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Human capabilities of South African parents who have children with developmental disabilities. 有发育性残疾儿童的南非父母的人类能力。
IF 1.7 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1155
Lumka Magidigidi, Nicolette V Roman, Inge K Sonn

Background: Parenting a child with a developmental disability (DD) has a substantial influence on the lives of the parents or caregivers, as well as on how the family operates. This is frequently because of the adjustments in some daily practices that are crucial for parents' or caregivers' human capabilities to provide for childcare. There is not enough research done on human capabilities of parents or children with DD in South Africa.

Objectives: This study investigated the available support in improving the human capabilities of parents or caregivers with children with DD and the bodily health and bodily integrity human capabilities of parents or caregivers with children with DD.

Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 parents or caregivers of children aged between 1 and 8 years old with DD. This study used snowball sampling. Thematic data analysis was chosen to analyse the data collected.

Results: The results of the study indicate that participants have difficulties bringing up their children because of the emotional strain that goes along with parenting a child with DD. In addition, participants were not able to afford decent and satisfactory shelter and had limited access to good quality food because they could not afford it.

Conclusion: A lack of social support and care burden influences parents' or caregivers' ability to raise their child with developmental disability.

Contribution: The study contains helpful information about families of children with DD in under-resourced locations. The information may be of significance to policymakers who are accountable for designing and executing policies that are targeted at assisting parents or caregivers of children with DD.

背景:养育有发育障碍(DD)的孩子对父母或照顾者的生活以及家庭如何运作有重大影响。这通常是由于一些日常实践的调整,这对父母或照顾者提供儿童保育的人类能力至关重要。在南非,对患有DD的父母或孩子的人类能力进行的研究还不够。目的:探讨改善DD患儿父母或照顾者的人格能力以及DD患儿父母或照顾者的身体健康和身体完整人格能力的现有支持。方法:采用滚雪球抽样法,对11名1 ~ 8岁DD患儿的父母或照顾者进行定性访谈。采用专题数据分析对收集到的数据进行分析。结果:研究结果表明,由于养育患有DD的孩子所带来的情感压力,参与者在抚养孩子方面存在困难。此外,参与者无法负担体面和满意的住所,并且由于负担不起,他们无法获得高质量的食物。结论:缺乏社会支持和照顾负担会影响父母或照顾者抚养发育障碍儿童的能力。贡献:该研究包含了资源不足地区DD儿童家庭的有用信息。这些信息可能对负责设计和执行旨在帮助DD儿童的父母或照顾者的政策的决策者具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Inclusion of learners with learning disabilities in the Vaal Triangle mainstream classrooms. 将有学习障碍的学生纳入瓦尔三角主流教室。
IF 1.7 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1163
Nilford Hove, Nareadi T Phasha

Background: South Africa adopted a policy on inclusive education in 2001 to ensure that all learners are accommodated and accepted in the classrooms despite their differences.

Objectives: This study was aimed at exploring the inclusion of learners with learning disabilities in mainstream primary schools for teaching and learning.

Method: This study followed a qualitative approach embedded in a descriptive phenomenological design. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with individual participants and were analysed thematically for content. Six teachers from six different mainstream primary school classrooms were purposefully selected for the study.

Results: Findings revealed that overcrowding, time constraints and lack of parental involvement impede the inclusion of learners with learning disabilities in mainstream classrooms. However, teachers use: (1) multi-level teaching, (2) concrete teaching and/or learning aids, (3) differentiated instruction and (4) code-switching in accommodating learners with learning disabilities.

Conclusion: This study argues that for learners with learning disabilities to be more included in mainstream classrooms, the learner population should be reduced to a maximum of 30 learners per class, and collaboration with parents should be enhanced. Also, the arrangement of learners for teaching and learning could be limited to small groups consisting of four to five learners. Multi-level teaching and differentiated instruction should be applied in settings that do not require learners to be separated from their peers without learning disabilities.

Contribution: This study will help improve teachers' inclusive classroom pedagogical practices for all learners including those with learning disabilities.

背景:南非于2001年通过了一项全纳教育政策,以确保所有学习者在课堂上得到包容和接纳,尽管他们存在差异。目的:本研究旨在探讨学习障碍学生在主流小学的教与学融合。方法:本研究采用定性方法嵌入描述性现象学设计。数据是通过对个别参与者的深入访谈产生的,并对内容进行了主题分析。有目的地从六个不同的主流小学课堂中选择六位教师进行研究。结果:调查结果显示,过度拥挤、时间限制和缺乏家长参与阻碍了学习障碍学习者融入主流课堂。然而,教师使用:(1)多层次教学,(2)具体教学和/或学习辅助工具,(3)差异化教学和(4)语码转换来适应学习障碍的学习者。结论:本研究认为,要使学习障碍学习者更多地融入主流课堂,应将学习者人数减少到每班最多30人,并加强与家长的合作。此外,学习者的教学安排可以限制在由四到五个学习者组成的小组中。应在不要求无学习障碍的学习者与同伴分开的环境中采用多层次教学和差异化教学。贡献:本研究将有助于改善教师对包括学习障碍学生在内的所有学习者的包容性课堂教学实践。
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引用次数: 0
Growing resilience capacity for learners presenting with specific learning disability in learners with special education needs schools. 特殊教育需要学校中特殊学习障碍学习者的适应能力增强。
IF 1.7 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1045
Daphney Mawila

Background: Preventing adversity from accelerating among learners with specific learning disabilities (SLD) is imperative. Continuous adversities, such as social-emotional, psychological and academic difficulties, characterise learners with SLD. Prior studies have been conducted on learners with SLD developing a disorder because of the difficulties they face. However, very few studies offer evidence of how learners presenting with SLD cope despite their learning disability.

Objectives: The study sought to investigate what resilience resources are available among learners with SLD in learners with special education needs (LSEN) schools and to provide stakeholders with evidence of resilience enablers for learners with SLD.

Method: An exploratory quantitative research study was adopted, and 217 respondents with SLD were selected through purposive sampling in four LSEN schools. These learners completed the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the custom table was used as a statistical technique.

Results: Even though the presence of SLD negatively affects an individual's academic, psychological, social and emotional functioning, the results of this study show that individual qualities, relationships with caregivers and peers and contextual resources were resilience-enabling resources for learners with SLD.

Conclusion: The study's results show that the combination of individual attributes, relational and environmental factors enables the resilience of learners with SLD. When given accessible and meaningful support, learners with SLD can develop resilience.

Contribution: The study contributes to the dearth of knowledge regarding the resilience of learners with SLD in LSEN schools.

背景:防止特殊学习障碍(SLD)学习者的逆境加速是当务之急。持续的逆境,如社会情感、心理和学业上的困难,是特殊语言障碍学习者的特征。先前的研究已经对患有特殊语言障碍的学习者进行了研究,因为他们面临的困难而发展成一种障碍。然而,很少有研究能证明有特殊语言障碍的学习者是如何克服他们的学习障碍的。目的:本研究旨在调查特殊教育需要(LSEN)学校中特殊学习障碍学习者的弹性资源,并为利益相关者提供特殊学习障碍学习者弹性促进因素的证据。方法:采用探索性定量研究方法,在4所LSEN学校进行有目的抽样,抽取217名有特殊学习障碍的被调查者。这些学习者完成了儿童和青少年弹性测量(CYRM-28)。使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)对数据进行分析,并使用自定义表作为统计技术。结果:尽管特殊语言障碍的存在会对个体的学业、心理、社会和情感功能产生负面影响,但本研究结果表明,个体素质、与照顾者和同伴的关系以及环境资源是特殊语言障碍学习者恢复能力的资源。结论:研究结果表明,个体属性、关系因素和环境因素共同作用于特殊语言障碍学习者的心理弹性。当给予可获得和有意义的支持时,患有特殊语言障碍的学习者可以发展恢复力。贡献:本研究弥补了LSEN学校中关于特殊学习障碍学习者弹性的知识不足。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum: Evaluating the awareness and knowledge of dyslexia among primary school teachers in Tshwane District, South Africa. 勘误:评估南非Tshwane地区小学教师对阅读障碍的认识和知识。
IF 1.7 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1079
Mary M Makgato, Monicca Leseyane-Kgari, Madoda Cekiso, Itani P Mandende, Rose Masha

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.807.].

[这更正了文章DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.807.]。
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引用次数: 0
Parenting a child with disability: A mother's reflection on the significance of social support. 养育残疾儿童:一位母亲对社会支持重要性的思考。
IF 1.7 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1157
Marubini C Sadiki
This paper is a reflection on my experiences. Here, I reflect on the significance of social support groups as a mother of a child with disabilities. I share my experiences of how I was empowered by the social support of mothers of children with disabilities, with the intention that these experiences will assist other mothers in a rural context. I relate my personal positive experiences of how collaborating with other mothers in the support groups enabled me to be a better parent to my child. This paper presents the significance of coming together as mothers of children with disabilities in a rural setting. I reflect on the implications of raising a child with a disability without social support, and how I overcame those challenges after joining the social support group for mothers of children with disabilities.
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引用次数: 0
'Yebo, it was a great relief': How mothers experience their children's autism diagnoses. “Yebo,这是一个巨大的解脱”:母亲如何经历孩子的自闭症诊断。
IF 1.7 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1101
Mbalenhle N Manono, Mary G Clasquin-Johnson

Background: There is an emerging body of knowledge on the lived experiences of parenting a child with autism from a maternal perspective. Mothers' reactions to their children's autism diagnoses have been identified as a key factor influencing their children's long-term outcomes.

Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to explore how South African mothers experience their children's autism diagnoses.

Method: Telephonic interviews were conducted with 12 mothers from KwaZulu-Natal to understand their experiences prior, during and following their children's autism diagnoses. The data were analysed thematically according to the values of ubuntu, social support, culture, tradition, interpersonal relationships, interconnectedness and continuity and compared to the existing scholarship, employing an Afrocentric theoretical lens.

Results: The participants held strong cultural and religious beliefs which influenced the entire diagnosis process. Some, who waited a long time, turned to traditional healers or religious leaders. While some reported feeling relieved after the diagnosis, in the sense of at least having a name for their child's condition, they also reported feeling overwhelmed by the realisation that there is no cure for autism. Over time, mothers' feelings of guilt and anxiety declined, and they became increasingly resilient and empowered as their understanding of the meaning of their children's autism diagnosis deepened, but many continued to pray for a miracle.

Conclusion: Future research should focus on how to enhance support for mothers and their children during each of the three phases of autism diagnosis: prior, during and following their children's autism diagnoses.

Contribution: The study highlighted the crucial role of community-based religious and cultural organisations in providing appropriate support to mothers and their children diagnosed with autism, aligned to the values of ubuntu, social support, culture, tradition, interpersonal relationships, interconnectedness and continuity.

背景:有一个新兴的知识体系,从母亲的角度养育自闭症儿童的生活经验。母亲对孩子自闭症诊断的反应已被确定为影响孩子长期预后的关键因素。目的:本定性研究旨在探讨南非母亲如何体验其孩子的自闭症诊断。方法:对12名来自夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省的母亲进行电话访谈,了解她们在孩子被诊断为自闭症之前、期间和之后的经历。采用以非洲为中心的理论视角,根据乌班图、社会支持、文化、传统、人际关系、互联性和连续性的价值观对数据进行了主题分析,并与现有学术研究进行了比较。结果:被试具有强烈的文化和宗教信仰,影响了整个诊断过程。有些人等了很长时间,转而寻求传统治疗师或宗教领袖的帮助。虽然有些人在诊断后感到如释重负,因为至少有了孩子病情的名称,但他们也表示,意识到自闭症无法治愈,他们感到不知所措。随着时间的推移,母亲们的内疚感和焦虑感下降了,随着她们对孩子自闭症诊断意义的理解加深,她们变得越来越有弹性和力量,但许多人继续祈祷奇迹的发生。结论:未来的研究重点应放在如何在儿童自闭症诊断前、诊断中和诊断后三个阶段加强对母亲和孩子的支持。贡献:该研究强调了基于社区的宗教和文化组织在为被诊断为自闭症的母亲和她们的孩子提供适当支持方面的关键作用,与ubuntu、社会支持、文化、传统、人际关系、相互联系和连续性的价值观相一致。
{"title":"'Yebo, it was a great relief': How mothers experience their children's autism diagnoses.","authors":"Mbalenhle N Manono,&nbsp;Mary G Clasquin-Johnson","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an emerging body of knowledge on the lived experiences of parenting a child with autism from a maternal perspective. Mothers' reactions to their children's autism diagnoses have been identified as a key factor influencing their children's long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This qualitative study aimed to explore how South African mothers experience their children's autism diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Telephonic interviews were conducted with 12 mothers from KwaZulu-Natal to understand their experiences prior, during and following their children's autism diagnoses. The data were analysed thematically according to the values of <i>ubuntu</i>, social support, culture, tradition, interpersonal relationships, interconnectedness and continuity and compared to the existing scholarship, employing an Afrocentric theoretical lens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants held strong cultural and religious beliefs which influenced the entire diagnosis process. Some, who waited a long time, turned to traditional healers or religious leaders. While some reported feeling relieved after the diagnosis, in the sense of at least having a name for their child's condition, they also reported feeling overwhelmed by the realisation that there is no cure for autism. Over time, mothers' feelings of guilt and anxiety declined, and they became increasingly resilient and empowered as their understanding of the meaning of their children's autism diagnosis deepened, but many continued to pray for a miracle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future research should focus on how to enhance support for mothers and their children during each of the three phases of autism diagnosis: prior, during and following their children's autism diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study highlighted the crucial role of community-based religious and cultural organisations in providing appropriate support to mothers and their children diagnosed with autism, aligned to the values of <i>ubuntu</i>, social support, culture, tradition, interpersonal relationships, interconnectedness and continuity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9311081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transfemoral amputation and prosthesis provision in Tanzania: Patient and provider perspectives. 坦桑尼亚经股骨截肢和假体的提供:患者和提供者的观点。
IF 1.7 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1084
Mayur Urva, Claire A Donnelley, Sravya T Challa, Billy T Haonga, Saam Morshed, David W Shearer, Nooshin Razani

Background: The burden of disability because of traumatic limb amputation, particularly transfemoral amputation (TFA) is disproportionately carried by low- and middle-income countries. The need for improved access to prosthesis services in these settings is well-documented, but perspectives on the burden imposed by TFA and the challenges associated with subsequent prosthesis provision vary among patients, caregivers and healthcare providers.

Objectives: To examine the burden of TFA and barriers to prosthesis provision as perceived by patient, caregiver and healthcare professional, at a single tertiary referral hospital in Tanzania.

Method: Data were collected from five patients with TFA and four caregivers recruited via convenience sampling, in addition to 11 purposively sampled healthcare providers. All participants participated in in-depth interviews regarding their perceptions of amputation, prostheses and underlying barriers to improving care for persons with TFA in Tanzania. A coding schema and thematic framework were established from interviews using inductive thematic analysis.

Results: All participants noted financial and psychosocial burdens of amputation, and perceived prostheses as an opportunity for return to normality and independence. Patients worried about prosthesis longevity. Healthcare providers noted significant obstacles to prosthesis provision, including infrastructural and environmental barriers, limited access to prosthetic services, mismatched patient expectations and inadequate coordination of care.

Conclusion: This qualitative analysis identifies factors influencing prosthesis-related care for patients with TFA in Tanzania which are lacking in the literature. Persons with TFA and their caregivers experience numerous hardships exacerbated by limited financial, social and institutional support.

Contribution: This qualitative analysis informs future directions for research into improving prosthesis-related care for patients with TFA in Tanzania.

背景:创伤性肢体截肢,特别是经股截肢(TFA)造成的残疾负担不成比例地由低收入和中等收入国家承担。在这些环境中,需要改善获得假肢服务的机会,这是有充分证据的,但对TFA带来的负担和随后提供假肢相关的挑战,患者、护理人员和医疗保健提供者的观点各不相同。目的:研究坦桑尼亚一家三级转诊医院患者、护理人员和医疗保健专业人员对TFA负担和假肢提供障碍的看法。方法:从5名TFA患者和4名护理人员中收集数据,通过方便抽样,此外还有11名有目的抽样的医疗保健提供者。所有参与者都参加了深入访谈,内容涉及他们对坦桑尼亚截肢、假肢和改善对TFA患者护理的潜在障碍的看法。通过访谈,采用归纳主题分析法,建立了编码图式和主题框架。结果:所有参与者都注意到截肢的经济和社会心理负担,并将义肢视为回归正常和独立的机会。患者担心假体寿命。医疗保健提供者指出,提供义肢方面存在重大障碍,包括基础设施和环境障碍、获得义肢服务的机会有限、患者期望不匹配以及护理协调不足。结论:本定性分析确定了影响坦桑尼亚TFA患者假体相关护理的因素,这些因素在文献中缺乏。TFA患者及其照顾者经历了许多困难,而有限的经济、社会和机构支持加剧了这些困难。贡献:这一定性分析为改善坦桑尼亚TFA患者的假体相关护理的未来研究方向提供了信息。
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引用次数: 0
Participation patterns of children with cerebral palsy: A caregiver's perspective. 脑瘫儿童的参与模式:一个照顾者的视角。
IF 1.7 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1058
Lethabo E Africa, Anri Human, Muziwakhe D Tshabalala

Background: Participation in activities of daily living (ADL), education, leisure and play in children living with cerebral palsy (CP) may be affected by various factors, as outlined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF). The aim of this study was to describe the participation patterns of a group of these children.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe participation patterns in ADL, education, leisure and play activities of children living with CP in Modimolle.

Method: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) study design was used. A researcher-constructed bio-demographic data sheet and a semi-structured interview schedule were used to collect data from the primary caregivers of children (5-17 years) living with CP in Modimolle. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated from Sepedi to English and analysed using the content analysis approach and NVivo software.

Results: The findings of this study indicated that children living with CP in Modimolle require set-up and assistance to participate in various ADL such as self-care, family and community activities. They also participate in formal and informal educational programmes as well as active and passive leisure and play activities. However, at the moment, they have limited opportunities to participate because of resource constraints and inaccessible infrastructure.

Conclusion: Although children with CP in Modimolle perform some ADL, and participate in educational, leisure and play activities, they are not fully integrated into their community. Legislative support and policy implementation are required to improve participation and integration of children living with CP. Further studies on community-specific integrative strategies to enhance participation among children living with disabilities are recommended.

Contribution: This paper provides valuable information on the participation patterns of children with CP living in a rural area of South Africa. The findings can assist with development and implementation of community-specific, integrative health and social care strategies to enhance participation among children living with disabilities.

背景:根据国际功能、残疾和健康分类框架(ICF)的概述,脑瘫(CP)儿童的日常生活活动(ADL)、教育、休闲和游戏的参与可能受到各种因素的影响。这项研究的目的是描述一组这些孩子的参与模式。目的:本研究旨在了解莫迪摩勒市CP儿童在日常生活、教育、休闲和游戏活动中的参与情况。方法:采用探索性描述定性(EDQ)研究设计。采用研究者编制的生物人口统计数据表和半结构化访谈表,收集modmolle地区5-17岁CP患儿主要照料者的数据。访谈被逐字记录下来,从Sepedi翻译成英文,并使用内容分析方法和NVivo软件进行分析。结果:本研究结果表明,莫迪莫勒的CP儿童需要建立和协助才能参与各种ADL,如自我照顾,家庭和社区活动。他们还参加正式和非正式的教育方案以及主动和被动的休闲和游戏活动。然而,目前,由于资源限制和基础设施难以进入,他们参与的机会有限。结论:modmolle的CP患儿虽然有一定的日常生活自理能力,并参与教育、休闲和游戏活动,但他们并没有完全融入社区。需要立法支持和政策实施,以提高残疾儿童的参与和融入。建议进一步研究社区特定的综合策略,以提高残疾儿童的参与。贡献:本文提供了有关生活在南非农村地区的CP儿童参与模式的宝贵信息。研究结果有助于制定和实施针对社区的综合保健和社会护理战略,以加强残疾儿童的参与。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of institutional policies on employees with nonobvious disabilities. 制度性政策对非明显残疾员工的影响。
IF 1.7 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1103
Anthony G Stacey

Background: While legislation protects persons with disabilities against discrimination, decisions taken in line with institutional policies may still have a negative impact on the lived experience of those individuals.

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of institutional policies, to describe the unintended psychosocial impact of policies and to identify factors that moderate the impact of the policies.

Method: The study adopted an autoethnographic approach involving recollecting life experiences, reading archival and policy documents, reflecting on experiences, articulating lived experiences, deep thought, reviewing and repetition. Activities were carried out as and when appropriate, not necessarily sequentially. The aim was to produce a coherent narrative with credibility, authenticity and integrity.

Results: The results indicate that decisions based on interpretation of policies did not necessarily result in persons with disabilities being fully included in normal academic activities. A disablist institutional culture substantially moderates the intended consequences of institutional policies on the experiences of persons living with disabilities, particularly those that are nonobvious.

Conclusions: Consideration of persons of all abilities should be no different from recognising the diverse needs of persons of different genders, ages, educational backgrounds, financial means, languages and other demographics. A culture of disability prejudice, even among well-meaning individuals, prevents a progressive policy framework from ensuring inclusivity for persons with disabilities.

Contribution: The study demonstrates that a supportive institutional culture is necessary to give effect to disability policies and legislation and to optimise the inclusion of persons with disabilities in the workplace.

背景:虽然立法保护残疾人不受歧视,但根据体制政策作出的决定仍可能对这些人的生活经历产生负面影响。目的:本研究的目的是评估制度政策的有效性,描述政策的意外心理社会影响,并确定缓和政策影响的因素。方法:采用自我民族志的研究方法,包括回忆生活经历、阅读档案和政策文件、反思经验、表达生活经验、深入思考、回顾和重复。活动是在适当的时候进行的,不一定是按顺序进行的。其目的是产生一种具有可信度、真实性和完整性的连贯叙述。结果:结果表明,基于政策解释的决策并不一定导致残疾人充分参与正常的学术活动。残疾人制度文化大大缓和了制度政策对残疾人经历的预期后果,特别是那些不明显的后果。结论:考虑所有能力的人应该与承认不同性别、年龄、教育背景、经济能力、语言和其他人口统计数据的人的多样化需求没有什么不同。即使在善意的个人中,残疾偏见文化也会阻碍进步的政策框架确保对残疾人的包容。贡献:该研究表明,支持性的制度文化对于实施残疾政策和立法以及优化工作场所对残疾人的包容是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Personal barriers to participation in chosen instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling persons with schizophrenia in Rwanda. 卢旺达社区精神分裂症患者参与选定的日常生活工具性活动的个人障碍。
IF 1.7 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1063
Pierre D Turikumana, Lizahn G Cloete, Jerome P Fredericks

Background: Mental disorders are a major health concern across the globe. Schizophrenia, one of the mental disorders, affects approximately 20 million people globally and 5 million people within the African continent. Schizophrenia can affect all areas of life, including participation in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).

Objectives: The study aimed to explore personal barriers affecting participation in chosen IADLs among community-dwelling persons with schizophrenia in Kigali city, Rwanda.

Method: A qualitative, embedded case study design and constructivist epistemology paradigm were used. Purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants that included 10 persons diagnosed with schizophrenia (case 1) and 10 of their caregivers (case 2). Data were analysed according to the seven steps of Ziebland and Mcpherson.

Findings: The two themes identified were community negative attitudes and individual hindrances to participation in IADLs. Theme 1 demonstrated the community's poor support towards persons with schizophrenia due to the stigma attached to mental health illness, which is reported elsewhere. This paper reports on individual hindrances to participation, which revealed limited knowledge and skills, decreased motivation and interest, financial problems, maladaptive behaviours, medication side effects, loss of social interaction and isolation, and disorganised in performing activities to negatively affect persons with schizophrenia's full participation in their chosen IADLs.

Conclusion: Community-dwelling persons with schizophrenia are experiencing various hindrances to participating in their chosen IADLs, which shows a need for support from different stakeholders to improve access and participation of persons with schizophrenia in their daily activities based on their abilities.

Contribution: Different barriers affecting participation of the persons with schizophrenia in their chosen IADLs were highlighted together with the common affected IADLs. It is recommended that when right support is provided, persons with schizophrenia may function at their maximum abilities in their activities of choice and may live at their highest independence level.

背景:精神障碍是全球范围内的一个主要健康问题。精神分裂症是精神障碍之一,影响全球约2000万人,非洲大陆约500万人。精神分裂症可以影响生活的各个方面,包括日常生活工具活动(IADLs)的参与。目的:本研究旨在探讨影响卢旺达基加利市社区精神分裂症患者参与选定IADLs的个人障碍。方法:采用定性嵌入式案例研究设计和建构主义认识论范式。对20名参与者进行了有目的的抽样和半结构化访谈,其中包括10名精神分裂症患者(病例1)和10名他们的照顾者(病例2)。数据根据Ziebland和Mcpherson的七个步骤进行分析。结果:确定的两个主题是社区消极态度和个人参与iadl的障碍。主题1表明,社区对精神分裂症患者的支持不足,这是由于对精神健康疾病的污名化,其他地方也有报道。本文报告了个人参与障碍,其中包括知识和技能有限、动机和兴趣下降、经济问题、适应不良行为、药物副作用、失去社会互动和孤立,以及在执行活动时缺乏组织,这些都对精神分裂症患者充分参与所选择的IADLs产生负面影响。结论:社区精神分裂症患者在参与其选择的IADLs方面遇到各种障碍,这表明需要不同利益相关者的支持,以根据其能力改善精神分裂症患者在日常活动中的获取和参与。贡献:影响精神分裂症患者参与其选择的iadl的不同障碍与常见的受影响的iadl一起被强调。建议在提供正确的支持时,精神分裂症患者可以在他们选择的活动中发挥最大的能力,并可以在他们的最高独立水平上生活。
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African Journal of Disability
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