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Table of Contents Vol 11 (2022) 目录第11卷(2022)
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1185
Editorial Office
No abstract available.
没有可用的摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum: Evaluating the awareness and knowledge of dyslexia among primary school teachers in Tshwane District, South Africa 勘误:评估南非Tshwane地区小学教师对阅读障碍的认识和知识
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1079
Mary M Makgato, Monicca Leseyane-Kgari, M. Cekiso, I. P. Mandende, R. Masha
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.807.].
[这更正了文章DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.807.]。
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引用次数: 0
Disability unplugged: What really matters to people with disabilities? 不插电的残疾人:什么对残疾人真正重要?
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2022-12-15 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1172
Chioma Ohajunwa, Callista Kahonde, Arne H Eide, Lieketseng Ned
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引用次数: 0
A review of the framework and strategy for disability and rehabilitation services in South Africa. 对南非残疾和康复服务框架和战略的审查。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2022-12-15 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.893
Naeema A R Hussein El Kout, Sonti Pilusa, Khetsiwe Dlamini Masuku

Background: Rehabilitation is imperative for the successful integration of persons with disabilities into their social environments. The Framework and strategy for disability and rehabilitation services (FSDR) in South Africa, 2015-2020.was developed to strengthen access to rehabilitation services and ensure the inclusion of persons with disabilities in all aspects of community life. Despite the FSDR being commissioned, access to rehabilitation is a challenge for persons with disabilities and further compounded in rural communities.

Objective: The study aimed to describe the barriers and facilitators that influenced the process of development, implementation and monitoring of the FSDR.

Method: This qualitative study employed a single case study design. Data was collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews utilising the Walt & Gilson policy analysis framework that outlines the context, content, actors and process of policy development and implementation. In-depth interviews were conducted with twelve key informants (N=12) who were selected purposively for the study. Data obtained from the in-depth interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results: We found many factors that influenced the implementation of the framework. Actor dynamics, insufficient resources, the rushed process, poor record-keeping, inappropriate leadership, negative attitudes of staff members and the insufficient monitoring impeded the successful implementation of the framework. While positive attitude, mentorship and support amongst the task team facilitated the implementation process, albeit with challenges.

Conclusion: There is a need to address implementation gaps so that the FSDR is responsive to the current rehabilitation needs of persons with disabilities in South Africa.

Contribution: This study may inform future disability policy, and can be used as a tool to advocate for the rights for persons with disabilities.

背景:康复是残疾人成功融入社会环境的必要条件。2015-2020 年南非残疾和康复服务框架与战略》(FSDR)的制定旨在加强康复服务的可及性,并确保残疾人融入社区生活的各个方面。尽管南非残疾与康复服务战略已开始实施,但残疾人获得康复服务仍是一项挑战,而在农村社区,这一挑战更为严峻:本研究旨在描述影响家庭复员方案的制定、实施和监督过程的障碍和促进因素:这项定性研究采用了单一案例研究设计。通过文件分析和深入访谈收集数据,采用了 Walt & Gilson 政策分析框架,该框架概述了政策制定和实施的背景、内容、参与者和过程。深入访谈的对象是 12 位关键信息提供者(N=12),他们是为本研究有目的性地挑选出来的。我们采用归纳式主题分析法对深入访谈获得的数据进行了分析:我们发现了许多影响框架实施的因素。行为者动态、资源不足、过程仓促、记录不全、领导不当、工作人员态度消极以及监督不足等因素阻碍了框架的成功实施。尽管存在挑战,但工作组的积极态度、指导和支持促进了实施进程:结论:有必要解决实施过程中存在的差距,以便《南非残疾人康复战略》能够满足南非残疾人当前的康复需求:本研究可为未来的残疾政策提供信息,并可用作倡导残疾人权利的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Non-Disclosure of abuse in children and young adults with disabilities: Reasons and mitigation strategies Northwest Region of Cameroon. 不披露残疾儿童和年轻成人遭受虐待的情况:原因和缓解策略 喀麦隆西北地区。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2022-12-14 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1025
Glory T Tsangue, Jacque Chirac Awa, Josephine Nsono, Charlotte W Ayima, Pius M Tih

Background: Child abuse is a serious public health issue in low- and middle-income countries, and children with disabilities are at greater risk of abuse. Despite this heightened risk, the abuse of children with disabilities often goes undetected and under-reported, leading to the continuity of such abuse by their abusers.

Objectives: This study was aimed at identifying the reasons for non-disclosure of abuse and possible mitigating strategies to curb this dilemma in children and young adults with disabilities (CWD).

Methods: A population-based record-linkage qualitative study was conducted among CWD (both at home and in institutions) in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. Twelve key informant interviews and eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among key staff from child protection offices for child abuse, parents and teachers in schools. Fifty in-depth interviews were also conducted among children with disabilities. Reasons for nondisclosure and proposed mitigating approaches from audio tapes were transcribed verbatim, thematic analysis performed and findings reported.

Results: A lack of knowledge on where to disclose, fear of stigma, long and expensive procedures, a lack of confidence in the justice system, threats from abusers, protection of family unity and friendship ties were linked with nondisclosures. The most common mitigating strategies postulated were sensitisation, capacity building on parenting and the creation of child protection committees.

Conclusion: From this study, nondisclosure of abuse is common in CWD, and thus there is a need for urgent attention to curb the situation for safer and more child-friendly environments through sensitisation, parental support and putting in place strategic child protection committees.

Contribution: This article is based on the experience of all authors with interest in the field of disability. This article contributes to the pull of knowledge by providing context specific reasons for non-disclosure of abuse as well as mitigation strategies.

背景:在中低收入国家,虐待儿童是一个严重的公共卫生问题,而残疾儿童遭受虐待的风险更大。尽管风险增加,但虐待残疾儿童的行为往往未被发现和报告,导致施虐者继续虐待残疾儿童:本研究旨在确定残疾儿童和年轻成人(CWD)不披露虐待行为的原因,以及遏制这一困境的可能缓解策略:在喀麦隆西北部地区的残疾儿童和残疾青壮年(家庭和机构)中开展了一项以人口为基础的记录链接定性研究。对虐待儿童问题儿童保护办公室的主要工作人员、家长和学校教师进行了 12 次关键信息提供者访谈和 8 次焦点小组讨论(FGD)。此外,还对残疾儿童进行了 50 次深入访谈。对录音带中未披露的原因和建议的缓解方法进行了逐字记录,并进行了专题分析和结果报告:结果表明:不知道去哪里披露、害怕蒙受耻辱、程序冗长且费用高昂、对司法系统缺乏信心、施虐者的威胁、保护家庭团结和友谊关系等都与不披露有关。最常见的缓解策略是开展宣传、提高为人父母的能力以及成立儿童保护委员会:从这项研究中可以看出,不披露虐待行为在儿童福利院中很常见,因此,迫切需要通过宣传、父母支持和建立战略性儿童保护委员会来遏制这种情况,从而创造更安全、更有利于儿童的环境:本文基于所有对残疾领域感兴趣的作者的经验。本文提供了不披露虐待行为的具体原因以及缓解策略,为知识的积累做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Factors affecting length of hospital stay in stroke survivors in South Africa: A call for a stroke unit. 影响南非中风幸存者住院时间的因素:呼吁设立卒中单元。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2022-12-12 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1065
Stephanie C Pillay, Roxann Redant, Nadia Umuneza, Azra Hoosen, Fiona Breytenbach, Sameera Haffejee, Zvifadzo Matsena-Zingoni, Kganetso Sekome

Background: Stroke in Africa is a growing and neglected crisis with the incidence more than doubling in low- to middle-income countries in the last four decades. Despite this growing threat, implementation of stroke models of care in hospitals is lacking. Stroke units as a model of care have been shown to decrease mortality, reduce length of hospital stay (LOS) and improve outcomes in stroke survivors.

Objectives: To determine the profile of stroke survivors and identify factors contributing to LOS at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH) in South Africa to support stroke unit implementation.

Method: This study involved a retrospective record review of stroke survivors admitted to CHBAH between September 2018 and May 2019. Factors associated with LOS were determined using linear regression models; univariate and multiple regression models were fitted.

Results: A total of 567 participants' data were included. Overall, 51.85% of the participants required services from all rehabilitation disciplines. The median LOS was 9 days (interquartile ranges [IQR]: 5-11 days) with each discipline providing an average of six sessions. Participants who were referred to the rehabilitation team 3 days after admission to hospital stayed 6 days longer compared with those participants who were referred earlier (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Delayed referral to the rehabilitation team resulted in increased LOS. This study supports the need for dedicated stroke units to decrease hospital LOS and improve patients' outcomes by ensuring early, well-coordinated rehabilitation intervention and discharge planning.

Contribution: The study highlights the urgency for re-evaluation of stroke care infrastructure within Gauteng to streamline and provide accessible stroke models of care.

背景:在非洲,中风是一个日益严重且被忽视的危机,在过去的四十年里,中低收入国家的中风发病率增加了一倍多。尽管威胁日益严重,但医院却缺乏卒中护理模式。卒中单元作为一种护理模式已被证明可降低死亡率、缩短住院时间(LOS)并改善卒中幸存者的预后:确定南非克里斯-哈尼-巴拉夸那思学术医院(CHBAH)卒中幸存者的概况并识别导致住院时间延长的因素,以支持卒中单元的实施:本研究对2018年9月至2019年5月期间入住CHBAH的中风幸存者进行了回顾性记录审查。使用线性回归模型确定与LOS相关的因素;拟合单变量和多元回归模型:共纳入了 567 名参与者的数据。总体而言,51.85%的参与者需要所有康复学科的服务。住院时间中位数为 9 天(四分位数间距 [IQR]:5-11 天),每个学科平均提供 6 次治疗。入院 3 天后才转介到康复小组的患者比更早转介的患者多住院 6 天(P < 0.001):结论:延迟转诊至康复团队导致住院时间延长。本研究支持了设立卒中专科的必要性,以通过确保早期、协调良好的康复干预和出院规划来减少住院时间并改善患者预后:贡献: 该研究强调了重新评估豪登省脑卒中护理基础设施的紧迫性,以简化并提供无障碍的脑卒中护理模式。
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引用次数: 0
'I might be lucky and go back to school': Factors affecting inclusion in education for children with disabilities in rural Malawi. 我可能会幸运地回到学校":影响马拉维农村残疾儿童融入教育的因素。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2022-11-14 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.981
Lena M Banks, Xanthe Hunt, Khumbo Kalua, Providence Nindi, Maria Zuurmond, Tom Shakespeare

Background: Globally, children with disabilities are often excluded from and within schools.

Objectives: This study explored experiences of inclusion in education amongst children with disabilities in Malawi. The enquiry focused on the perspectives of children and their caregivers on barriers and enablers of inclusion.

Method: Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 37 children with disabilities, 61 caregivers and 13 teachers from Ntcheu and Mangochi districts and analysed thematically using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework.

Results: Overall, this research study found that children with disabilities face persistent and systemic barriers to attending, progressing and learning in school.

Conclusion: School outcomes were influenced by a range of impairment-related, personal and environmental factors, including poor health, household poverty, attitudes of caregivers, teachers, peers and children themselves and school resources for inclusive education.

Contribution: These findings carry implications for policy and planning in inclusive education and other services to support the health and well-being of children with disabilities in Malawi.

背景在全球范围内,残疾儿童往往被排斥在学校之外或学校之内:本研究探讨了马拉维残疾儿童接受全纳教育的经历。调查重点是儿童及其照顾者对全纳教育的障碍和促进因素的看法:方法:通过对恩楚和曼戈奇地区的 37 名残疾儿童、61 名照顾者和 13 名教师进行深入访谈收集数据,并以《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》为框架进行专题分析:总体而言,这项研究发现,残疾儿童在上学、进步和学习方面面临着持续的系统性障碍:学校成绩受到一系列与障碍有关的个人和环境因素的影响,包括健康状况不佳、家庭贫困、照顾者、教师、同学和儿童自身的态度以及学校为全纳教育提供的资源:这些研究结果对马拉维全纳教育的政策和规划以及支持残疾儿童健康和福祉的其他服务具有重要意义。
{"title":"'I might be lucky and go back to school': Factors affecting inclusion in education for children with disabilities in rural Malawi.","authors":"Lena M Banks, Xanthe Hunt, Khumbo Kalua, Providence Nindi, Maria Zuurmond, Tom Shakespeare","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.981","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, children with disabilities are often excluded from and within schools.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored experiences of inclusion in education amongst children with disabilities in Malawi. The enquiry focused on the perspectives of children and their caregivers on barriers and enablers of inclusion.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 37 children with disabilities, 61 caregivers and 13 teachers from Ntcheu and Mangochi districts and analysed thematically using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, this research study found that children with disabilities face persistent and systemic barriers to attending, progressing and learning in school.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>School outcomes were influenced by a range of impairment-related, personal and environmental factors, including poor health, household poverty, attitudes of caregivers, teachers, peers and children themselves and school resources for inclusive education.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>These findings carry implications for policy and planning in inclusive education and other services to support the health and well-being of children with disabilities in Malawi.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10373404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Services and interventions needed to prevent secondary health conditions throughout the life span of people with spinal cord injury, South Africa. 南非为预防脊髓损伤患者在一生中出现继发性健康问题所需的服务和干预措施。
IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2022-11-11 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.881
Sonti I Pilusa, Hellen Myezwa, Joanne Potterton

Background: Current evidence suggests a need for a care model that supports the prevention of secondary health conditions in people with spinal cord injury. Multiple complex factors influence the prevention of secondary health conditions. There is a need for holistic and systems-based prevention approaches, which target multiple levels.

Objective: To identify the services and interventions needed to prevent secondary health conditions throughout the life span of people with spinal cord injury.

Method: We used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected using focus group discussions with professionals in the rehabilitation field. The recorded group discussions were transcribed verbatim, and content analysis was conducted.

Results: Four focus group discussions were conducted. Four themes emerged from the analyses: patient-centred care, access to resources, promotion of health, and skilled healthcare workers.

Conclusions: The suggested services and interventions needed to prevent secondary health conditions target the individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), health providers, health systems care approach and other sectors outside the health system. These services and interventions will inform the development of a preventive care model.

背景:目前的证据表明,需要一种支持预防脊髓损伤患者继发性健康问题的护理模式。预防继发性健康问题受到多种复杂因素的影响。因此需要针对多个层面的整体性和以系统为基础的预防方法:确定脊髓损伤患者在整个生命周期中预防继发性健康问题所需的服务和干预措施:我们采用了描述性定性方法。通过与康复领域的专业人士进行焦点小组讨论来收集数据。我们对小组讨论的录音进行了逐字记录,并进行了内容分析:结果:共进行了四次焦点小组讨论。分析得出了四个主题:以患者为中心的护理、获取资源、促进健康和熟练的医护人员:预防继发性健康问题所需的建议服务和干预措施针对的是脊髓损伤(SCI)患者、医疗服务提供者、医疗系统护理方法和医疗系统以外的其他部门。这些服务和干预措施将为预防性护理模式的发展提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Growing resilience capacity for learners presenting with specific learning disability in learners with special education needs schools 在有特殊教育需求的学校中,有特殊学习障碍的学生的应变能力不断提高
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1045
D. Mawila
Background Preventing adversity from accelerating among learners with specific learning disabilities (SLD) is imperative. Continuous adversities, such as social-emotional, psychological and academic difficulties, characterise learners with SLD. Prior studies have been conducted on learners with SLD developing a disorder because of the difficulties they face. However, very few studies offer evidence of how learners presenting with SLD cope despite their learning disability. Objectives The study sought to investigate what resilience resources are available among learners with SLD in learners with special education needs (LSEN) schools and to provide stakeholders with evidence of resilience enablers for learners with SLD. Method An exploratory quantitative research study was adopted, and 217 respondents with SLD were selected through purposive sampling in four LSEN schools. These learners completed the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the custom table was used as a statistical technique Results Even though the presence of SLD negatively affects an individual’s academic, psychological, social and emotional functioning, the results of this study show that individual qualities, relationships with caregivers and peers and contextual resources were resilience-enabling resources for learners with SLD. Conclusion The study’s results show that the combination of individual attributes, relational and environmental factors enables the resilience of learners with SLD. When given accessible and meaningful support, learners with SLD can develop resilience. Contribution The study contributes to the dearth of knowledge regarding the resilience of learners with SLD in LSEN schools.
背景防止特定学习障碍(SLD)学习者的逆境加速是当务之急。持续的逆境,如社会情感、心理和学业困难,是SLD学习者的特点。先前的研究已经对患有SLD的学习者进行了研究,因为他们面临的困难而发展成一种障碍。然而,很少有研究提供证据证明患有SLD的学习者在学习障碍的情况下是如何应对的。目的本研究旨在调查在有特殊教育需求的学校(LSEN)中,有SLD的学习者可以获得哪些恢复力资源,并为利益相关者提供SLD学习者恢复力的证据。方法采用探索性定量研究方法,通过有目的的抽样,在四所LSEN学校抽取217名SLD患者。这些学习者完成了儿童和青年复原力测量(CYRM-28)。使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)对数据进行分析,并使用自定义表格作为统计技术。结果尽管SLD的存在对个人的学术、心理、社会和情感功能产生了负面影响,但本研究的结果表明,与照顾者和同伴的关系以及情境资源是SLD学习者的恢复力支持资源。结论研究结果表明,个体属性、关系因素和环境因素的结合能够增强SLD学习者的适应力。当得到可获得的和有意义的支持时,患有SLD的学习者可以培养韧性。贡献该研究导致LSEN学校缺乏关于SLD学习者适应力的知识。
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引用次数: 1
Challenges and opportunities of centring the African voice in disability research. 在残疾研究中集中非洲声音的挑战和机遇。
IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-31 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1089
Lieketseng Y Ned, Kudakwashe Dube, Leslie Swartz

In 2020, the African Network of Evidence to Action on Disability (also known as AFRINEAD) hosted its 10th conference in Cape Town. This paper synthesises inputs by the three authors as plenary addresses, particularly focusing on the challenges and opportunities of centring African voices in disability research. Our concern in this article is to engage with the question of exclusion as an issue not just in the everyday lives of people with disabilities but also in the world of ideas - the ideational space. We suggest that a reimagined disability study depends on the centring of African experiences, voices and knowledges. This is especially so as there are African concepts that are not rigorously pursued in research. African Renaissance thinking makes allowance not only for critically reflecting on the historical and contemporary constructs of disability but also for fashioning a higher civilisation in which people with disabilities can exist within society as worthy and valued human beings.

2020年,非洲残疾问题证据行动网络(也称为AFRINEAD)在开普敦举办了第十次会议。本文综合了三位作者作为全体会议发言的投入,特别关注将非洲声音集中在残疾研究中的挑战和机遇。我们在这篇文章中关注的是,排斥问题不仅是残疾人日常生活中的一个问题,也是思想世界——思想空间中的一个问题。我们建议,重新设想的残疾研究取决于非洲经验、声音和知识的中心。特别是在研究中没有严格追求非洲概念的情况下。非洲文艺复兴时期的思想不仅允许对残疾的历史和当代结构进行批判性反思,而且还允许形成一种更高的文明,在这种文明中,残疾人可以作为有价值和有价值的人存在于社会中。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
African Journal of Disability
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