary nature of local membership in transportation agencies can impact resource allocation, drawing on details from a major US transit agency in a state that lets cities opt in or out of transit agency membership. This study finds significant correlation between local opt-outs and transit service using national data. This study examines the impact opt-outs have on transit resource allocation and decision making over time, their effect on transit service over decades, and equity implications, using historical case study analysis from the Dallas Area Rapid Transit system (DART). This study concludes that authorizing legislation allowing local jurisdictions to opt out of transit districts weakens planning capacity, creates a structure making it difficult to allocate scarce transit dollars based on transit need and social equity goals, instead favoring allocation based on satisfying each municipality.
{"title":"Opting Out of Transit: How Does Strong Local Autonomy Impact Allocation of Transit Service in a Multi-Jurisdictional Transit Agency? A Historical Case Study Analysis","authors":"David P. Weinreich, A. Bonakdar","doi":"10.1177/1087724X20973045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X20973045","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how the voluntary nature of local membership in transportation agencies can impact resource allocation, drawing on details from a major US transit agency in a state that lets cities opt in or out of transit agency membership. This study finds significant correlation between local opt-outs and transit service using national data. This study examines the impact opt-outs have on transit resource allocation and decision making over time, their effect on transit service over decades, and equity implications, using historical case study analysis from the Dallas Area Rapid Transit system (DART). This study concludes that authorizing legislation allowing local jurisdictions to opt out of transit districts weakens planning capacity, creates a structure making it difficult to allocate scarce transit dollars based on transit need and social equity goals, instead favoring allocation based on satisfying each municipality.","PeriodicalId":45483,"journal":{"name":"Public Works Management & Policy","volume":"26 1","pages":"283 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1087724X20973045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42138041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.1177/1087724x20969181
Joseph Kane, Adie Tomer
The United States requires an enormous class of workers to keep essential services online. The Department of Homeland Security uses a sweeping definition of such essential industries from grocery stores to hospitals to warehouses, which collectively employed 90 million workers prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. A portion of these essential workers—or “frontline” workers—must physically show up to their jobs and have been especially vulnerable to additional health and economic risks, including many employed in infrastructure-related activities. This analysis—based on Brookings Institution posts written in March and June 2020—defines the country’s essential workforce and explores their economic and demographic characteristics in greater depth, revealing a need for continued protections and investments as part of the COVID-19 recovery.
{"title":"Valuing Human Infrastructure: Protecting and Investing in Essential Workers during the COVID-19 Era","authors":"Joseph Kane, Adie Tomer","doi":"10.1177/1087724x20969181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724x20969181","url":null,"abstract":"The United States requires an enormous class of workers to keep essential services online. The Department of Homeland Security uses a sweeping definition of such essential industries from grocery stores to hospitals to warehouses, which collectively employed 90 million workers prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. A portion of these essential workers—or “frontline” workers—must physically show up to their jobs and have been especially vulnerable to additional health and economic risks, including many employed in infrastructure-related activities. This analysis—based on Brookings Institution posts written in March and June 2020—defines the country’s essential workforce and explores their economic and demographic characteristics in greater depth, revealing a need for continued protections and investments as part of the COVID-19 recovery.","PeriodicalId":45483,"journal":{"name":"Public Works Management & Policy","volume":"37 9","pages":"34 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1087724x20969181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41293833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.1177/1087724x20969163
Robert A. Miller, Nolan Klouda, J. Fisk
The COVID pandemic has forced governments to reimagine their revenue sources and spending priorities as well as how they balance meeting increasing public health demands with other pressing challenges. As the challenges to local economies have grown, policymakers at all levels of government have debated how best to restore confidence in the economy while mitigating the pandemic’s economic fallout. One such example is the Federal Government’s CARES legislation, which covers expenses related to COVID mitigation and response for state and local governments. This short commentary examines the experiences of Anchorage, Alaska and Reno, Nevada and offers a ‘lessons learned’ on how best to stimulate growth while protecting citizens’ health.
{"title":"Concrete Evidence: Infrastructure Challenges and the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Robert A. Miller, Nolan Klouda, J. Fisk","doi":"10.1177/1087724x20969163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724x20969163","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID pandemic has forced governments to reimagine their revenue sources and spending priorities as well as how they balance meeting increasing public health demands with other pressing challenges. As the challenges to local economies have grown, policymakers at all levels of government have debated how best to restore confidence in the economy while mitigating the pandemic’s economic fallout. One such example is the Federal Government’s CARES legislation, which covers expenses related to COVID mitigation and response for state and local governments. This short commentary examines the experiences of Anchorage, Alaska and Reno, Nevada and offers a ‘lessons learned’ on how best to stimulate growth while protecting citizens’ health.","PeriodicalId":45483,"journal":{"name":"Public Works Management & Policy","volume":"26 1","pages":"19 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1087724x20969163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47828288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：