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Productive European cooperation between Britain and Germany: the Swansea-Mannheim town twinning partnership and exchanges between Wales and Baden-Württemberg, 1950-2000 英国和德国之间富有成效的欧洲合作:斯旺西-曼海姆镇的结对伙伴关系和威尔士和巴登-符腾堡州之间的交流,1950-2000
IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2022.2064282
Simon John
ABSTRACT This article investigates the town twinning partnership between Swansea (South Wales) and Mannheim (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) from its inception in the 1950s to the end of the twentieth century. Its findings contribute to scholarship on post-1945 European town twinning, a subject that has not received the attention it deserves, especially from academics working in Britain. The article’s arguments also complicate wider debates surrounding post-war popular relations between Britain and Germany, which have often been cast in existing work as ambivalent or outright hostile. The article adopts a regional approach—emphasising interactions between Wales and Baden-Württemberg rather than at the national level—to offer a new perspective on international relations between Britain and Germany, showing that inhabitants of Swansea and Mannheim forged warm friendships and made efforts to understand each other. The article also highlights the limitations of purely Anglocentric approaches to modern British history, drawing from interactions carried out under the aegis of the Swansea-Mannheim partnership to trace ways in which Welsh identity and the Welsh language shaped external perceptions of the British.
本文研究了斯旺西(南威尔士)和曼海姆(德国巴登-符腾堡州)从20世纪50年代开始到20世纪末的城市伙伴关系。它的发现有助于研究1945年后欧洲城镇结对的学术研究,这是一个没有得到应有关注的主题,尤其是在英国工作的学者。这篇文章的观点也使围绕战后英德关系的更广泛的争论复杂化,在现有的工作中,英德关系经常被描绘成矛盾或完全敌对的关系。这篇文章采用了一种地区性的方法——强调威尔士和巴登-符腾堡州之间的互动,而不是在国家层面上——为英国和德国之间的国际关系提供了一个新的视角,表明斯旺西和曼海姆的居民建立了温暖的友谊,并努力相互理解。这篇文章还强调了纯粹以英语为中心的方法研究现代英国历史的局限性,通过在斯旺西-曼海姆合作伙伴关系的支持下进行的互动来追溯威尔士身份和威尔士语言如何塑造了外部对英国人的看法。
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引用次数: 2
Whip in my valise: British punk and the Marquis de Sade, c. 1975–85 旅行箱里的鞭子:英国朋克与萨德侯爵,约1975-85年
IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2022.2051487
M. Worley
ABSTRACT British punk emerged in tandem with the formation of Sex Pistols, a band framed by a style and an aesthetic constructed, in part, by Malcolm McLaren and Vivienne Westwood via their London shop SEX (1974–76). The shop displayed fetishwear and accoutrements designed to fuse youth and sexual subcultures, deploying sex as a cultural weapon to provoke and confront. This article examines the Sadean influences that found expression through punk, suggesting that the Marquis de Sade had a seminal if diffused impact on the punk-informed cultures that evolved through the 1970s into the 1980s. Though often indirect—and bound to broader interpretations of sexual behaviour—the actions, aesthetics and ideas associated with the ‘Divine Marquis’ seemingly tallied with the mood of a country caught in a period of socio-economic and political change.
英国朋克与性手枪的形成同时出现,这支乐队的风格和美学在一定程度上是由马尔科姆·麦克拉伦和薇薇安·韦斯特伍德通过他们在伦敦的商店Sex(1974-76)构建的。这家商店展示的恋物癖和服饰旨在融合年轻人和性亚文化,把性作为一种挑衅和对抗的文化武器。本文考察了萨迪安对朋克的影响,认为萨迪安侯爵对20世纪70年代到80年代的朋克文化产生了深远的影响。尽管通常是间接的,并且与对性行为的更广泛的解释有关,但与“神圣侯爵”有关的行为、美学和思想似乎与一个处于社会经济和政治变革时期的国家的情绪相符。
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引用次数: 0
Spartacus magazine and the commercial-political nexus of Gay Liberation 斯巴达克斯杂志和同性恋解放的商业政治关系
IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2022.2053845
Gil Engelstein
ABSTRACT Spartacus magazine (1969–1972) was one of Britain’s first openly gay periodicals. This essay explores the early career of its publisher, John D. Stamford, to argue for the constitutive role of gay entrepreneurs and transnational erotic commercial networks in articulating queer politics in Britain following the 1967 Sexual Offences Act. An examination of the reception of Stamford’s commercial and political work suggests that gay male consumption preceded political mobilisation rather than followed in its tracks. More so, that consumerism provided a shared vocabulary and an important platform on which a diverse readership coalesced around a set of contradictory political dictums on what constituted ‘proper’ sexual and gender expression.
摘要《斯巴达克斯》杂志(1969–1972)是英国最早公开同性恋的期刊之一。这篇文章探讨了出版商约翰·D·斯坦福德的早期职业生涯,为同性恋企业家和跨国色情商业网络在1967年《性犯罪法》颁布后阐明英国酷儿政治中的组成角色辩护。对斯坦福德商业和政治作品的受欢迎程度的研究表明,男同性恋消费先于政治动员,而不是紧随其后。更重要的是,消费主义提供了一个共享的词汇和一个重要的平台,在这个平台上,不同的读者围绕着一系列相互矛盾的政治格言团结在一起,这些政治格言关于什么是“适当的”性和性别表达。
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引用次数: 2
History from the top shelf: the cultural politics of sex in post-war Britain 书架上的历史:战后英国的性文化政治
IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2022.2051485
Laura Cofield, Ben Mechen, M. Worley
ABSTRACT The 1970s saw representations of sex become ever more visible in Britain. This special issue is designed to stimulate further research into how shifts in cultural politics, media and society facilitated and responded to cultural depictions of sex and sexuality. To this end, our short introduction surveys some of the literature and offers a glimpse of what might be stacked along History's top shelf.
摘要20世纪70年代,性在英国变得越来越明显。这期特刊旨在促进对文化政治、媒体和社会的转变如何促进和回应对性和性的文化描述的进一步研究。为此,我们的简短介绍调查了一些文献,并让我们一窥历史书架上可能堆放的东西。
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引用次数: 1
‘The way we were razed’: pubic hair and permissiveness in 1970s Britain “我们被夷为平地的方式”:20世纪70年代英国的阴毛和放纵
IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2022.2051488
Laura Cofield
ABSTRACT This article considers how pornographers negotiated the ‘permissive moment’ in Britain in the 1970s. It examines, as a case study, the publication Sexpertise: Shaved Pubes Special to discuss how editors grappled with changing definitions of obscenity and sexual liberation through the content of their magazines. Sexpertise’s focus on the fetishisation of female pubic hair removal was a way for the magazine’s editors to locate themselves at the forefront of sexual radicalism and innovation at a time when pubic hair was seen as becoming increasingly respectable. I argue that the magazine’s embrace of pubic hairlessness was not only a way for it to appear cutting edge but also reveals anxieties about the changing sexual landscape in Britain and the effects of this on the pornography market. Attempts to sustain a sense of relevance manifested in Sexpertise’s engagement with the historical ‘roots’ of hairlessness and the erotic. This article concludes by examining more broadly the function of nostalgia within pornographic texts and considers how historians might utilise pornographic discourses as texts and archives which recycle ideas about the sexual past in order to make sense of the present.
摘要本文探讨了20世纪70年代,英国的色情作家们是如何度过“放纵时刻”的。作为一个案例研究,它研究了出版物《Sexpertise:剃光头的酒吧特辑》,讨论编辑们如何通过杂志内容应对淫秽和性解放定义的变化。Sexpertise对女性阴毛去除恋物癖的关注,是该杂志编辑在阴毛越来越受人尊敬的时候,将自己定位在性激进主义和创新的前沿的一种方式。我认为,该杂志对公众无毛的拥抱不仅是它显得前沿的一种方式,而且也揭示了人们对英国不断变化的性景观及其对色情市场影响的焦虑。试图保持相关性表现在Sexpertise对无毛和色情的历史“根源”的参与中。本文最后更广泛地研究了怀旧在色情文本中的作用,并考虑了历史学家如何利用色情话语作为文本和档案,回收关于性过去的想法,以理解现在。
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引用次数: 1
“Instamatic living rooms of sin”: pornography, participation and the erotics of ordinariness in the 1970s “罪恶的即时起居室”:20世纪70年代的色情、参与和平凡的色情
IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2022.2051486
Ben Mechen
ABSTRACT This article considers the shift in 1970s Britain towards a pornography based not only on popular consumption but popular participation too. Focusing on the ‘Readers’ Wives’ genre of magazine features, it suggests that the making of soft-core pornography offered readers the possibility, through home photography, to document a ‘liberated’ sexual domesticity with growing cultural currency. This process involved the eroticisation of a broader turn to ordinariness in British culture, as well as the public transgression of the zone of sexual privacy carved out by the Wolfenden Report and the liberal sexual settlement of the 1950s and 1960s. The article therefore tracks the emergence in the late twentieth century of a new model of sexual selfhood that could be sparked into being through new ways of looking and being looked at. Especially for women, ‘Readers’ Wives’ linked sexual objectification and subjectification in a new and profound way. Overall, the development of a pornography of participation and a new erotics of ordinariness are framed in the article as constitutive of the sexual visuality of the ‘Sexual Revolution’.
这篇文章考虑了20世纪70年代英国向色情的转变,这种转变不仅基于大众消费,也基于大众参与。聚焦于“读者的妻子”类型的杂志专题,它表明,软核色情作品的制作为读者提供了一种可能性,通过家庭摄影,记录一个“解放”的性家庭生活与日益增长的文化货币。这一过程涉及到英国文化中更广泛的向平民化转变的色情化,以及公众对沃尔芬登报告(Wolfenden Report)所划定的性隐私区域的侵犯,以及20世纪50年代和60年代的自由性解决方案。因此,这篇文章追踪了20世纪后期出现的一种新的性自我模式,这种模式可以通过新的观察和被观察的方式被激发出来。尤其是对女性而言,《读者的妻子》以一种全新而深刻的方式将性的客观化与主体化联系起来。总的来说,参与的色情和平凡的新色情的发展在文章中被框定为“性革命”的性视觉的构成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Making history together: the UK’s National Health Service and the story of our lives since 1948 共同创造历史:英国国家医疗服务体系和1948年以来我们的生活故事
IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2022.2045199
S. Snow, Angela Whitecross
ABSTRACT Only since the 2010s have historians become interested in dimensions of the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) histories beyond institutional, policy, and political narratives and the seventieth anniversary of the Service in 2018 gave additional impetus to work in this area. This paper argues for the need for a new interpretative framework for NHS histories that better reflects its multiple identities and social meanings. Drawing on a UK-wide programme of work it explores the processes of creating digital archive of NHS history using concepts and methodologies that foreground the institution’s social and dynamic nature and are underpinned by a commitment to inclusivity of perspectives and actors. It considers the challenges of working across academic, health, and heritage sectors and the need for historians to adapt to sharing power and agency when working alongside volunteers and interviewees. It concludes that the history produced through these ways of working is rich and insightful and has the potential to reshape historical practice and scholarship around NHS histories and beyond.
自2010年代以来,历史学家才开始对英国国家医疗服务体系(NHS)在制度、政策和政治叙事之外的历史维度感兴趣,2018年NHS成立70周年为这一领域的工作提供了额外的动力。本文认为需要一个新的解释框架,NHS的历史,更好地反映其多重身份和社会意义。借鉴英国范围内的工作方案,它探索了使用概念和方法创建NHS历史数字档案的过程,这些概念和方法突出了该机构的社会和动态性质,并以对观点和行动者的包容性的承诺为基础。它考虑了跨学术、卫生和遗产部门工作的挑战,以及历史学家在与志愿者和受访者一起工作时适应分享权力和代理的必要性。它的结论是,通过这些工作方式产生的历史丰富而富有洞察力,并有可能重塑围绕NHS历史及其他历史的历史实践和学术。
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引用次数: 1
Working through industrial absence: Scotland’s community business movement and the moral economies of deindustrialisation in the 1980s and 1990s 在工业缺席中工作:20世纪80年代和90年代苏格兰的社区商业运动和去工业化的道德经济
IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2022.2033618
Gillian Murray
ABSTRACT Building on scholarship that has sought to trace how moral economies interact and change over time, and their value for understanding Scotland’s experience of deindustrialisation in particular, this article investigates the formative experiences of Scotland’s community business pioneers and how they shaped a moral economy response to deindustrialisation and Thatcherism. The working-class moral economy terms of ‘economic security’ and ‘control of resources’ remained central to this episode of moral economy action. However, a ‘new’ crowd, drawing on the values of co-operation brought community and workplace activist traditions together to protect expectations of justice and fairness. Oral histories recorded with community business pioneers, provide insight into how the skills and built environment of the industrial past were used by the community business movement as community assets to build new futures. Building an ‘ownership consciousness’ around local assets was crucial to community repair, not only materially, but also in terms of their narrative representations of these areas. Just as the transference of the working-class moral economy had political consequences, the history of Scotland’s community business pioneers reveals how the moral economy was finding expression in civil society and driving the shape of Scotland’s social economy in the process.
摘要:以学术研究为基础,研究道德经济如何随时间相互作用和变化,以及它们对理解苏格兰去工业化经历的价值,本文研究了苏格兰社区商业先驱的形成经历,以及他们如何塑造了对去工业化和撒切尔主义的道德经济反应。工人阶级的道德经济术语“经济安全”和“资源控制”仍然是这一道德经济行动的核心。然而,一个“新的”群体,利用合作的价值观,将社区和工作场所的活动家传统结合在一起,以保护对正义和公平的期望。与社区商业先驱的口述历史记录,提供了对社区商业运动如何利用过去工业的技能和建筑环境作为社区资产来建立新的未来的洞察力。围绕当地资产建立“所有权意识”对社区修复至关重要,不仅在物质上,而且在这些地区的叙事表现方面。正如工人阶级道德经济的转移产生了政治后果一样,苏格兰社区商业先驱的历史揭示了道德经济如何在公民社会中得到表达,并在此过程中推动了苏格兰社会经济的形成。
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引用次数: 0
Screening queer memory: LGBTQ pasts in contemporary film and television 放映酷儿记忆:LGBTQ在当代影视中的过往
IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2022.2035725
E. Turner-Kilburn
range of researchers, and reflected in popular culture. Those looking for an exploration of personal accounts of midlife crisis might wonder at the ‘intimate’ in the title as this work focuses more on the development of ideas and the work of those elaborating them through research than on an examination of the experience of midlife crisis through personal testimony. Insight into women’s transitional crises, the lives of working-class men and women or minority groups is mostly absent, as they were ignored or marginalised by the many researchers, marriage guidance counsellors, politicians and academics who developed and deployed the concept and whose work features throughout the book. The experience of midlife crisis was only available to those with the luxury of time and the resources to indulge in the realisations of unfulfilled dreams and ambitions in middle age. Despite the inclusion of female researchers, authors and cultural figures, the story of midlife crisis is effectively a cis, white, male, middle-class one. Nevertheless, readers will find in this book a rich and clearly articulated examination of an idea that has persisted across more than a century but took root in the circumstances, changes and challenges of post-war Western society. It is an idea that continues to thrive and, with the current popular and political focus on menopause, will perhaps find a new more inclusive focus and reframing that will ensure its continued relevance in the coming decades.
研究范围广泛,并反映在流行文化中。那些寻找对中年危机的个人描述的探索的人可能会对标题中的“亲密”感到惊讶,因为这本书更多地关注于思想的发展和那些通过研究来阐述它们的人的工作,而不是通过个人见证来检查中年危机的经历。对于女性的过渡危机、工人阶级男女或少数群体的生活,书中大多没有提及,因为他们被许多研究人员、婚姻指导顾问、政治家和学者忽视或边缘化了,正是这些人提出并运用了这一概念,他们的工作贯穿全书。中年危机的经历只适用于那些有充裕的时间和资源,在中年时沉迷于实现未实现的梦想和抱负的人。尽管有女性研究人员、作家和文化人物参与其中,但中年危机的故事实际上是一个独联体、白人、男性、中产阶级的故事。然而,读者会在这本书中发现,对一个观点进行了丰富而清晰的考察,这个观点在一个多世纪以来一直存在,但在战后西方社会的环境、变化和挑战中扎根。这是一个继续蓬勃发展的想法,随着目前公众和政治对更年期的关注,也许会找到一个新的更具包容性的焦点和框架,以确保其在未来几十年继续具有相关性。
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引用次数: 1
Cultural history of school uniform 校服文化史
IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2021.1968838
Amy Gower
formerly been neglected in historiography that focused on the more numerous migrants to North America in the post-Famine period. This book will be of interest to all scholars of oral history methodologies, memory studies and the Irish in Britain, and given the depth of theoretical work, is more appropriate for the academic, rather than the general reader. Hazley has analysed the interview material and integrated it thematically whilst preserving the words of his respondents through lengthy quotes throughout the book. He notes the pauses, tonal shifts, hesitancy and exuberance of his interviewees, analysis that is missing in other books that have attempted to capture oral histories of this cohort. As such, it extends earlier work in this vein and guides the reader to a deeper analysis of meaning in the words of the respondents. This appears to be sensitively done, and while we do not know what the interviewees themselves would make of such linguistic analysis, it is a helpful guide to the reader and makes real the interview process, as well as providing testimony that others can use and analyse in comparative studies. Furthermore, the Appendix, which details the biographical profile of the sample interviews and the wider cohort, makes this an ideal book for interested students, particularly those at undergraduate level.
以前在关注后饥荒时期更多移民到北美的史学中被忽视。这本书将引起英国所有口述历史方法论、记忆研究和爱尔兰人的兴趣,鉴于理论工作的深度,它更适合学术界,而不是普通读者。Hazley分析了采访材料,并将其按主题进行了整合,同时通过整本书的长篇引文保留了受访者的话。他注意到受访者的停顿、音调变化、犹豫和热情,这是其他试图捕捉这一群体口述历史的书中所缺少的分析。因此,它扩展了早期这方面的工作,并引导读者对受访者话语的含义进行更深入的分析。这似乎是敏感的,虽然我们不知道受访者自己会如何看待这种语言分析,但它对读者有帮助,使采访过程变得真实,并提供了其他人可以在比较研究中使用和分析的证据。此外,附录详细介绍了样本采访和更广泛人群的传记,使这本书成为感兴趣的学生,特别是本科生的理想之书。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Contemporary British History
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