Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2131246
D. O’Driscoll, Amal Bourhrous
{"title":"Occupying Space in the Kirkuk Bazaar: an intersectional analysis","authors":"D. O’Driscoll, Amal Bourhrous","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2131246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2131246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42659272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-06DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2128583
María Cárdenas
ABSTRACT Recent criticism of the liberal peace paradigm has raised awareness about racial silence and coloniality in peacebuilding and research. Drawing on ethnographic research in Colombia, this article argues that the interaction between ethnicization, armed conflict, and peacebuilding is relevant not only to so-called ethnic conflicts but to postcolonial conflict settings more generally. To demonstrate this, I first show that ethnicization is a key driver of armed conflict and its territorial expansion. I then discuss how two peacebuilding attempts, the constitution of 1991 and the peace agreement of 2016, dealt with ethnicization. Findings demonstrate that overlooking the interaction between ethnicization and conflict diminished their success. In contrast, embracing ethnic(ized) agency in peacebuilding made visible postcolonial violence, delegitimized its use, and enabled conflict transformation. The Colombian case is indicative of other contexts because it shows that peace cannot be achieved if the colonial fundaments of conflict transformation and democracy remain unaddressed.
{"title":"Why peacebuilding is condemned to fail if it ignores ethnicization. The case of Colombia","authors":"María Cárdenas","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2128583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2128583","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent criticism of the liberal peace paradigm has raised awareness about racial silence and coloniality in peacebuilding and research. Drawing on ethnographic research in Colombia, this article argues that the interaction between ethnicization, armed conflict, and peacebuilding is relevant not only to so-called ethnic conflicts but to postcolonial conflict settings more generally. To demonstrate this, I first show that ethnicization is a key driver of armed conflict and its territorial expansion. I then discuss how two peacebuilding attempts, the constitution of 1991 and the peace agreement of 2016, dealt with ethnicization. Findings demonstrate that overlooking the interaction between ethnicization and conflict diminished their success. In contrast, embracing ethnic(ized) agency in peacebuilding made visible postcolonial violence, delegitimized its use, and enabled conflict transformation. The Colombian case is indicative of other contexts because it shows that peace cannot be achieved if the colonial fundaments of conflict transformation and democracy remain unaddressed.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42827805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-06DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2131055
C. Amaechi, Nathaniel Umukoro
ABSTRACT Several studies have examined and applied the concept of peacebuilding in different contexts. A careful examination of these studies revealed that adequate attention has not been given to an examination of the modern concept of peacebuilding vis a vis the idea of peacebuilding in Igbo pre-colonial society in Africa. With the aid of secondary data and historical descriptive approach, this article seeks to contribute to the literature on peacebuilding by bringing in the Igbo perspective. The paper reveals that the Igbo pre-colonial society perceived peacebuilding as a long-term process that also involves the preventive aspect of the concept, since conflict was seen by the Igbo society as a naturally occurring and ever-present phenomenon in human existence. It also reveals that the pre-colonial Igbo people imbued their socio-political arrangement and structures with peace-building consciousness in such a manner that ensured lasting peace.
{"title":"Modern concept of peacebuilding and the idea of peacebuilding in Igbo pre-colonial society in Africa","authors":"C. Amaechi, Nathaniel Umukoro","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2131055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2131055","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Several studies have examined and applied the concept of peacebuilding in different contexts. A careful examination of these studies revealed that adequate attention has not been given to an examination of the modern concept of peacebuilding vis a vis the idea of peacebuilding in Igbo pre-colonial society in Africa. With the aid of secondary data and historical descriptive approach, this article seeks to contribute to the literature on peacebuilding by bringing in the Igbo perspective. The paper reveals that the Igbo pre-colonial society perceived peacebuilding as a long-term process that also involves the preventive aspect of the concept, since conflict was seen by the Igbo society as a naturally occurring and ever-present phenomenon in human existence. It also reveals that the pre-colonial Igbo people imbued their socio-political arrangement and structures with peace-building consciousness in such a manner that ensured lasting peace.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49163600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2027152
Samantha Ruppel, Julia Leib
ABSTRACT The peace processes in Liberia and Sierra Leone share similar contexts and have an interrelated history. They are also often portrayed as successful cases of peacebuilding. This conclusion seems valid, as war has not returned, and political power was handed over peacefully; however, both cases differ with regard to the inclusiveness of the peace processes and the role of local leaders. This article aims to add to the critical peacebuilding debate by focusing on local perceptions about the position of local leaders in these two peace processes. We conducted a public opinion survey in five regions in Sierra Leone and Liberia and expert interviews with peacebuilding actors to examine changing perceptions about the roles of local leaders in both countries. This article speaks to the broader peacebuilding debate by highlighting the importance of including local voices in the peace process and by discussing challenges of inclusive peacebuilding.
{"title":"Same but different: the role of local leaders in the peace processes in liberia and sierra leone","authors":"Samantha Ruppel, Julia Leib","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2027152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2027152","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The peace processes in Liberia and Sierra Leone share similar contexts and have an interrelated history. They are also often portrayed as successful cases of peacebuilding. This conclusion seems valid, as war has not returned, and political power was handed over peacefully; however, both cases differ with regard to the inclusiveness of the peace processes and the role of local leaders. This article aims to add to the critical peacebuilding debate by focusing on local perceptions about the position of local leaders in these two peace processes. We conducted a public opinion survey in five regions in Sierra Leone and Liberia and expert interviews with peacebuilding actors to examine changing perceptions about the roles of local leaders in both countries. This article speaks to the broader peacebuilding debate by highlighting the importance of including local voices in the peace process and by discussing challenges of inclusive peacebuilding.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43151898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2098453
Dorothée Delacroix
ABSTRACT Exhumations were considered part of the Peruvian State’s reparation policies to victims of the internal armed conflict. On the basis of an in-depth ethnography conducted in Andean peasant communities, this article analyses the forced nature of certain exhumations done in post-TRC Peru and the doubts cast on the testimonies of the surviving victims. This essay posits that the exhumed body has become a site for the production of “truth” in a context in which the recipients of economic reparations have the veracity of their testimonies questioned, and at times are deemed fraudulent. Through the analyse of the bureaucratic implementation of exhumations and of their effects on an intimate level, its demonstrates how State-controlled exhumation policies continue its historic requirement of Andean peasantry submission when any socio-economic aid is provided. This article highlights the paradoxes of reparation policies that produce a institutional violence forms of discrimination against the Andean peasantry.
{"title":"Controlling victims: forced exhumations in the Peruvian Andes","authors":"Dorothée Delacroix","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2098453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2098453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Exhumations were considered part of the Peruvian State’s reparation policies to victims of the internal armed conflict. On the basis of an in-depth ethnography conducted in Andean peasant communities, this article analyses the forced nature of certain exhumations done in post-TRC Peru and the doubts cast on the testimonies of the surviving victims. This essay posits that the exhumed body has become a site for the production of “truth” in a context in which the recipients of economic reparations have the veracity of their testimonies questioned, and at times are deemed fraudulent. Through the analyse of the bureaucratic implementation of exhumations and of their effects on an intimate level, its demonstrates how State-controlled exhumation policies continue its historic requirement of Andean peasantry submission when any socio-economic aid is provided. This article highlights the paradoxes of reparation policies that produce a institutional violence forms of discrimination against the Andean peasantry.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43763437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1955516
Claire Q. Smith
ABSTRACT The article makes a new contribution to understanding peace governance, using the concept of formalised political unsettlements to explain enduring local governance ambiguities as a constructive, rather than detrimental, feature of a hybrid post-war political order. Drawing on original fieldwork, the article examines the contested interactions between an international governance reform programme and competing national and sub-national political actors in post-war Timor-Leste. International donors to and scholars of Timor-Leste have argued that an institutional ‘gap’ between national and local governance blocked post-war development and democratisation. I take a new approach, using the concept of ‘formalised political unsettlement’ to reconceive this ‘gap’ as a political space allowing competing visions of post-war governance to co-exist. I demonstrate that the ‘gap’ was not a failure of governance, but a form of transitional political order, sustaining peace while avoiding a formal resolution. In attempting to fix the ‘gap’, the international intervention had unexpected consequences in this complex post-war environment.
{"title":"Local peace governance in post-war Timor-Leste: reconceiving governance ambiguity as a formalised political unsettlement","authors":"Claire Q. Smith","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2021.1955516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2021.1955516","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article makes a new contribution to understanding peace governance, using the concept of formalised political unsettlements to explain enduring local governance ambiguities as a constructive, rather than detrimental, feature of a hybrid post-war political order. Drawing on original fieldwork, the article examines the contested interactions between an international governance reform programme and competing national and sub-national political actors in post-war Timor-Leste. International donors to and scholars of Timor-Leste have argued that an institutional ‘gap’ between national and local governance blocked post-war development and democratisation. I take a new approach, using the concept of ‘formalised political unsettlement’ to reconceive this ‘gap’ as a political space allowing competing visions of post-war governance to co-exist. I demonstrate that the ‘gap’ was not a failure of governance, but a form of transitional political order, sustaining peace while avoiding a formal resolution. In attempting to fix the ‘gap’, the international intervention had unexpected consequences in this complex post-war environment.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41542427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-20DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2079246
Tim Glawion
ABSTRACT Examinations of substate security and everyday peace in hybrid political orders are mostly limited to single-case studies or statistical analyses. Seldom are qualitative methods applied with a comparative aim that can unveil patterns of security production. I attempt such an approach by studying 12 cases across the Central African Republic, Haiti, Somaliland, and South Sudan. I investigate (1) where hybrid interactions take place, (2) how they happen and (3) what this means for people’s security. I argue, first, that hybrid ordering shapes socio-geography by separating a rigorously controlled inner from a securitised outer circle. Second, I find that actors clash over the use of contrasting ordering principles on a spectrum from stable to fluid. Third, measured security indices, paradoxically, often diverge from how safe people feel depending on public support for the socio-geographical shape and ordering principles applied. These cross-case patterns of hybrid political orders underscore the importance of comparing political ordering processes.
{"title":"Cross-case patterns of security production in hybrid political orders: their shapes, ordering practices, and paradoxical outcomes","authors":"Tim Glawion","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2079246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2079246","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Examinations of substate security and everyday peace in hybrid political orders are mostly limited to single-case studies or statistical analyses. Seldom are qualitative methods applied with a comparative aim that can unveil patterns of security production. I attempt such an approach by studying 12 cases across the Central African Republic, Haiti, Somaliland, and South Sudan. I investigate (1) where hybrid interactions take place, (2) how they happen and (3) what this means for people’s security. I argue, first, that hybrid ordering shapes socio-geography by separating a rigorously controlled inner from a securitised outer circle. Second, I find that actors clash over the use of contrasting ordering principles on a spectrum from stable to fluid. Third, measured security indices, paradoxically, often diverge from how safe people feel depending on public support for the socio-geographical shape and ordering principles applied. These cross-case patterns of hybrid political orders underscore the importance of comparing political ordering processes.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47203758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2068866
O. Bakiner
{"title":"Why did Turkey’s peace process (2013-2015) fail? Four explanations","authors":"O. Bakiner","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2068866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2068866","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44090808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2065791
Yoav Kapshuk, Mora Deitch
ABSTRACT The rising of religious intrastate armed conflicts in recent years has a significant impact on the world order. Despite a growing literature on the relationship between religion and conflict, we know little about the conditions under which peace processes of religious conflicts may succeed. Studies show that addressing issues of transitional justice during conflicts may promote peace. This study examines the role of transitional justice in peace processes of religious conflicts. Our study uses quantitative analysis utilizing the Transitional Justice in Peace Processes (TJPP) Dataset, which contains innovative information on worldwide peace negotiations between 1989 and 2014. The TJPP dataset identifies six elements of transitional justice: truth commissions, reconciliation processes, reparations programs, restitution and rehabilitation of refugees, amnesties and prisoners' release. Findings demonstrate that peace processes of religious conflicts are more likely to use transitional justice elements, yet these peace efforts are less likely to reach a full peace agreement.
{"title":"Religion, peace and justice: the effects of transitional justice on religious armed conflict resolution","authors":"Yoav Kapshuk, Mora Deitch","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2065791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2065791","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The rising of religious intrastate armed conflicts in recent years has a significant impact on the world order. Despite a growing literature on the relationship between religion and conflict, we know little about the conditions under which peace processes of religious conflicts may succeed. Studies show that addressing issues of transitional justice during conflicts may promote peace. This study examines the role of transitional justice in peace processes of religious conflicts. Our study uses quantitative analysis utilizing the Transitional Justice in Peace Processes (TJPP) Dataset, which contains innovative information on worldwide peace negotiations between 1989 and 2014. The TJPP dataset identifies six elements of transitional justice: truth commissions, reconciliation processes, reparations programs, restitution and rehabilitation of refugees, amnesties and prisoners' release. Findings demonstrate that peace processes of religious conflicts are more likely to use transitional justice elements, yet these peace efforts are less likely to reach a full peace agreement.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60293349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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