Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2153908
Edward Sutcliffe
ABSTRACT Metaphors of physical health and illness occurred frequently in medieval exegesis, with diseased bodies providing figurative language that could be applied to sin and its effects upon the soul. The increasing availability of newly translated medical learning in Europe in the thirteenth century augmented and enriched this discourse in innovative ways. The present paper offers a close analysis of the systematic use of sophisticated medical knowledge in an unpublished collection of model sermons, written c.1240 by the Franciscan preacher Luca da Bitonto. Produced at least 50 years earlier than comparable sermons previously shown to contain advanced medical metaphor, Luca’s sermons offer new evidence for the intellectual and theological contexts in which thirteenth-century preachers sought out detailed and accurate knowledge of the natural world, and for the ways in which new medical knowledge was disseminated and incorporated into medieval religious discourse.
{"title":"Medical knowledge in thirteenth-century preaching: the sermons of Luca da Bitonto","authors":"Edward Sutcliffe","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2153908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2153908","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Metaphors of physical health and illness occurred frequently in medieval exegesis, with diseased bodies providing figurative language that could be applied to sin and its effects upon the soul. The increasing availability of newly translated medical learning in Europe in the thirteenth century augmented and enriched this discourse in innovative ways. The present paper offers a close analysis of the systematic use of sophisticated medical knowledge in an unpublished collection of model sermons, written c.1240 by the Franciscan preacher Luca da Bitonto. Produced at least 50 years earlier than comparable sermons previously shown to contain advanced medical metaphor, Luca’s sermons offer new evidence for the intellectual and theological contexts in which thirteenth-century preachers sought out detailed and accurate knowledge of the natural world, and for the ways in which new medical knowledge was disseminated and incorporated into medieval religious discourse.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"49 1","pages":"45 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46871130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2153381
Samu Niskanen
ABSTRACT Anselm of Canterbury (d. 1109) was considered an authoritative learned writer across Latin Christendom in his own lifetime. This essay argues it was his triumph at the Council of Bari in 1098, where he delivered a full-length speech on the Procession of the Holy Spirit and was cited by the pope as an authority, which elevated him to such an unusual status for a living author. The proposition is advanced by three arguments. Setting out the historical context, the first explores how Anselm came to be charged with a major conciliar assignment. The second examines events before and during the council, and assesses his achievement in terms of medieval literary theory. The final section demonstrates how his new renown provided a readership in regions where his works had not previously penetrated. The evidence derives from contemporary remarks and early manuscripts, many of which have gone unobserved in Anselmian scholarship.
{"title":"From author to authority: Anselm’s public reputation and the Council of Bari (1098)","authors":"Samu Niskanen","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2153381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2153381","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anselm of Canterbury (d. 1109) was considered an authoritative learned writer across Latin Christendom in his own lifetime. This essay argues it was his triumph at the Council of Bari in 1098, where he delivered a full-length speech on the Procession of the Holy Spirit and was cited by the pope as an authority, which elevated him to such an unusual status for a living author. The proposition is advanced by three arguments. Setting out the historical context, the first explores how Anselm came to be charged with a major conciliar assignment. The second examines events before and during the council, and assesses his achievement in terms of medieval literary theory. The final section demonstrates how his new renown provided a readership in regions where his works had not previously penetrated. The evidence derives from contemporary remarks and early manuscripts, many of which have gone unobserved in Anselmian scholarship.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"49 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48387640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2151040
A. Fizzard
ABSTRACT This article contributes to our knowledge of food habits in late medieval and early sixteenth-century England and Wales through an analysis of under-examined records of retirement agreements known as corrodies; these were struck between religious houses and individuals or married couples. Corrody texts, copied in records from the Court of Augmentations, are a rich source for patterns of consumption, particularly of beverages and foodstuffs, in the first four decades of the sixteenth century. People from a range of social backgrounds acted as careful consumers in their attempts to guarantee their preferred foods in their retirement years. These late retirement arrangements indicate an evolution of food entitlements in corrodies towards greater specificity in terms of what the corrodians were to receive. They also reflect larger food trends of this period, such as a move away from pottage and a desire to secure access to meat and other animal-derived foods.
{"title":"‘A competent mess’: food, consumption and retirement at religious houses in England and Wales, c.1502–38","authors":"A. Fizzard","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2151040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2151040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 This article contributes to our knowledge of food habits in late medieval and early sixteenth-century England and Wales through an analysis of under-examined records of retirement agreements known as corrodies; these were struck between religious houses and individuals or married couples. Corrody texts, copied in records from the Court of Augmentations, are a rich source for patterns of consumption, particularly of beverages and foodstuffs, in the first four decades of the sixteenth century. People from a range of social backgrounds acted as careful consumers in their attempts to guarantee their preferred foods in their retirement years. These late retirement arrangements indicate an evolution of food entitlements in corrodies towards greater specificity in terms of what the corrodians were to receive. They also reflect larger food trends of this period, such as a move away from pottage and a desire to secure access to meat and other animal-derived foods.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"49 1","pages":"111 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46963004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2130404
Rachel Koopmans
ABSTRACT Stories involving lost items, sick or missing birds and animals, and the strange behaviour of objects such as coins, candles and relic containers are frequently encountered in high medieval miracle collections, with the ‘jokes’ of St Foy of Conques being a well-known example. Such miracles, in which saints were thought to incongruously exercise their powers on ‘minor’ or ‘trifling’ matters, provoked a range of reactions, from laughing delight to unease and outright dismissal. This essay argues that the ‘trifling’ miracle would be a useful addition to typologies of medieval miracles, and contrasts the ways in which two late twelfth-century monks at Canterbury, Benedict of Peterborough and William of Canterbury, worked to integrate and explain stories like these in their collections of the miracles of Thomas Becket.
{"title":"The smallest matters: vanishing water, missing birds, revived animals, recovered coins and other trifling miracles in the Thomas Becket collections","authors":"Rachel Koopmans","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2130404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2130404","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stories involving lost items, sick or missing birds and animals, and the strange behaviour of objects such as coins, candles and relic containers are frequently encountered in high medieval miracle collections, with the ‘jokes’ of St Foy of Conques being a well-known example. Such miracles, in which saints were thought to incongruously exercise their powers on ‘minor’ or ‘trifling’ matters, provoked a range of reactions, from laughing delight to unease and outright dismissal. This essay argues that the ‘trifling’ miracle would be a useful addition to typologies of medieval miracles, and contrasts the ways in which two late twelfth-century monks at Canterbury, Benedict of Peterborough and William of Canterbury, worked to integrate and explain stories like these in their collections of the miracles of Thomas Becket.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"587 - 606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44040298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2131601
Gwilym Dodd
ABSTRACT The Modus tenendi parliamentum has long perplexed scholars. For over a century they have battled to make sense of its 26 chapters, which purport to describe the centuries-old traditions, functions and processes of the English parliament. A number of hypotheses have emerged to explain its compilation, most notably that it was a Lancastrian political manifesto, a legal treatise or an administrator’s programme for reform. In this discussion I argue that a fresh approach is needed. Whilst agreeing with the scholarly consensus that the Modus was originally written in the reign of Edward II (1307–27), I suggest instead that it was a product of the deep political fissures which bedevilled the political community. Its defining characteristic was an attempt to steer a middle ground between the warring factions, and its purpose was to project parliament as the vital institutional context for renewed political consensus.
{"title":"Parliament, politics and protocol: the Modus tenendi parliamentum and the settlement of the realm under Edward II","authors":"Gwilym Dodd","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2131601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2131601","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Modus tenendi parliamentum has long perplexed scholars. For over a century they have battled to make sense of its 26 chapters, which purport to describe the centuries-old traditions, functions and processes of the English parliament. A number of hypotheses have emerged to explain its compilation, most notably that it was a Lancastrian political manifesto, a legal treatise or an administrator’s programme for reform. In this discussion I argue that a fresh approach is needed. Whilst agreeing with the scholarly consensus that the Modus was originally written in the reign of Edward II (1307–27), I suggest instead that it was a product of the deep political fissures which bedevilled the political community. Its defining characteristic was an attempt to steer a middle ground between the warring factions, and its purpose was to project parliament as the vital institutional context for renewed political consensus.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"631 - 663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47032916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2132415
So Nakaya
ABSTRACT A memoriale, or memorandum book, kept by the Lucchese doctor, Iacopo di Coluccino (1373–1416), offers insight into informal credit practices of wealthy citizens and credit networks among ordinary people in late fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italy, in ways not evident from studies of moneylenders’ books, notarial registers or court records. Maestro Iacopo provided small amounts of credit as cash, goods or sales on credit without taking collateral or, in many cases, relying on notaries. This was possible because his credit network was confined to acquaintances and tenants, and because loans to the latter who faced difficulty had a co-operative nature. He sometimes brought legal proceedings against solvent clients to enforce debt collection. His credit network co-existed and overlapped with those of other wealthy citizens, local banks and pawnshops, and through his clients’ borrowing practices, he was deeply and extensively implicated in the urban and rural economy.
{"title":"Credit practices and networks in the medieval Italian city: the memoriale of Dr Iacopo di Coluccino of Lucca","authors":"So Nakaya","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2132415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2132415","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A memoriale, or memorandum book, kept by the Lucchese doctor, Iacopo di Coluccino (1373–1416), offers insight into informal credit practices of wealthy citizens and credit networks among ordinary people in late fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italy, in ways not evident from studies of moneylenders’ books, notarial registers or court records. Maestro Iacopo provided small amounts of credit as cash, goods or sales on credit without taking collateral or, in many cases, relying on notaries. This was possible because his credit network was confined to acquaintances and tenants, and because loans to the latter who faced difficulty had a co-operative nature. He sometimes brought legal proceedings against solvent clients to enforce debt collection. His credit network co-existed and overlapped with those of other wealthy citizens, local banks and pawnshops, and through his clients’ borrowing practices, he was deeply and extensively implicated in the urban and rural economy.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"686 - 713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2131602
Naama Cohen-Hanegbi
ABSTRACT This essay traces the interconnected endeavours to forge civic health-care provisions and to Christianise the public sphere in late fourteenth-century Seville. Following waves of plague and civil unrest, and growing religious fervour, Seville of the period was building its civic structures anew. Within this process, the municipality and central religious figures in the city took initiatives to advance health care and public health. This essay demonstrates the breadth of measures invested in pursuing health in the city and their entanglement with the religious agenda. The individuals and institutions which sponsored and endorsed health care also advocated the ideal of a Christian community versed in the principles of the Christian faith. The unique case study of Seville’s closely-knit community of health-care promoters sheds light on the significant role of health care and the perception of health within Iberian religious culture of the period.
{"title":"A healthy Christian city: Christianising health care in late fourteenth-century Seville","authors":"Naama Cohen-Hanegbi","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2131602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2131602","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This essay traces the interconnected endeavours to forge civic health-care provisions and to Christianise the public sphere in late fourteenth-century Seville. Following waves of plague and civil unrest, and growing religious fervour, Seville of the period was building its civic structures anew. Within this process, the municipality and central religious figures in the city took initiatives to advance health care and public health. This essay demonstrates the breadth of measures invested in pursuing health in the city and their entanglement with the religious agenda. The individuals and institutions which sponsored and endorsed health care also advocated the ideal of a Christian community versed in the principles of the Christian faith. The unique case study of Seville’s closely-knit community of health-care promoters sheds light on the significant role of health care and the perception of health within Iberian religious culture of the period.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"664 - 685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45954924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2130963
Jeffrey M. Wayno
ABSTRACT This article uses a case study from the late 1230s to expand our understanding of how the papacy exercised power in the high Middle Ages. In the early thirteenth century, the papal court was one of Europe’s most important and innovative governing institutions. But while many historians have described the development and structure of the administrative and legal tools popes used to implement their will, less well understood is how the papal court used those tools to get things done. In 1237–8, the papal court under the leadership of Pope Gregory IX spent 14 months trying to help Florentine merchants collect money they had lent to crusaders in France. Using a remarkable set of 22 letters from Gregory’s registers, the following pages unpack the details of this case and argue that personal influence was essential to the papacy’s efforts to bring it to a successful conclusion.
{"title":"Governing through influence at the thirteenth-century papal court","authors":"Jeffrey M. Wayno","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2130963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2130963","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article uses a case study from the late 1230s to expand our understanding of how the papacy exercised power in the high Middle Ages. In the early thirteenth century, the papal court was one of Europe’s most important and innovative governing institutions. But while many historians have described the development and structure of the administrative and legal tools popes used to implement their will, less well understood is how the papal court used those tools to get things done. In 1237–8, the papal court under the leadership of Pope Gregory IX spent 14 months trying to help Florentine merchants collect money they had lent to crusaders in France. Using a remarkable set of 22 letters from Gregory’s registers, the following pages unpack the details of this case and argue that personal influence was essential to the papacy’s efforts to bring it to a successful conclusion.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"607 - 630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47681621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2098529
Eleanor Jackson
ABSTRACT In 2019 the British Library acquired the Percy Hours, a late thirteenth-century book of hours from York. This acquisition reunited the manuscript with the Percy Psalter, acquired by the Library in 1990. Together they originally formed a single volume psalter-hours. The Percy Psalter-Hours is one of a small number of devotional books for the laity surviving from thirteenth-century England, and probably the only example from York. It provides rare insight into a period of great change in book culture, when devotional books for the laity were growing in popularity and regional workshops for commercial book production were emerging around the country. Despite its significance, the question of the manuscript's original ownership has never been satisfactorily answered. Through analysing the heraldic evidence of the manuscript, this paper proposes a new identification of the intended owners and explores the wider implications for our understanding of the social history of the book.
{"title":"Pursuing the Percys: the original owners of the Percy Psalter-Hours","authors":"Eleanor Jackson","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2098529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2098529","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2019 the British Library acquired the Percy Hours, a late thirteenth-century book of hours from York. This acquisition reunited the manuscript with the Percy Psalter, acquired by the Library in 1990. Together they originally formed a single volume psalter-hours. The Percy Psalter-Hours is one of a small number of devotional books for the laity surviving from thirteenth-century England, and probably the only example from York. It provides rare insight into a period of great change in book culture, when devotional books for the laity were growing in popularity and regional workshops for commercial book production were emerging around the country. Despite its significance, the question of the manuscript's original ownership has never been satisfactorily answered. Through analysing the heraldic evidence of the manuscript, this paper proposes a new identification of the intended owners and explores the wider implications for our understanding of the social history of the book.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"524 - 545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48615702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-23DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2022.2102061
Sandra de la Torre Gonzalo
ABSTRACT This article presents new data on the kingdom of Aragon’s issue of sovereign debt 25 years earlier than the point at which there is routine documentation. The primary focus of this study is to examine how the representative institutions of this territory within the Crown of Aragon undertook the task of raising capital in financial markets. Contrary to a well-established historiographical perspective, this inland kingdom of the Iberian Peninsula and a supra-local political body called the Diputación employed advanced financial instruments that were used in major cities along the Mediterranean coast, and managed to attract investors. A chronological survey is undertaken of the evolution of this debt and how it shaped the kingdom’s relationship to the monarchy, seeking to meet royal demands for extraordinary funding. This study of the management of public debt sheds light on deep structural changes that encompassed fiscality, the creation of new institutions and self-government.
{"title":"The first issue of annuities by the Diputación of the kingdom of Aragon (1376–1436): raising capital and sovereign debt in the Middle Ages","authors":"Sandra de la Torre Gonzalo","doi":"10.1080/03044181.2022.2102061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2102061","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents new data on the kingdom of Aragon’s issue of sovereign debt 25 years earlier than the point at which there is routine documentation. The primary focus of this study is to examine how the representative institutions of this territory within the Crown of Aragon undertook the task of raising capital in financial markets. Contrary to a well-established historiographical perspective, this inland kingdom of the Iberian Peninsula and a supra-local political body called the Diputación employed advanced financial instruments that were used in major cities along the Mediterranean coast, and managed to attract investors. A chronological survey is undertaken of the evolution of this debt and how it shaped the kingdom’s relationship to the monarchy, seeking to meet royal demands for extraordinary funding. This study of the management of public debt sheds light on deep structural changes that encompassed fiscality, the creation of new institutions and self-government.","PeriodicalId":45579,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"546 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46425500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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